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Today researchers look for a possibility to keep cells for a long time without losing their viability. For that cryopreservation is often used. In this process it is necessary that the cells are not destroyed so cryoprotective agents (CPA) are needed. At the moment 5 to 10 % dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO) is mostly used, but this chemical is cytotoxic to the cells. So an alternative is needed. In this work experiments are made with an icebindingprotein (IBP) of Hypogastrura harveyi, as an alternative to DMSO. It was shown in previous studies that this protein isn’t cytotoxic for the cells, with crude extract and purified inclusion bodies it even seems that the mixtures have a positive effect on growth and proliferation. As a first step the protein was produced heterologous in E. coli and then the crude extract and the purified inclusion bodies were used for experiments on the influence of the IBP on the cryopreservation of mesenchymal stem cells from the common marmoset monkey Callithrix jacchus. In the process it was found that the protein could not replace DMSO completely. But it was possible to show that the DMSO-concentration can be reduced by adding the IBP.

Andreas O Doesch,1 Janika Repp,1 Nina Hofmann,1 Christian Erbel,1 Lutz Frankenstein,1 Christian A Gleissner,1 Constanze Schmidt,1 Arjang Ruhparwar,2 Christian Zugck,1 Paul Schnitzler,3 Philipp Ehlermann,1 Thomas J Dengler,4 Hugo A Katus11Department of Cardiology, 2Department of Cardiac Surgery, 3Department of Infectious Disease, Virology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, 4Department of Cardiology, SLK Kliniken Heilbronn, Bad Friedrichshall, GermanyBackground: Cytomegalovirus (CMV) infection is a serious complication following heart transplantation. This study (June 2003-January 2010) retrospectively assessed the effects of oral valganciclovir prophylaxis in adult heart transplant recipients during the first year after transplantation.Methods: In patients with normal renal function, 900 mg of oral valganciclovir was administered twice daily for 14 days after heart transplant followed by 900 mg per day for following 6 months. In the event of renal insufficiency, valganciclovir was adjusted according to the manufacturer's recommendations. Antigenemia testing for pp65 antigen and simultaneous polymerase chain reaction (PCR) were used to document exposure to CMV. From 2003 to 2010, 146 patients (74.0% men) of mean age 50.7 ± 10.3 years at the time of heart transplant were included.Results: A total of 16 patients (11.0% of total, 75.0% male) had a positive pp65 and PCR result (ie, CMV infection) during the year following heart transplant; three of these patients had discontinued valganciclovir prophylaxis within the first 6 months following transplant because of leukopenia, including one patient developed CMV colitis. Two further patients developed CMV pneumonia during prophylactic valganciclovir therapy. Eight patients had positive pp65 and PCR tests in the 6–12 months after heart transplant following cessation of routine prophylaxis. One of these patients developed CMV pneumonia and another developed CMV colitis and CMV pneumonia. Thirty-seven of the 146 (25.3%) patients were CMV donor-seropositive/recipient-seronegative, and seven (18.9% of this subgroup) had a positive CMV test. In patients who were CMV donor-seropositive/recipient-seronegative, the risk of a positive CMV test (ie, CMV infection) was significantly elevated (P = 0.023).Conclusion: CMV prophylaxis with oral valganciclovir for 6 months following heart transplant is clinically feasible. In line with previous studies, CMV donor-seropositive/recipient-seronegative patients have a significantly elevated risk of CMV infection. In patients who prematurely discontinue valganciclovir, close monitoring of CMV antigenemia appears warranted. No significantly elevated rate of CMV infection was observed after 6 months of valganciclovir prophylaxis.Keywords: cytomegalovirus infection, heart transplantation, valganciclovir prophylaxis

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Copyright of Der Unfallchirurg is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

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This study determined the influence of light curing protocols and matrix type on the margin quality and marginal seal of Class II resin-based composite restorations. In extracted human molars, box-shaped MOD cavities with 1 man wide interproximal bevels were prepared with cervical margins located at least 1 mm coronal to the cemento-enamal junction. The prepared teeth were mounted in a jig featuring artificial training teeth that served as adjacent teeth. A contoured sectional metal matrix band was placed in one interproximal area, and a section of a contoured transparent matrix band was placed in the opposite interproximal area. Both were kept in position using wooden wedges. After etching (35% H3PO4 gel) and the application of a three-step etch & rinse dentin adhesive (Optibond FL, Kerr), a thin layer of flowable resin-based composite (Revolution, Kerr) was applied to the interproximal margins. The cavities were restored by placing one horizontal and two oblique increments of a fine hybrid resin-based composite (Herculite XRV, Kerr). The curing protocols included one standard halogen protocol (Elipar Trilight, 3M ESPE, 40 seconds @ 800 mW/cm²), 3 halogen soft-start protocols (Step: Elipar HiLight, 3M ESPE; 10 seconds @ 150 mW/cm² 30 seconds @ 850 mW/cm²; Ramp: Elipar TriLight, 3M ESPE, 5 seconds @ 100 mW/cm², exponential increase for 10 seconds, 25 seconds @ 800 mW/cm²; Pulse delay: VIP Light, BISCO, cervical increment: 10 seconds @ 500 mW/cm², occlusal increments: 3 seconds @ 200 mW/cm², final irradiation after a 5 minute interval: 30 seconds @ mW/cm²) and 2 plasma are high intensity protocols (PAC: Lightning Cure, ADT, 10 seconds @ 1400 mW/cm²; APO: Apollo 95E, DMDS, 2 x 3 seconds @ 1570 mW/cm²). The restored teeth were stored in 0.9% saline at 37°C for 4 weeks and submitted to thermal cycling [TC] with 2500 cycles between 5°C and 55°C after 2 weeks. The margin quality before and after TC was analyzed in SEM using the replica technique, and the marginal seal was determined using the dye penetration test (50% AgNO3, 2 hours) at the end of the study. The matrix type did not significantly influence the quality and seal of the respective margins. For the complete restoration margin, one of the high intensity protocols (APO) produced a higher percentage of "continuous margin" compared to pulse delay irradiation after TC and lower percentages of "marginal opening" compared to halogen standard irradiation before and after TC. Halogen step irradiation produced a superior marginal seal compared to pulse delay curing at the occlusal margins; equivalent results were observed for all curing modes at the cervical margins. Neither a general advantage of soft-start irradiation nor a general disadvantage of high intensity curing was confirmed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The effect of temperature on food consumption, food conversion and somatic growth was investigated with juvenile burbot Lota lota(age 0 years). Juvenile burbot showed a significant dome shaped relationship between relative daily food consumption ( CR) and temperature ( T) with CR = − 0·00044 T2 + 0·01583 T − 0·06010; ( n = 90, r2 = 0·61). Maximum CR was at 17·9° C (95% CL 17·2–18·6° C). The temperature related instantaneous growth rate ( G) also followed a dome shaped function with G = − 0·000063 T2 + 0·002010 T − 0·007462; ( n = 95, r2 = 0·57), with maximum growth rate at 16·0° C (95% CL 15·3–16·6° C). A significant linear relationship was found between the water temperature and the conversion coefficient ( CC) with CC = − 1·63 T + 59·04; ( n = 80, r2 = 0·74). The results indicate that juvenile burbot in large lakes benefit from higher water temperatures in the littoral zone, by increased food uptake and growth, especially during the warm summer months. Because profundal water temperatures do not reflect the optimal temperature for food consumption in large burbot, temperature is unlikely to be the main proximate factor for the obligate littoral-profundal migration of juvenile burbot observed in many lake populations. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study tests the hypothesis that soft-start irradiation improves, whereas, high intensity irradiation compromises the margin quality and marginal seal of Class V resin based composite [RBC] restorations. Box-shaped Class V cavitiews were prepared in extracted, human third molars with cervical margins located apical to the CEJ. Cavities were restored using a multi-step bonding agent (Optibond FL, Kerr), a thin layer of flowable resin composite and two increments of fine hybrid composite (Filtek Flow/Filtek Z250, 3M ESPE; Revolution f2/Herculite XRV, Kerr). Light irradiation was performed using either the standard (40 seconds) or the soft-standard mode (40 seconds) or the soft-start mode (40 seconds with exponential increase) of a quartz tungsten halogen or an LED curing light (Elipar Trilight, Elipar Freelight, 3M ESPE); for high intensity irradiation, a Plasma Arc curing unit was used with three irradiations of three seconds (Apollo 95E, DMDS). After 30 days of water storage and thermal cycling (n=2500, 5-55°C), margin quality was assessed in the SEM using the replica technique and marginal seal was evaluated using dye penetration (AgNO3 50%). Few differences were observed between the light curing protocols. However, less leakage was observed in the case of the lower shrinking RBC Filtek Z250. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In large lakes, burbot utilize several habitats during their ontogenesis. While juveniles are typically littoral dwellers, adults often prefer the cold profundal waters, especially during the summer months. Such distinct seasonal or ontogenetic habitat shifts are often induced by proximate abiotic factors that guide the fish toward another habitat in which either physiological performance is optimized or survival is increased. Temperature is often considered to be such a factor, especially in cold-stenothermal species. In thermal gradient experiments, the effects of the acclimation temperature (AT) on the preferred temperature (PT) and the critical thermal maximum and minimum of burbot were studied. A significant nonlinear relationship was found between PT and AT in small (10−20 cm total length) burbot (SEs in parentheses): PT = −2.1363 (±0.5455) AT + 0.0732 (±0.0207) AT2 + 26.2708 (±3.2075). The final temperature preferendum was 11.4°C. For large (20−30 cm) burbot, no such relationship between acclimation temperature and preferred temperature was found, and a final temperature preferendum of 14.2°C was calculated. Both size-classes showed a positive linear relationship between the critical thermal maximum (CTMa) and AT: CTMa = 0.3254 (±0.0198) AT + 25.1106 (±0.2676) ( R2 = 0.94) for small burbot, and CTMa = 0.3688 (±0.0276) AT + 24.2986 (±0.3742) ( R2 = 0.91) for large burbot. A critical thermal minimum of 3.3°C was found for small burbot acclimated to 19.6°C. The results show that even during summer the littoral water temperature in Lake Constance is very unlikely to force juvenile burbot towards the cold profundal zone. However, the data provide good evidence that changes in water temperature in spring do act as a trigger for the juveniles to leave the littoral to avoid a thermal trap during summer. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study evaluated the influence of radiation intensity on polymerization of a resin-based composite (RBC) and compared the influence of guidance of shrinkage vectors vs irradiation at reduced light intensity on the marginal seal of Class V RBC restorations in vitro. The degree of cure was studied indirectly by measuring the Vickers hardness (1.96 N, 30 seconds) at the bottom of disc-shaped specimens 2 mm in height at different periods of time after light irradiation. After one hour, irradiation using a high-intensity curing light (Heliolux GTE Vivadent, 600 mW/cm2) [HICL] from close distance for 20 seconds, 40 seconds or 60 seconds or a low-intensity curing light (Vivalux, 250 mW/cm2) [LICL) from close distance for 60 seconds produced higher hardness values compared to 20 seconds or 40 seconds using thje LICL or using the HICL from a distance of 10 mm. After three and 24 hours, higher hardness was observed for all irradiation protocols. After 24 hours, only specimens irradiated by the HICL for 20 seconds or 40 seconds from 10 mm distance featured significantly lower hardness compared to the remaining curing modes. The influence of different irradiation strategies on marginal seal of Class V RBC restorations after water storage (60 days, 37°C) and termocylcing (2500 cycles 5°-55°C). The HICL produced more dye penetration than the LICL. Placing the light tip directly over or 10 mm above the center ofthe cavity ("standard irradiation, ["distance irradiation"]") resulted in similar penetration values. In contrast, positioning the light tip apical to the cervical margin and moving it slowly to the center of the cavity ("cervical start irradiation") compromised the marginal seal. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Chromatin condensation is vital for the function of the spermatozoon as the motile carrier of the paternal genome. The degree of condensation can be shown with the aid of acidic aniline blue staining, which is able to discriminate between lysine-rich histones and arginine- and cysteine-rich protamines. Using this technique and employing the Düsseldorf classification of sperm morphology in cases of disturbance of spermatogenesis, it was demonstrated that chromatin condensation is impaired not only in malformed but also in morphologically normal spermatozoa. Among morphologically normal spermatozoa, the percentages of spermatozoa with chromatin condensation disturbances increase in patients with different patterns of sperm malformation, if compared with patients with normozoospermia. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]