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Presents news briefs on physics as of May 2002. Position to be held by professor Robert Callender at 'Biophysical Journal' effective July 1, 2002; Selection of the director of the Center for Space Research at Massachusetts Institute of Technology in Cambridge; Award won by Herwig Kogelnik and Allan Snyder, presented in December 2001 by the Marconi Foundation.

Presents an update on several physicists and physics teachers as of May 2001. Award received by Raymond E. Golstein from the Foundation for Research and Technology in Hellas, Greek; Appointment of Dirk Rischke as chairman of the theoretical heavy-ion physics department of the University of Frankfurt in Germany; Award received by Herwig Kogelnik from the Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers.

Presents the life and works of Herwig Kogelnik, a vice president of the OSA company in Milwaukee, Wisconsin. Emphasis of the educational attainment; Inclusion of the awards received; Characteristics and leadership skills of Kogelnik.

The fields of optics and photonics have experienced dramatic technical advances over the past several decades and have cemented themselves as key enabling technologies across many different industries. This paper explores past milestones, present state of the art, and future perspectives of several different topics, including: lasers, materials, devices, communications, bioimaging, displays, manufacturing, and industry evolution. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

An introduction to the section on optics and photonics included in the "Proceedings of the IEEE" is presented.

The vector modulation interaction is a degenerate four-wave mixing process in which a strong pump drives weak signal and idler sidebands, each of which has two polarization components. In this paper, the Jones–Stokes formalism is used to study the vector modulation interaction in a rapidly spun fiber. Comprehensive formulas are derived for the signal and idler eigenvectors, and the transfer functions for the associated eigenamplitudes, which are valid for arbitrary pump polarizations. Not only do these formulas describe the sideband evolution classically, they also enable the quantum-mechanical description of the sideband evolution in both the Heisenberg and Schrödinger pictures. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

We study the statistics of transmission impairments due to polarization-mode dispersion in systems characterized by the hinge model. In particular, we validate the use of a computationally efficient expression for the probability density function (PDF) of the differential group delay (DGD) of systems with an arbitrary number of hinges. We then combine this expression for the PDF of the DGD with the outage map approach to compute outage probabilities and noncompliant capacity ratios for transmission links with varying numbers of sections (from 4 up to 20), each for several values of mean DGD and different system parameters. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

The early work (1960s, 1970s) on Integrated Optics at the Bell Telephone Laboratories and at the California Institute of Technology (Caltech), with which the author was involved, is described from a personal perspective. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

We attempt a brief and broad overview and historical perspective of the theory of lightwave propagation in dielectric waveguides. This is a subject that is now documented by extensive literature. As our review task is limited by constraints in both space and time it will be illustrative rather than comprehensive. The illustrations are intended to highlight the principal concepts and theoretical approaches and refer the reader to the literature for detailed derivations and explanations. Our story celebrates a theory with a proud history of nearly 100 years, vibrant and rich in new ideas, and serving as the base for an increasing number of powerful applications. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

In this paper, we study the performance of 10.7-Gb/s nonreturn-to-zero (NRZ) and return-to-zero (RZ) on-off keying signals in the joint presence of first-order polarization mode dispersion (PMD) and chromatic dispersion (CD) based on optical signal-to-noise ratio penalty measurements. Our investigations show that the tolerance of RZ to first-order PMD is severely reduced by the presence of typical values of residual CD. Three different receiver strategies are studied: 1. unequalized threshold detection; 2. combined feed-forward and decision-feedback equalization; and 3. maximum-likelihood sequence estimation (MLSE). In all three cases, the presence of CD eliminates the advantage of RZ over NRZ in terms of PMD tolerance. For NRZ, we find that the MLSE improves the tolerance to first-order PMD by 60%-70%, even in the presence of residual CD. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

The PMF (Polarization Maintaining Fiber) concatenation model is an important model in studying PMD (Polarization Mode Dispersion). In this paper, two numerical models are established based on Jones matrix and Mueller matrix. Then we perform the numerical simulation. The results indicate that the statistical probability distribution of PMD approximates the Maxwell distribution more closely with the increasing of the number of degree of freedom. The efficiency of the two ways is also discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Polarization mode dispersion (PMD) is one of the effects which limit bit rates in optical communications systems. The statistics of PMD is complicated because it is multi-dimensional, however, many useful results have been obtained. Much work has been done, but the subject is not yet closed, as witnessed by the existence of this conference. In this talk I will review the way some statistical equations are treated. I will briefly discuss the methods of Ito and Lax, and their application to the PMD problem. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Provides information for an effective communication of color in the Internet era. Evolution of digital color devices; Factors for an effective communication of color in the Internet; Problems in providing a consistent color output among different devices.

The author describes his career from leaving the Israeli Army in the summer of 1950 to date. He describes his work in optics during this time. He expresses his surprise by the wonderful and exciting opportunities afforded to him by the study of waves. Particularly exciting he feels was, and still is, the opportunity to surf these waves together with the very talented graduate students at the unique setting and ambience of his (scientific) home for 36 years - Caltech [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

This paper looks back at how the basic concepts related to optical resonators and lensguides emerged during the first decade of the laser era [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

These are the personal recollections of one of the many participants in the revolution that changed the core of telecommunications, its fundamental science, its enabling technology, and its industry [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

This paper presents a statistical description of polarization dependent chromatic dispersion (PCD) in optical fibers due to second-order polarization mode dispersion (PMD). This chromatic dispersion is the cause of pulse broadening and compression of the signal components propagating in the principal states of polarization. We show here that, remarkably, the probability density function of PCD has the form of the energy density of a first-order optical soliton. We report measurements that are in agreement with the prediction of this soliton density. Moreover, since a large number of independent experimental samples are difficult to obtain, we also report simulations of the experimental process and these serve to underscore the agreement between theory and measurement. The probability density functions of first and second-order PMD vectors are spherically symmetric. However, these vectors are not statistically independent. The mean square depolarization with respect to wavelength of a launched pulse is revealed to be 33% stronger than expected for spherical symmetry in the absence of dependence, while the mean square PCD is weaker by 67% [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

The article offers informations on Optical Fiber Communication Conference and Exposition/National Fiber Optic Engineers Conference (OFC/ NFOEC) to be held in San Diego, California in February 28, 2008.

We measured the dependence of polarization-mode dispersion (PMD) penalty on receiver characteristics in an optically preamplified receiver using nonreturn-to-zero (NRZ) and return-to-zero (RZ) optical signals. The PMD-induced penalties were measured as a function of receiver electrical bandwidth at two different conditions: an optimized decision point and a fixed decision point. We also describe the measurement of the input polarization dependence of the PMD-induced penalty using polarization-scrambled signals. The observed penalty depends strongly on decision point and receiver electrical bandwidth in both NRZ and RZ signal formats [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Highlights results of a Bell Labs' committee investigation which found physicist Jan Hendrik Schön guilty of committing scientific misconduct for alleged fraud. Types of allegations investigated by the committee; Extent and depth of the misconduct; Responsibility of Schön's coauthors to the falsified data; Reaction of the physics community on the Schön case.

We propose and demonstrate a novel high-speed and wavelength insensitive Y-branch modulator in InGaAsP multiple-quantum-wells that exhibits negligible chirp and is also suitable for achieving controllable chirp. We raise the refractive index on one arm via applied bias and use the unbiased arm as a modulator. As the light switches to the biased arm, the modulated light in the unbiased arm experiences little phase change and therefore exhibits negligible chirp. Tunable chirp may be achieved using a push-pull bias configuration. We demonstrate that our modulator chirp is ~10 times lower than that of typical electroabsorption modulators [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

The article announces awards given to contributors to the fields of science and technology, including Ralph A. Alpher of Union College, Rita Colwell of the University of Maryland, and Lubert Stryer of Stanford University.