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This article highlights the clinically and surgically relevant aspects of the anatomy of the liver. The liver is the largest organ in the human body. It can be divided functionally into eight hepatic segments, each with their own blood supply and bile outflow. Anatomically, however, it is divided into the right, left, caudate, and quadrate lobes. The porta hepatis, effectively the hilum of the liver, receives the hepatic artery, hepatic portal vein, right and left hepatic ducts, as well as lymphatic and autonomic nerves. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Caroli’s disease is a rare malformation of the biliary tract with an incidence rate being one per million of people. Most cases of hepatic cystic lesions are asymptomatic and are discovered incidentally during abdominal ultrasonography. It is reported that Caroli’s disease is an autosomal-recessive disorder with multifocal segmental non-obstructive dilation features of intrahepatic bile ducts that may involve a segment, a lobe, or the whole liver. Several complications might be developed in some cases, such as cholangiocarcinoma. Therefore, early diagnosis is vital for proper management. There is a lack of literature discussing Caroli’s disease among Africans compared to Asians. Females are more affected than males. Moreover, most of Caroli’s disease cases were about 22 years old of age. This study describes the existing case’s novelty in that we discuss a rare Caroli’s disease case of an African male patient; moreover, the patient age in mid-adulthood. In addition, the severity of the current case is that both hepatic lobes showed severe multiple cystic lesions. The embryonic justification of the case is the large cranial portion of the hepatic diverticulum gives rise to the cords of hepatocytes and intrahepatic biliary networks. On the other hand, the small caudal portion forms the extrahepatic biliary tract. The hepatocytes as well as cholangiocytes, are differentiated from the hepatoblasts under the influence of typical hepatic genes, α-fetoprotein, liver-specific transcription factors, and albumin. Based on the above, Caroli disease is defined by biliary tract malformation, whereas Caroli syndrome is determined by the presence of associated congenital hepatic fibrosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses research on copper interlobular distribution in beef calves. It references a study by Marta Miranda and colleagues, published in the 2010 issue of the "Journal of the Veterinary Diagnostic Investigation." The researchers assessed the animals that are on a high-copper diet to make sure that the study will have accurate results. They found that copper concentrations are high in the left lobe and processus papillaris of calves.

The ramification of the portal vein in the right hemiliver was studied by anatomic dissection in 36 formalin-fixed human livers. In 28/36 (77.8%) cases, the portal vein bifurcated into a right branch and a left branch and the right branch bifurcated into anterior and posterior segmental branches. The anterior segmental branch terminated in the anterosuperior subsegment (S[sub 8] ) in two types: bifurcated when it divided into anterior P[sub 8] and posterior P[sub 8 ] branches towards the respective regions of S[sub 8] (24/28 cases) and monopodal when it had a single pedicle (4/28 cases). The maximum anteroinferior subsegmental branch (P[sub 5 ] maximum) originated either from the anterior segmental branch (16/28 cases) or from the anterior P[sub 8] branch (12/28 cases). The posterior segmental branch vascularized the posteroinferior (S[sub 6] ) and the posterosuperior (S[sub 7] ) subsegments, and was terminated in three types: fan-shaped (16/28), bifurcated (9/28) and tripodal (3/28). In 4/36 (11.1%) cases the portal vein bifurcated into a right branch and a left branch but the posterior segmental branch was not present. In 4/36 (11.1%) the right branch of the portal vein was not present. These anatomical variations are explained separately and finally all cases are considered as a whole.Copyright © 2000 S. Karger AG, Basel [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]