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Abstract Due to the influence of construction quality, engineering geology and hydrological environment, defects such as dehollowing and insufficient compaction can occur in tunnels. Aiming at the problems of complex detection model, poor real-time performance and low accuracy of the current tunnel lining defect detection methods, the study proposes a lightweight defect detection algorithm of tunnel lining based on knowledge distillation. Firstly, a high-precision teacher model based on yolov5s was constructed by constructing a C3CSFM module that combines residual structure and attention mechanism, a MDFPN network structure with multi-scale feature fusion and a reweighted RWNMS re-screening mechanism. Secondly, in the distillation process, the feature and output dimension results are fused to improve the detection accuracy, and the mask feature relationship is learned in the space and channel dimension to improve the real-time detection. Tests on the tunnel lining radar defect image dataset showed that the number of parameters of the improved model was reduced from 16.03 MB to 3.20 MB, a reduction of 80%, and the average accuracy was improved from 83.4 to 86.5%, an increase of 3.1%. On the basis of maintaining the structure and detection performance of the model, the lightweight degree of the model is greatly improved, and the high-precision and real-time detection of tunnel lining defects is realized.

Abstract Due to the polycrystalline cubic boron nitride tool has the characteristics of high hardness, brittleness, etc., it is easy to break the tool or produce defects in the laser cutting process, which affects the cutting performance of the tool. Traditional defect detection methods can no longer meet the needs of modern manufacturing. Aiming at the problems of low accuracy and poor real-time detection of surface defects on laser-cutting polycrystalline cubic boron nitride tools, this study proposes the surface defect detection model of laser cutting polycrystalline cubic boron nitride tool based on asymptotic fusion strategy, which fills the gap in the field. In the backbone network, the C3SE module is constructed by modeling the correlation between feature channels to improve the model’s focus on key features in order to enhance the feature extraction and processing capability of the backbone network; In the neck network, adaptive spatial fusion operation and direct interaction of non-adjacent layers are utilized for multi-scale information fusion, and the asymptotic feature pyramid network for object detection (AFPN) is used instead of the FPN structure to improve the detection performance; In the head network, a soft suppression mechanism is introduced to reduce the overlapping frame score using a decay function, thus improving the detection accuracy. The experimental results based on the self-constructed laser-cutting polycrystalline cubic boron nitride tool surface defects dataset show that the average accuracy of the AFFS-YOLO model is improved by 5.6% compared with that of the YOLOv5 model, reaching 86.1%, and the detection effect is better than that of the original network and other classical target detection networks.

Abstract Active faults along railways in the mountainous regions of western China pose significant challenges to bridge safety. To ensure the safe operation of long-span railway bridges under complex geological conditions, this study investigates the synthesis of artificial ground motions for bridges crossing strike-slip faults and analyzes their nonlinear seismic response. First, we develop a theoretical method for simulating high- and low-frequency seismic motions using a finite fault and an equivalent velocity pulse model. Next, using a specific long-span railway cable-stayed bridge as a case study, we construct a nonlinear finite element model with OpenSees software. Finally, we assess the seismic response of key bridge components considering various crossing angles, seismic amplitudes, fault rupture directivity, and fling-step effects. The results show that the crossing angle significantly influences the seismic response, with longitudinal and transverse responses exhibiting opposite patterns. Additionally, the scaling factor of seismic motion significantly affects bridge response. For bridges crossing strike-slip faults, the longitudinal response exhibits a sudden increase in displacement due to instantaneous velocity pulses, while the transverse response shows notable residual displacement influenced by the fling-step effect. However, the critical section curvatures of bridge towers and piers remain within the elastic range across all crossing angles, indicating that controlling large displacement deformations is crucial for the seismic design of bridges crossing strike-slip faults.

Four new lactones, including hypomonacid A (1) and hypomonone A–C (4–6), as well as nine known polyketide analogues (2–3 and 7–13) were obtained from endophytic fungus Hypomontagnella sp. TX-09 derived from Santalum album. Their planar structures were extensively established by analysing HRESIMS and NMR spectroscopic data. Stereochemistry of new compounds was determined by X-ray diffraction analysis and modified Mosher’s method in combination with quantum-chemical ECD calculation. In addition, compounds 1 and 2 showed anti-inflammatory activity by inhibition of lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced NO production in RAW264.7 cells at 50 μmol/L without cytotoxicity. Among them, compound 1 inhibited the production of LPS-stimulated inflammation in mouse macrophage RAW264.7 cells by suppressing the expression of iNOS, TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6.

ObjectiveTo understand the relationship between kidney function trajectories and cardiovascular disease (CVD) incidence among adult rural Uyghurs in Xinjiang Uyghur Autonomous Region (Xinjiang), and to provide a reference for early detection and prevention of CVD in the population. MethodsA total of 6 417 rural Uyghur residents aged ≥ 18 years in Regiment 51, Third Division of the Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps were recruited for a baseline survey in September 2016 using typical sampling. Follow-up surveys were conducted in April 2019, June 2020, July 2021 and June 2022 among 5 585 non-frequent migrants with complete basic information and no chronic kidney disease or CVD at baseline. Kidney function trajectories were constructed using a group-based trajectory model to determine the number and trend of trajectories. The log-rank test was used to compare the cumulative incidence of CVD among residents with different renal function trajectories. The Cox proportional hazards regression model was used to analyze the relationship between renal function trajectory groups and CVD incidence, and subgroup analysis and sensitivity analysis were used to validate the results. ResultsAs of June 2022, 414 (7.41%) of the 5 585 participants were lost to follow-up; after excluding 429 participants with < 3 serum creatinine measurements, a total of 4 742 participants were finally included in the analysis, with a total follow-up of 27 018.48 person-years and a mean follow-up of 5.70 ± 0.96 person-years. A total of 563 cases of CVD were observed during the follow-up period, with a cumulative incidence of 11.87%. Based on the group-based trajectory model analysis, the 4 742 participants were classified into four groups with different kidney function trajectories: high-level stable progression of estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) group (2 128 individuals, 44.88% of the participants), gradually increasing eGFR group (1207, 25.45%), gradually decreasing eGFR group (988, 20.84%), and rapidly decreasing eGFR group (419, 8.83%), respectively; the cumulative incidence of CVD observed at follow-up in these groups was 232, 87, 156, and 88, with significantly different cumulative incidence rates of 10.90%, 7.21%, 15.79%, and 21.00% (χ2 = 74.882, P < 0.001). After adjustment for sex, age, smoking status, alcohol consumption, hypertension, diabetes, overweight/obesity, dyslipidaemia/hypertension/diabetes/CVD/stroke, the Cox proportional hazards regression model analysis showed that, compared with those in the high stable eGFR group, participants in the gradually increasing eGFR group had a reduced risk of CVD incidence (hazard ratio [HR] = 0.766, 95% confidence interval [95%CI]: 0.598 – 0.983), whereas participants in the gradually decreasing eGFR group and the rapidly decreasing eGFR group had an increased risk of CVD incidence, with HR (95%CI) of 1.297 (1.059 – 1.590) and 1.865 (1.458 – 2.385), respectively; further subgroup analysis revealed HR (95%CI) of 2.577 (1.698 – 3.909), 1.629 (1.196 – 2.220), 1.729 (1.078 – 2.774), and 1.867 (1.399 – 2.492) for participants who were male, female, < 45 years of age, and ≥ 45 years of age in the rapidly declining eGFR group, respectively. Sensitivity analysis results after sequential exclusion of those with hypertension, diabetes and dyslipidaemia at baseline showed increased risks of CVD incidence in participants in the rapidly declining eGFR group, with HR (95%CI) of 1.638 (1.157 – 2.319), 1.854 (1.426 – 2.410) and 1.667 (1.227 – 2.264) compared with those in the high-grade stable eGFR group, indicating good robustness of the results. ConclusionBoth increasing and decreasing eGFR trajectories are associated with the risk of CVD incidence among rural Uyghur residents in Xinjiang; those with increasing eGFR have a decreased risk of CVD incidence, whereas those with decreasing eGFR have an increased risk of CVD incidence.

Abstract In this paper, we consider a coupling mechanism between the kinetic term and the gravity, in which a coupling function F (R) is introduced into the kinetic term of the five-dimensional scalar field. Based on this scenario, we investigate the localization of scalar fields in three specific braneworld models: the Minkowski brane, the de Sitter brane, and the Anti-de Sitter brane. The brane models considered here are regular with no singularity for scalar curvature. For the Minkowshi brane case, the zero mode can always be localized on the brane, and the massive modes can be localized or quasi-localized on the brane. For the dS4 brane case, two forms of factor F (R) is considered. The zero mode can always be localized, and the massive modes could be quasi-localized on the brane. Besides, with the second coupling factor, the scalar zero mode could be localized on the both sides of the origin of extra dimension, while the massive modes could be quasi-localized on the origin. Lastly, for the AdS4 brane case, the localization of the scalar zero mode requires the consideration of a coupling potential V (Φ, φ), while the massive modes can still be localized on the brane with an infinite number.

Fuzzy preference modeling in intelligent decision support systems aims to improve the efficiency and accuracy of decision-making processes by incorporating fuzzy logic and preference modeling techniques. While network public opinion (NPO) has the potential to drive judicial reform and progress, it also poses challenges to the independence of the judiciary due to the negative impact of malicious public opinion. To tackle this issue within the context of intelligent decision support systems, this study provides an insightful overview of current NPO monitoring technologies. Recognizing the complexities associated with handling large-scale NPO data and mitigating significant interference, a novel judicial domain NPO monitoring model is proposed, which centers around semantic feature analysis. This model takes into account time series characteristics, binary semantic fitting, and public sentiment intensity. Notably, it leverages a bidirectional long short-term memory (Bi-LSTM) network (S-Bi-LSTM) to construct a judicial domain semantic similarity calculation model. The semantic similarity values between sentences are obtained through the utilization of a fully connected layer. Empirical evaluations demonstrate the remarkable performance of the proposed model, achieving an accuracy rate of 85.9% and an F1 value of 87.1 on the test set, surpassing existing sentence semantic similarity models. Ultimately, the proposed model significantly enhances the monitoring capabilities of judicial authorities over NPO, thereby alleviating the burden on public relations faced by judicial institutions and fostering a more equitable execution of judicial power.

Hospital pharmacy plays an important role in ensuring medical care quality and safety, especially in the area of drug information retrieval, therapy guidance, and drug-drug interaction management. ChatGPT is a powerful artificial intelligence language model that can generate natural-language texts. Here, we explored the applications and reflections of ChatGPT in hospital pharmacy, where it may enhance the quality and efficiency of pharmaceutical care. We also explored ChatGPT’s prospects in hospital pharmacy and discussed its working principle, diverse applications, and practical cases in daily operations and scientific research. Meanwhile, the challenges and limitations of ChatGPT, such as data privacy, ethical issues, bias and discrimination, and human oversight, are discussed. ChatGPT is a promising tool for hospital pharmacy, but it requires careful evaluation and validation before it can be integrated into clinical practice. Some suggestions for future research and development of ChatGPT in hospital pharmacy are provided.

Organic proteins are attractive owing to their unique optical properties, remarkable mechanical characteristics, and biocompatibility. Manufacturing multifunctional structures on organic protein films is essential for practical applications; however, the controllable fabrication of specific structures remains challenging. Herein, we propose a strategy for creating specific structures on silk film surfaces by modulating the bulging and ablation of organic materials. Unique surface morphologies such as bulges and craters with continuously varying diameters were generated based on the controlled ultrafast laser-induced crystal-form transition and plasma ablation of the silk protein. Owing to the anisotropic optical properties of the bulge/crater structures with different periods, the fabricated organic films can be used for large-scale inkless color printing. By simultaneously engineering bulge/crater structures, we designed and demonstrated organic film-based optical functional devices that achieves holographic imaging and optical focusing. This study provides a promising strategy for the fabrication of multifunctional micro/nanostructures that can broaden the potential applications of organic materials.

ObjectiveTo explore the association and predictive value of non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (Non-HDL-C), apolipoprotein B (ApoB) and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) with metabolic syndrome (MS) in adult rural residents of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region for facilitating early identification and prevention of MS in the residents. MethodsThe study enrolled 6 500 Uygur residents aged ≥ 18 years from 12 villages in the Kashgar region of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region (Xinjiang) using a multistage random cluster sampling method. Face-to-face interviews were conducted during July-August 2017 using a self-designed questionnaire, along with physical examinations and laboratory tests. Unconditional multivariate logistic regression analysis and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis were employed to assess the association between Non-HDL-C, ApoB, and LDL-C with MS, as well as to evaluate their predictive value for MS. ResultsThe analysis finally included a total of 5 156 participants, among whom 885 (17.2%) were identified as having MS. After adjusting for potential confounding factors including gender, age, education, smoking status, alcohol consumption, and body mass index, the results of multivariate unconditional logistic regression analysis revealed a significantly increased risk of MS among participants in the highest quartile of Non-HDL-C levels (odds ratio [OR] = 1.764; 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.350 – 2.305). Similarly, participants in the third and highest quartiles of ApoB had a higher risk compared to those in the lowest quartile (OR = 1.372; 95%CI: 1.048 – 1.798 and OR = 1.645; 95%CI: 1.273 – 2.124 respectively). Additionally, individuals in the highest quartile of LDL-C had an elevated risk compared to those in the lowest quartile (OR = 1.403; 95%CI: 1.080 – 1.823). The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis results revealed that Non-HDL-C, ApoB, and LDL-C had area under the curve (AUC) values of 0.654 (95%CI: 0.641 – 0.667), 0.608 (95%CI: 0.595 – 0.622), and 0.612 (95%CI: 0.592 – 0.633), respectively, as diagnostic indicators for metabolic syndrome in the study participants. Furthermore, Non-HDL-C demonstrated a significantly higher AUC compared to both ApoB and LDL-C (both P < 0.05). ConclusionThe prevalence of MS is relatively high among adult Uygur residents in rural Xinjiang, and Non-HDL-C demonstrates a stronger correlation and predictive value for MS compared to ApoB and LDL-C.

Objective To investigate the efficacy and safety of Venetoclax combined with Azacitidine in the treatment of high-risk myelodysplastic syndrome. Methods A total of 56 patients with high-risk myelodysplastic syndrome were enrolled from June 2019 to June 2022 in the Second Affiliated Hospital of Qiqihar Medical University.The patients were divided into a control group(n=30) and a study group(n=26) by simple random sampling.The control group received Azacitidine chemotherapy.The study group received Venetoclax combined with Azacitidine chemotherapy.The efficacy, adverse reactions, lactate dehydrogenase, β2 microglobulin, and folic acid were compared between the two groups. Results The overall response rate in the study group was higher than that in the control group(P0.05).After treatment, the serum levels of lactate dehydrogenase, β2 microglobulin and folic acid in the study group were all lower than those in the control group(P

Abstract Purpose This study aimed to investigate the association between cytochrome P450 (CYP) 3A4*22 and cytochrome P450 oxidoreductase (POR)*28 variations and the pharmacokinetics of tacrolimus. Methods Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL), Web of Science (SCI), MEDLINE, and Embase were systematically searched from inception to August 2022. The outcomes were weight-adjusted daily dose and dose-adjusted trough concentration (C0/Dose). Results The study included 2931 renal transplant recipients from 18 publications. Weight-adjusted daily dose of CYP3A4*1/*1 carriers was 0.04 (WMD = 0.04, 95% CI: 0.02 to 0.06), 0.03 (WMD = 0.03, 95% CI: 0.02 to 0.05), 0.02 (WMD = 0.02, 95% CI: 0.01 to 0.03), or 0.02 mg/kg/day (WMD = 0.02, 95% CI: 0.00 to 0.04) higher than CYP3A4*22 carriers in Caucasians at 1 month, 3 months, 6 months, or 12 months post-transplantation. Conversely, C0/Dose was lower for CYP3A4*1/*1 carriers at 3 days (SMD = -0.35, 95% CI: -0.65 to -0.06), 1 month (SMD = -0.67, 95% CI: -1.16 to -0.18), 3 months (SMD = -0.60, 95% CI: -0.89 to -0.31), 6 months (SMD = -0.76, 95% CI: -1.49 to -0.04), or 12 months post-transplantation (SMD = -0.69, 95% CI: -1.37 to 0.00). Furthermore, C0/Dose of POR*1/*1 carriers was 22.64 (WMD = 22.64, 95% CI: 2.54 to 42.74) or 19.41 (ng/ml)/(mg/kg/day) (WMD = 19.41, 95% CI: 9.58 to 29.24) higher than POR*28 carriers in CYP3A5 expressers at 3 days or 7 days post-transplantation, and higher in Asians at 6 months post-transplantation (SMD = 0.96, 95% CI: 0.50 to 1.43). Conclusions CYP3A4*22 variant in Caucasians restrains the metabolism of tacrolimus, while POR*28 variant in CYP3A5 expressers enhances the metabolism of tacrolimus for renal transplant recipients. However, further well-designed prospective studies are necessary to substantiate these conclusions given some limitations.

Abstract Background Missing data is frequently an inevitable issue in cohort studies and it can adversely affect the study's findings. We assess the effectiveness of eight frequently utilized statistical and machine learning (ML) imputation methods for dealing with missing data in predictive modelling of cohort study datasets. This evaluation is based on real data and predictive models for cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk. Methods The data is from a real-world cohort study in Xinjiang, China. It includes personal information, physical examination data, questionnaires, and laboratory biochemical results from 10,164 subjects with a total of 37 variables. Simple imputation (Simple), regression imputation (Regression), expectation-maximization(EM), multiple imputation (MICE) , K nearest neighbor classification (KNN), clustering imputation (Cluster), random forest (RF), and decision tree (Cart) were the chosen imputation methods. Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) and Mean Absolute Error (MAE) are utilised to assess the performance of different methods for missing data imputation at a missing rate of 20%. The datasets processed with different missing data imputation methods were employed to construct a CVD risk prediction model utilizing the support vector machine (SVM). The predictive performance was then compared using the area under the curve (AUC). Results The most effective imputation results were attained by KNN (MAE: 0.2032, RMSE: 0.7438, AUC: 0.730, CI: 0.719-0.741) and RF (MAE: 0.3944, RMSE: 1.4866, AUC: 0.777, CI: 0.769-0.785). The subsequent best performances were achieved by EM, Cart, and MICE, while Simple, Regression, and Cluster attained the worst performances. The CVD risk prediction model was constructed using the complete data (AUC:0.804, CI:0.796-0.812) in comparison with all other models with p

Abstract Background Metabolic dysfunction-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) is the most common chronic liver disease in China. Our study aimed to evaluate the screening value of the fatty liver index (FLI), hepatic steatosis index (HSI), lipid accumulation product (LAP), visceral adiposity index (VAI), and Zhejiang University index (ZJU), as well as other single indicators for MAFLD. We aimed to find the optimal screening tool and its appropriate cut-off values for rural Uyghur adults. Methods We completed a survey of 14,321 Uyghur adults in 51 groups in Kashgar, Xinjiang, in 2016 using a typical sampling method, with 12,794 patients ultimately included in statistical analyses. Fatty liver was diagnosed using ultrasonography. Results The prevalence of fatty liver disease (FLD) and MAFLD was 16.73% and 16.55%, respectively, and the FLI, HSI, LAP, VAI, and ZJU were all independently associated with an increased risk of MAFLD. The areas under the receiver operating characteristic curves (AUCs) of the FLI for diagnosing MAFLD in men and women were 0.853 and 0.847, respectively. The AUCs of the body mass index (BMI) for diagnosing MAFLD in men and women were 0.850 and 0.852, respectively. Compared with other metabolic-related markers, FLI had the largest AUC. In men, the optimal cut-off values of FLI and BMI for diagnosing MAFLD were 45 (sensitivity 84.83%, specificity 69.57%) and 27.4 (sensitivity 78.47%, specificity 76.30%), respectively. In women, the optimal cut-off values of FLI and BMI for diagnosing MAFLD were 45 (sensitivity 80.11%, specificity 74.23%) and 28.0 (sensitivity 79.56%, specificity 75.41%), respectively. In men and women, an FLI score of

ObjectiveTo explore the prevalence and influencing factors of chronic diseases and chronic multimorbidity among Uygur rural adult residents in Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps (Xinjiang). MethodsUsing typical sampling, we recruited 14 851 Uygur rural residents aged ≥ 18 years in Xinjiang and conducted face-to-face interview with a self-designed questionnaire, physical examination, and laboratory tests among the residents during August – September 2016. Multivariate logistic regression model was used to analyze influencing factors of chronic diseases and chronic multimorbidity among the residents. ResultsOf the 12 792 eligible participants, 8 937 (69.9%) were identified as having chronic diseases and 5 770 (45.1%) having chronic multimorbidity. The three diseases most frequently identified among the participants were metabolic syndrome (identified in 33.1% of the participants), dyslipidemia (30.8%), and hypertension (29.9%); the observed top three multimorbidities of two chronic conditions were dyslipidemia and hypertension (observed in 12.2% of the participants), metabolic syndrome and fatty liver (9.7%), and dyslipidemia and fatty liver (8.8%); and the observed top three multimorbidities of three chronic conditions were metabolic syndrome, dyslipidemia and fatty liver (6.8%), metabolic syndrome, hypertension and fatty liver (6.0%), and metabolic syndrome, hypertension and musculoskeletal disorder (4.4%). The results of multivariate logistic regression analysis revealed following risk factors for chronic diseases and chronic multimorbidity: aged 40 years or older, being married or divorced or widowed, with family history of chronic diseases, being obesity or overweight, and having central obesity; while, having the education of primary school and above was a protective factor against chronic diseases and chronic multimorbidity. ConclusionThe prevalence of chronic diseases and chronic multimorbidity were high and mainly influenced by age, education, marital status, family history of chronic disease, obesity or overweight, and central obesity among Uygur rural adults in Xinjiang.

ObjectiveTo construct a metabolic syndrome (MS) factors-based model for predicting the risk of coronary heart disease (CHD) among rural residents of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region (Xinjiang) for CHD prevention and treatment in the population. Methods Complete baseline information were collected through face-to-face questionnaire interview, physical examination and laboratory tests from 16 853 of 18 524 adult rural residents (aged ≥ 18 years) recruited with multistage stratified cluster random sampling at two counties of Xinjiang and a division of Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps during April 2010, December 2012 and November 2016. Subsequent follow-up surveys were carried out among the eligible participants from April 2013 to July 2021 and finally 3 647 participants with a follow-up period of five years and more (averagely 5.28 ± 1.67 years) and without CHD at the baseline survey were included in the analysis, of which, two-thirds (n = 9 155) were randomly assigned into a training set and one-third (n = 4 492) into a verification set. Factor analysis was performed base on the data of 3 206 MS sufferers identified in the participants of training set to explore potential clustering pattern of MS components and probable CHD-related factors. Multivariate Cox proportional risk regression analysis was used to construct prediction model for CHD risk and receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) analysis was adopted to evaluate the efficiency of the prediction model constructed. ResultsThe cumulative incidence of CHD was 4.94% for all the participants and for those of training and verification set. Training set data-based factor analysis revealed potential CHD-related factors for prediction model construction: obesity, blood pressure, blood lipid/glucose, renal metabolism, blood protein, liver enzyme, myocardial enzyme, and bilirubin and the 8 factors could explain 77.905% of the cumulative variance. Cox proportional hazard regression analysis showed that being female, at older age, obesity, low bilirubin, high blood pressure, and high blood lipid and glucose were risk factors of CHD for the participants of training and verification set. The area under the ROC curve (AUC) was 70.62 (95% confidence interval [95%CI]: 0.742 – 0.782) for the prediction derived from training set data and 0.774 (95%CI: 0.742 – 0.805) for the prediction derived from validation set data. ConclusionA MS factor-based prediction model for predicting CHD risk among rural residents in Xinjiang was constructed and the model could be used in CHD risk assessment and management in local population.

ObjectiveTo examine the relationship between exposure to residential green space and the incidence of cardiovascular disease (CVD) among rural residents in Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps (Xinjiang). MethodsTotally 12 813 rural residents aged ≥ 18 years and living in local regions at least one year were recruited with typical sampling in Xinjiang for a face-to-face baseline questionnaire survey during September 2016 and 9 659 of them without CVD and with complete residence information at the baseline survey were followed up four times in April 2019, June 2020, July 2021, and June 2022. Generalized linear model (GLMM) and Cox proportional hazards regression model were used to analyze the relationship between exposure to residential green space (measured with normalized difference vegetation index [NDVI] for the region between a participant′s residential location and the center of the residential area) and CVD incidence among the participants. Subgroup analysis was performed to explore potential impact of each stratification factor on the relationship between exposure to residential green space and CVD incidence risk. ResultsOf the 9 659 cohort participants, 9 004 were followed-up and 655 (6.78%) were lost to follow-up by the end of the study (June 2022). During the follow-up of 49 565.76 person-years (PYs) totally and 5.50 ± 1.09 PYs averagely among the 9 004 participants finally included in the analysis, overall 762 CVD cases were identified; the CVD incidence density was 153.73/10 000 PYs and the CVD cumulative incidence was 8.46%. The mean values of NDVI250 m, NDVI500 m, and NDVI1 000 m were 0.229 ± 0.068, 0.265 ± 0.067, and 0.298 ± 0.060 for the followed-up participants with CVD incidence and 0.242 ± 0.063, 0.278 ± 0.060, and 0.308 ± 0.053 for those without CVD, respectively, with significant differences in the NDVI values between the two groups (all P < 0.001). After adjusting for gender, age, education, marital status, physical activity and particulate matter less than 2.5 microns in aerodynamic diameter (PM2.5), the results of GLMM model analysis revealed the β coefficients of – 0.200, – 0.169, and – 0.200 for CVD incidence associated with each quartile increase in the values of NDVI250 m, NDVI500 m, and NDVI1 000 m. The results of Cox proportional hazards regression model analysis also showed that each quartile increase in the values of NDVI250 m, NDVI500 m, and NDVI1 000 m was associated with 14.4% (hazard risk [HR] = 0.856, 95% confidence interval [95%CI]: 0.798 – 0.919), 14.3% (HR = 0.857, 95%CI: 0.800 – 0.918), and 16.7% (HR = 0.833, 95%CI: 0.755 – 0.896) reduction in CVD incidence risk. After adjusting for gender, age, education, marital status, physical activity and PM2.5 (except for when used as a stratifica-tion variable), subgroup analysis results further demonstrated that each quartile increase in the values of NDVI250 m, NDVI500 m, and NDVI1 000 m was associated with much higher reduction of 20.7% (HR = 0.793, 95%CI: 0.720 – 0.874), 20.1% (HR = 0.797, 95%CI: 0.726 – 0.875) and 24.1% (HR = 0.759, 95%CI: 0.688 – 0.837) in CVD incidence risk for the followed participants aged 50 years and younger; and for the followed participants with higher intensity of physical activity, each quartile increase in the values of NDVI250 m was associated with a 28.9% (HR = 0.711，95%CI: 0.613 – 0.825) reduction in CVD incidence risk. ConclusionHigher exposure to residential green space could be associated with reduced CVD incidence risk among rural residents in Xinjiang.

Abstract Background Leukemia is a threat to human health, and there are relatively few studies on the incidence, mortality and disease burden analysis of leukemia in China. This study aimed to analyze the incidence and mortality rates of leukemia in China from 2005 to 2017 and estimate their age-period-cohort effects, it is an important prerequisite for effective prevention and control of leukemia. Methods Leukemia incidence and mortality data from 2005 to 2017 were collected from the Chinese Cancer Registry Annual Report. Joinpoint regression model was used to estimate the average annual percentage change (AAPC) and annual percentage change (APC) response time trend. Age-period-cohort model was constructed to analyze the effects of age, period and cohort. Results The age-standardized incidence rate of leukemia was 4.54/100,000 from 2005 to 2017, showed an increasing trend with AAPC of 1.9% (95% CI: 1.3%, 2.5%). The age-standardized mortality rate was 2.91/100,000, showed an increasing trend from 2005 to 2012 with APC of 2.1% (95%CI: 0.4%, 3.9%) and then a decreasing trend from 2012 to 2017 with APC of -2.5% (95%CI: -5.3%, 0.3%). The age-standardized incidence (mortality) rates of leukemia were not only higher in males than that in females, but also increased more rapidly. The incidence of leukemia in rural areas was lower than in urban areas, but the AAPC was 2.2 times higher than urban areas. Children aged 0–4 years were at higher risk of leukemia. The risk of leukemia incidence and mortality increased with age. The period effect of leukemia mortality risk showed a decreasing trend, while the cohort effect showed an increasing and then decreasing trend with the turning point of 1955–1959. Conclusions The age-standardized incidence rate of leukemia in China showed an increasing trend from 2005 to 2017, while the age-standardized mortality rate increased first and then decreased in 2012 as a turning point. Differences existed by gender and region. The risk of leukemia incidence and mortality increased accordingly with age. The risk of mortality due to leukemia gradually decreased from 2005 to 2017. Leukemia remains a public health problem that requires continuous attention.

Abstract Photonic crystals are utilized in many noteworthy applications like optical communications, light flow control, and quantum optics. Photonic crystal with nanoscale structure is important for the manipulation of light propagation in visible and near-infrared range. Herein, we propose a novel multi beam lithography method to fabricate photonic crystal with nanoscale structure without cracking. Using multi-beam ultrafast laser processing and etching, parallel channels with subwavelength gap are obtained in yttrium aluminum garnet crystal. Combining optical simulation based on Debye diffraction, we experimentally show the gap width of parallel channels can be controlled at nanoscale by changing phase holograms. With the superimposed phase hologram designing, functional structures of complicated channel arrays distribution can be created in crystal. Optical gratings of different periods are fabricated, which can diffract incident light in particular ways. This approach can efficiently manufacture nanostructures with controllable gap, and offer an alternative to the fabrication of complex photonic crystal for integrated photonics applications.

Abstract Objectives Understanding the spatio-temporal patterns of the global burden of various diseases resulting from lead exposure is critical for controlling lead pollution and disease prevention. Methods Based on the 2019 Global Burden of Disease (GBD) framework and methodology, the global, regional, and national burden of 13 level-three diseases attributable to lead exposure were analyzed by disease type, patient age and sex, and year of occurrence. Population attributable fraction (PAF), deaths and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs), age-standardized mortality rate (ASMR) and age-standardized DALYs rate (ASDR) obtained from the GBD 2019 database were used as descriptive indicators, and the average annual percentage change (AAPC) was estimated by a log-linear regression model to reflect the time trend. Results and conclusions From 1990 to 2019, the number of deaths and DALYs resulting from lead exposure increased by 70.19% and 35.26%, respectively; however, the ASMR and ASDR decreased by 20.66% and 29.23%, respectively. Ischemic heart disease (IHD), stroke, and hypertensive heart disease (HHD) showed the highest increases in deaths; IHD, stroke, and diabetes and kidney disease (DKD) had the fastest-growing DALYs. The fastest decline in ASMR and ASDR was seen in stroke, with AAPCs of -1.25 (95% CI [95% confidence interval]: -1.36, -1.14) and -1.66 (95% CI: -1.76, -1.57), respectively. High PAFs occurred mainly in South Asia, East Asia, the Middle East, and North Africa. Age-specific PAFs of DKD resulting from lead exposure were positively correlated with age, whereas the opposite was true for mental disorders (MD), with the burden of lead-induced MD concentrated in children aged 0–6 years. The AAPCs of ASMR and ASDR showed a strong negative correlation with the socio-demographic index. Our findings showed that the global impact of lead exposure and its burden increased from 1990 to 2019 and varied significantly according to age, sex, region, and resulting disease. Effective public health measures and policies should be adopted to prevent and control lead exposure.

Abstract Purpose With the increase in aging and cardiovascular risk factors, the morbidity and mortality of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD), represented by ischemic heart disease and stroke, continue to rise in China. For better prevention and intervention, relevant guidelines recommend using predictive models for early detection of ASCVD high-risk groups. Therefore, this study aims to establish a population ASCVD prediction model in rural areas of Xinjiang using survival analysis. Methods Baseline cohort data were collected from September to December 2016 and followed up till June 2022. A total of 7975 residents (4054 males and 3920 females) aged 30–74 years were included in the analysis. The data set was divided according to different genders, and the training and test sets ratio was 7:3 for different genders. A Cox regression, Lasso-Cox regression, and random survival forest (RSF) model were established in the training set. The model parameters were determined by cross-validation and parameter tuning and then verified in the training set. Traditional ASCVD prediction models (Framingham and China-PAR models) were constructed in the test set. Different models' discrimination and calibration degrees were compared to find the optimal prediction model for this population according to different genders and further analyze the risk factors of ASCVD. Results After 5.79 years of follow-up, 873 ASCVD events with a cumulative incidence of 10.19% were found (7.57% in men and 14.44% in women). By comparing the discrimination and calibration degrees of each model, the RSF showed the best prediction performance in males and females (male: Area Under Curve (AUC) 0.791 (95%CI 0.767,0.813), C statistic 0.780 (95%CI 0.730,0.829), Brier Score (BS):0.060, female: AUC 0.759 (95%CI 0.734,0.783) C statistic was 0.737 (95%CI 0.702,0.771), BS:0.110). Age, systolic blood pressure (SBP), apolipoprotein B (APOB), Visceral Adiposity Index (VAI), hip circumference (HC), and plasma arteriosclerosis index (AIP) are important predictors of ASCVD in the rural population of Xinjiang. Conclusion The performance of the ASCVD prediction model based on the RSF algorithm is better than that based on Cox regression, Lasso-Cox, and the traditional ASCVD prediction model in the rural population of Xinjiang.

We study static kink solutions in a generalized two-dimensional dilaton gravity model, where the kinetic term of the dilaton is generalized to be an arbitrary function of the canonical one X=−12(∇φ)2, say F(X), and the kink is generated by a canonical scalar matter field ϕ. It is found that for arbitrary F(X), the background field equations have a simple first-order formalism, and the linear perturbation equation can always be written as a Schrödinger-like equation with factorizable Hamiltonian operator. After choosing appropriate F(X) and superpotential, we obtain a sine-Gordon type kink solution with pure AdS2 metric. The linear perturbation issue of this solution becomes an exactly solvable conformal quantum mechanics problem, if one of the model parameter takes a critical value.

Titanium dioxide (TiO2) composites are popular photocatalysts for hydrogen production from water. Here we report a composite consisting of S and N co-doped graphene quantum dots (SN-GQDs) with (001)TiO2 for photocatalytic hydrogen production. In addition to traditional advantages like light absorption promotion and charge transfer improvement, the as-prepared SN-GQDs/(001)TiO2 composite could significantly enhance the surface reaction by promotion of the formation of hydroxyl radicals, which results in the increase of the hydrogen production activity by 40 times. This work reveals the importance of surface reaction promotion by GQDs for hydrogen production, which will help researchers understand relevant systems comprehensively.

BackgroundThis study aimed to assess the association of baseline insulin resistance (IR) surrogates and their longitudinal trajectories with cardiovascular diseases (CVD) to provide a useful reference for preventing CVD.MethodsThis study was a prospective cohort study conducted in the 51st Regiment of the Third Division of Xinjiang Corps. A total of 6362 participants were recruited in 2016 to conduct the baseline survey, and the follow-up surveys in 2019, 2020, 2021, and 2022. The Kaplan–Meier method was used to estimate the cumulative incidence of CVD according to the baseline IR surrogates of metabolic insulin resistance score (METS-IR) and triglyceride-glucose (TyG) index. Cox regression models were used to assess the association between the baseline IR surrogates and CVD. The impact of the longitudinal trajectories of the IR surrogates on CVD was analyzed after excluding those with IR surrogate data measured ≤2 times. Based on the group-based trajectory model (GBTM), the trajectory patterns of IR surrogates were determined. The Kaplan-Meier method was used to estimate the cumulative incidence of CVD in each trajectory group of METS-IR and TyG index. Cox regression models were used to analyze the association between different trajectory groups of each index and CVD. In addition, the Framingham model was utilized to evaluate whether the addition of the baseline IR surrogates increased the predictive potential of the model.ResultsBaseline data analysis included 4712 participants. During a median follow-up of 5.66 years, 572 CVD events were recorded (mean age, 39.42 ± 13.67 years; males, 42.9%). The cumulative CVD incidence increased with the ascending baseline METS-IR and TyG index quartiles (Q1–Q4). The hazard ratio and 95% confidence interval for CVD risk in Q4 of the METS-IR and TyG index were 1.79 (1.25, 2.58) and 1.66 (1.28, 2.17), respectively, when compared with Q1. 4343 participants were included in the trajectory analysis, based on the longitudinal change patterns of the METS-IR and TyG index, the following three trajectory groups were identified: low-increasing, moderate-stable, and elevated-increasing groups. Multivariate Cox regression revealed that the hazard ratio (95% confidence interval) for CVD risk in the elevated-increasing trajectory group of the METS-IR and TyG index was 2.13 (1.48, 3.06) and 2.63 (1.68, 4.13), respectively, when compared with the low-rising group. The C-index, integrated discrimination improvement value, and net reclassification improvement value were enhanced after adding the baseline METS-IR and TyG index values to the Framingham model (P

Chemical investigation of marine fungus Nigrospora oryzae SYSU-MS0024 cultured on solid-rice medium led to the isolation of three new alkaloids, including a pair of epimers, nigrosporines A (1) and B (2), and a pair of enantiomers, (+)-nigrosporine C (+)-3, and (−)-nigrosporine C (−)-3, together with eight known compounds (4–11). Their structures were elucidated based on extensive mass spectrometry (MS) and 1D/2D nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopic analyses and compared with data in the literature. The absolute configurations of compounds 1–3 were determined by a combination of electronic circular dichroism (ECD) calculations, Mosher’s method, and X-ray single-crystal diffraction technique using Cu Kα radiation. In bioassays, compound 2 exhibited moderate inhibition on NO accumulation induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) on BV-2 cells in a dose-dependent manner at 20, 50, and 100 μmol/L and without cytotoxicity in a concentration of 100.0 μmol/L. Moreover, compound 2 also showed moderate acetylcholinesterase (AChE) inhibitory activities with IC50 values of 103.7 μmol/L. Compound 5 exhibited moderate antioxidant activity with EC50 values of 167.0 μmol/L.

Abstract Background Gallbladder disease (GBD) can increase the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). However, GBD has rarely been reported in the less developed, rural areas of Xinjiang. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of GBD and incidence of CVD in a prospective cohort study in rural Xinjiang. Moreover, the study aimed to explore the association between GBD and CVD within this cohort. Methods The study cohort included 11,444 Uyghur adults in Xinjiang, 3rd division, from the 51st Mission. Study groups were classified according to whether GBD was present or absent at baseline. The occurrence of CVD was the end event. Demographic, anthropometric, and biochemical data were recorded, and the incidence of CVD in the GBD and non-GBD groups analysed. Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to assess the association between GBD and CVD and factors associated with their incidence. Several subgroup analyses were performed to assess CVD incidence in different subgroups. The interaction between GBD and cardiometabolic risk factors, and subsequent risk of developing CVD, was evaluated. Results Prevalence of GBD in the study cohort was 10.29%. After a median follow-up of 4.92 years, the cumulative incidence of CVD in the study cohort was 10.49%, 8.43% in males and 12.65% in females. CVD incidence was higher in the GBD group (34.04% vs. 7.78%, HR = 4.96, 95% CI: 4.40–5.59). After multivariate adjustment, the risk of CVD remained higher in the GBD group (HR = 2.89, 95% CI: 2.54–3.29). Subgroup analyses showed male sex, smoking, alcohol consumption, lack of exercise, and abnormal renal function were all associated with increased risk of CVD. Moreover, the risk of CVD was markedly higher in GBD combined with cardiometabolic risk factors (hypertension, T2DM, dyslipidaemia, overweight, and abdominal obesity), than in cardiometabolic risk factors alone and this was higher in the GBD group than in the non-GBD group regardless of whether cardiometabolic risk factors were combined. Conclusion GBD is an important independent risk factor for CVD development. Awareness of these associations will raise concerns among clinicians about the risk of cardiovascular disease in patients with GBD.

Objective To evaluate intervention effect of health education on gallstone disease in Uygur rural residents of Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps (Xinjiang Corps) , and to provide a reference for the prevention and control of gallstone disease in the population. MethodsThe participants of the study were adult ( ≥ 18 years) Uygur people residing at least one year in four randomly-selected rural areas (two as intervention group and two as control group) under administrative of Xinjiang Corps. A 2-year gallstone disease-related health education program (including publicity of basic knowledge, on-site consultation, dissemination of propaganda materials in Uygur and Chinese, and lectures of 30-minutes long every 3 – 4 months) was conducted only among the participants in intervention group. With a self-designed questionnaire on gallstone disease related knowledge, attitude and practice (KAP), two waves of face-to-face interview were performed among 1 612 participants of intervention group and 744 controls before the intervention during June – July 2019 and 799 intervened participants and 580 controls by the end of intervention during July – September 2021. The status and changes of KAP about gallstone disease among the participants of intervention and control groups were analyzed and compared. ResultsBefore the intervention, there were no significant differences in total score and dimensional scores of KAP between the intervention group and the control group (all P > 0.05). After the intervention, significantly higher total KAP score (3.02 ± 4.23 vs. 1.79 ± 2.89) and scores of knowledge (1.53 ± 2.21 vs. 0.88 ± 1.53), attitude (0.98 ± 1.35 vs. 0.61 ± 1.04) and practice (0.52 ± 1.08 vs. 0.30 ± 0.92) were observed among the intervened participants compared to those in the controls (all P < 0.01). After the intervention, significantly higher proportions of intervened participants reported being aware of general knowledge (12.6% vs. 7.4%), with appropriate attitude (14.0% vs. 8.6%) and adopting healthy behaviors (7.4% vs. 4.3%) about gallstone disease in comparison with the controls (all P < 0.05) but there were no significant differences in the proportions between the intervention group and control group before the intervention (all P > 0.05). Conclusion The health education program effectively improved the knowledge, attitude and practice about gallstone disease among rural Uygur residents in Xinjiang Corps.

Abstract Obesity and insulin resistance are significant contributors to hypertension. There is a high prevalence of obesity among Uyghurs in the rural areas of Xinjiang, China. Therefore, this study aimed to explore the association between insulin resistance indices and hypertension according to different body weights in rural Uyghur residents of Xinjiang, China. A total of 12 813 local Uyghur residents were recruited for the study. Excluding those with incomplete data and those using antihypertensive, lipid‐lowering, or glycemic drugs, 9577 permanent residents were eligible for the study. Three insulin resistance indicators were calculated: triglyceride to high‐density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio, product of fasting triglyceride and glucose (TYG), and metabolic score for insulin resistance. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to estimate the association between the three non‐insulin‐based insulin resistance indices and the risk of hypertension for different body weights. TYG was significantly associated with hypertension in the normal‐weight group, particularly in women. In the obese group that was obese, all three indicators were associated with hypertension. Since TYG was associated with hypertension in the groups with normal weight and obesity, it may be useful as a reference indicator for insulin resistance. This indicator may provide a basis for the identification and management of hypertension risk among adults in the Uyghur population.

Abstract Background This study aimed to compare the ability of certain obesity-related indicators to identify metabolic syndrome (MetS) among normal-weight adults in rural Xinjiang. Methods A total of 4315 subjects were recruited in rural Xinjiang. The questionnaire, biochemical and anthropometric data were collected from them. Binary logistic regression was used to analyze the association between the z-score of each index and MetS. The area under the receiver-operating characteristic (ROC) curves were used to compare the diagnostic ability of each index. According to the cut-off value of each index, nomogram models were established and their diagnostic ability were evaluated. Results After adjusting for confounding factors, each indicator in different genders was correlated with MetS. Triglyceride-glucose index (TyG index) showed the strongest association with MetS in both males (OR = 3.749, 95%CI: 3.173–4.429) and females (OR = 3.521,95%CI: 2.990–4.148). Lipid accumulation product (LAP) showed the strongest diagnostic ability in both males (AUC = 0.831, 95%CI: 0.806–0.856) and females (AUC = 0.842, 95%CI: 0.820–0.864), and its optimal cut-off values were 39.700 and 35.065, respectively. The identification ability of the TyG index in different genders (males AUC: 0.817, females AUC: 0.817) was slightly weaker than LAP. Waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) had the similar AUC (males: 0.717, females: 0.747) to conicity index (CI) (males: 0.734, females: 0.749), whereas the identification ability of a body shape index (ABSI) (males AUC: 0.700, females AUC: 0.717) was relatively weak. Compared with the diagnostic ability of a single indicator, the AUC of the male nomogram model was 0.876 (95%CI: 0.856–0.895) and the AUC of the female model was 0.877 (95%CI: 0.856–0.896). The identification ability had been significantly improved. Conclusion LAP and TyG index are effective indicators for identifying MetS among normal-weight adults in rural Xinjiang. Nomogram models including age, CI, LAP, and TyG index can significantly improve diagnostic ability.

Abstract Purpose To explore the association between waist circumference (WC), estimated cardiopulmonary function (eCRF), and cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk in southern Xinjiang. Update the Framingham model to make it more suitable for the southern Xinjiang population. Methods Data were collected from 7705 subjects aged 30–74 years old in Tumushuke City, the 51st Regiment of Xinjiang Production and Construction Corps. CVD was defined as an individual's first diagnosis of non-fatal acute myocardial infarction, death from coronary heart disease, and fatal or non-fatal stroke. The Cox proportional hazards regression analysis was used to analyze the association between WC, eCRF and CVD risk. Restricted cubic spline plots were drawn to describe the association of the two indicators with CVD risk. We update the model by incorporating the new variables into the Framingham model and re-estimating the coefficients. The discrimination of the model is evaluated using AUC, NRI, and IDI metrics. Model calibration is evaluated using pseudo R2 values. Results WC was an independent risk factor for CVD (multivariate HR: 1.603 (1.323, 1.942)), eCRF was an independent protective factor for CVD (multivariate HR: 0.499 (0.369, 0.674)). There was a nonlinear relationship between WC and CVD risk (nonlinear χ2 = 12.43, P = 0.002). There was a linear association between eCRF and CVD risk (non-linear χ2 = 0.27, P = 0.6027). In the male, the best risk prediction effect was obtained when WC and eCRF were added to the model (AUC = 0.763((0.734,0.792)); pseudo R 2 = 0.069). In the female, the best risk prediction effect was obtained by adding eCRF to the model (AUC = 0.757 (0.734,0.779); pseudo R 2 = 0.107). Conclusion In southern Xinjiang, WC is an independent risk factor for CVD. eCRF is an independent protective factor for CVD. We recommended adding WC and eCRF in the male model and only eCRF in the female model for better risk prediction.

Abstract Multifunctional nanoaggregates are widely used in cancer phototheranostics. However, it is challenging to construct their multifunctionality with a single component, and deliver them rapidly and efficiently without complex modifications. Herein, a NIR‐absorbing small molecule named TBT‐2(TP‐DPA) is designed and certify its theranostic potentials. Then, their nanoaggregates, which are simply encapsulated by DSPE‐PEG, demonstrate a photothermal efficiency of 51% while keeping a high photoluminescence quantum yield in the NIR region. Moreover, the nanoaggregates can be excited and delivered by an 808 nm pulse laser to solid tumors within only 40 min. The delivery efficiency and theranostic efficacy are better than that of the traditional enhanced permeability and retention (EPR) effect (generally longer than 24 hours). This platform is first termed as the photoinduced thermoacoustic (PTA) process, and confirm its application requires both NIR‐responsive materials and pulse laser irradiation. This study not only inspires the design of multifunctional nanoaggregates, but also offers a feasible approach to their fast delivery. The platform reported here provides a promising prospect to boost the development of multifunctional theranostic drugs and maximize the efficacy of used medicines for their clinical applications.

We give a simple polynomial-time approximation algorithm for the total variation distance between two product distributions.

Abstract Background Nitrogen (N) is a major element and fundamental constituent of grain yield. N fertilizer plays an essential role in the roots, shoots, and leaves of crop plants. Here, we obtained two N-sensitive potato cultivars. Results The plants were cultivated in the pots using N-deficient and N-sufficient conditions. Crop height, leaf chlorophyll content, dry matter, and N-accumulation significantly decreased under N-deficient conditions. Furthermore, we performed a comprehensive analysis of the phenotype and transcriptome, GO terms, and KEGG pathways. We used WGCNA of co-expressed genes, and 116 differentially expressed hub genes involved in photosynthesis, nitrogen metabolism, and secondary metabolites to generate 23 modules. Among those modules, six NRT gene families, four pigment genes, two auxin-related genes, and two energy-related genes were selected for qRT-PCR validation. Conclusions Overall, our study demonstrates the co-expressed genes and potential pathways associated with N transport and accumulation in potato cultivars’ roots, shoots, and leaves under N-deficient conditions. Therefore, this study provides new ideas to conduct further research on improving nitrogen use efficiency in potatoes.

Abstract Skin-inspired soft and stretchable electronic devices based on functional nanomaterials have broad applications such as health monitoring, human–machine interface, and the Internet of things. Solution-processed conductive nanocomposites have shown great promise as a building block of soft and stretchable electronic devices. However, realizing conductive nanocomposites with high conductivity, electromechanical stability, and low modulus over a large area at sub-100 μm resolution remains challenging. Here, we report a moldable, transferrable, high-performance conductive nanocomposite comprised of an interpenetrating network of silver nanowires and poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene): poly(styrenesulfonate). The stacked structure of the nanocomposite synergistically integrates the complementary electrical and mechanical properties of the individual components. We patterned the nanocomposite via a simple, low-cost micromolding process and then transferred the patterned large-area electrodes onto various substrates to realize soft, skin-interfaced electrophysiological sensors. Electrophysiological signals measured using the nanocomposite electrodes exhibit a higher signal-to-noise ratio than standard gel electrodes. The nanocomposite design and fabrication approach presented here can be broadly employed for soft and stretchable electronic devices.

Superfine wool powder is obtained from waste wool fiber by physical grinding. Its physicochemical properties are different from those of wool fiber, and it is widely used in industry. In order to clarify the dyeing behavior of wool powder, C. I. Reactive Yellow 145 dye was used to dye wool powder, and the adsorption kinetics and thermodynamics were systematically studied in this work. The adsorption kinetics of reactive dye on wool powder was found to adhere to a pseudo-second-order kinetic model. At 60, 80 and 95°C, the half-dyeing time (t1/2) and diffusion coefficient were 2.37, 1.56 and 1.00 min, and 0.2045, 0.1611 and 0.1368 cm2·min−1, respectively. And the diffusion activation energy was −11.82 kJ·mol−1. A Langmuir-type adsorption isotherm was obtained. At 60, 80 and 95°C, the standard affinity was 18.17, 20.06 and 20.82 kJ·mol−1, respectively. And the dyeing enthalpy change and dyeing entropy change were 7.27 kJ·mol−1 and 0.077 kJ·mol−1·K−1, respectively. In addition, the specific surface area, morphology and dyeing properties of wool fiber were compared. Through the study on the dyeing physicochemical properties of wool powder, it provides a theoretical basis for people to understand and use wool powder.

Fabricating heterostructures with abundant interfaces and delicate nanoarchitectures is an attractive approach for optimizing photocatalysts. Herein, we report the facile synthesis of BiOCl nanoflake/FeOCl nanospindle heterostructures through a solution chemistry method at room temperature. Characterizations, including XRD, SEM, TEM, EDS, and XPS, were employed to investigate the synthesized materials. The results demonstrate that the in situ reaction between the Bi precursors and the surface Cl− of FeOCl enabled the bounded nucleation and growth of BiOCl on the surface of FeOCl nanospindles. Stable interfacial structures were established between BiOCl nanoflakes and FeOCl nanospindles using Cl− as the bridge. Regulating the Bi-to-Fe ratios allowed for the optimization of the BiOCl/FeOCl interface, thereby facilitating the separation of photogenerated carriers and accelerating the photocatalytic degradation of RhB. The BiOCl/FeOCl heterostructures with an optimal composition of 15% BiOCl exhibited ~90 times higher visible-light photocatalytic activity than FeOCl. Based on an analysis of the band structures and reactive oxygen species, we propose an S-scheme mechanism to elucidate the significantly enhanced photocatalytic performance observed in the BiOCl/FeOCl heterostructures.

Cotton fiber is a very rich natural polysaccharide material in nature, which is usually dyed with reactive dyes. However, a large number of salts remain in the dye bath waste, polluting the ecological environment. In this study, the salt-free dyeing of cationic dyes on carboxymethyl cotton fabric modified with sodium chloroacetate was carried out under the conditions of pH 7, initial dye concentration 0.5–10% owf, and liquor ratio 1:100. The results demonstrated that the cationic dyes were successfully adsorbed on the modified cotton fabric in the absence of salt, but the dyeing fastness was low. Furthermore, the adsorption thermodynamics and kinetics were investigated. The adsorption kinetics was found to follow the pseudo-second-order kinetic model, and the adsorption isotherm obtained was identified to be the Langmuir type. These results will help us to realize the salt-free dyeing of carboxymethyl modified cotton fabric in the future.

Background A body shape index (ABSI) has been proven to be related to a population’s CVD incidence. However, the application of this indicator has produced different results. Aim This study aimed to evaluate the applicability of the ABSI in predicting the incidence of CVD in rural Xinjiang, China, and compare it with waist circumference (WC), waist-to-hip ratio (WHR), waist-to-height ratio (WHtR), and body mass index (BMI). Subjects and methods 5375 people aged 18 years or older were included in the study. We used the Cox proportional hazard model to evaluate the relationship between WC, WHR, WHtR, BMI, and ABSI and the incidence of CVD, the area under the curve (AUC) to evaluate the predictive power of each anthropometric index for the incidence of CVD, and restricted cubic splines are used to analyse the trend relationship between anthropometric indicators and the incidence of CVD. Results After multivariate adjustment, standardised WC, WHR, WHtR, BMI, and ABSI all positively correlated with the incidence of CVD. WC had the highest HR (95% CI) value, 1.64 (1.51–1.78), and AUC (95% CI) value, 0.7743 (0.7537–0.7949). ABSI had the lowest HR (95% CI) value, 1.21(1.10–1.32), and AUC (95% CI) value, 0.7419 (0.7208–0.7630). In the sex-specific sensitivity analysis, the predictive ability of traditional anthropometric indicators for the incidence of CVD is higher than that of ABSI. Conclusions In the rural areas of Xinjiang, the traditional anthropometric indicators of WC had better ability to predict the incidence of CVD than ABSI.

In situ self-assembly of semiconducting emitters into multilayer cracks is a significant solution-processing method to fabricate organic high-Q lasers. However, it is still difficult to realize from conventional conjugated polymers. Herein, we create the molecular super-hindrance-etching technology, based on the π-functional nanopolymer PG-Cz, to modulate multilayer cracks applied in organic single-component random lasers. Massive interface cracks are formed by promoting interchain disentanglement with the super-steric hindrance effect of π-interrupted main chains, and multilayer morphologies with photonic-crystal-like ordering are also generated simultaneously during the drop-casting method. Meanwhile, the enhancement of quantum yields on micrometer-thick films (Φ = 40% to 50%) ensures high-efficient and ultrastable deep-blue emission. Furthermore, a deep-blue random lasing is achieved with narrow linewidths ~0.08 nm and high-quality factors Q ≈ 5,500 to 6,200. These findings will offer promising pathways of organic π-nanopolymers for the simplification of solution processes applied in lasing devices and wearable photonics.

Scintillator is a critical component to detect high‐energy particles or rays, which is widely used in deep space exploration, security inspection, and nondestructive testing and medical diagnosis, such as X‐ray imaging and computed tomography (CT). However, the wider application of traditional inorganic and organic scintillators is limited by the complex operation process or poor adaptability to changeable environment, and there remains a demand to develop green and stable scintillators with high sensitivity and low detection limit. Herein, the one‐step preparation of lead‐free perovskite Cs3Cu2I5 scintillator film for high‐definition X‐ray imaging by conventional chemical vapor deposition method is reported. Cs3Cu2I5 demonstrates good stability and bright‐blue emission at 445 nm and superhigh photoluminescence quantum yield (85.14%). Importantly, upon X‐ray irradiation, the Cs3Cu2I5 perovskite film exhibits light yield (≈39 251 photons MeV−1) as high as two times of the commercially available Ce:LuAG single‐crystal scintillator (≈22 000 photons MeV−1). Furthermore, the practical demonstration for a bamboo stick and insect specimens illustrates sensitive scintillation response to X‐ray signals with superior linearity and high‐quality images in X‐ray photography and CT. Overall, Cs3Cu2I5 film provides nontoxicity, high radioluminescence intensity, and good stability, it can be regarded as a competitive material for X‐ray imaging.

Abstract Background This study aimed to describe the prevalence of metabolically healthy obesity (MHO) and metabolically unhealthy normal weight (MUNW) rural adults in Xinjiang and to explore their influencing factors. Methods We selected 13,525 Uyghur, Kazakh and Han participants in Kashi, Yili and Shihezi areas in Xinjiang from 2009 to 2010. Weight status was classified according to body mass index. Metabolic phenotype was further defined based on the National Cholesterol Education Program Adult Treatment Panel III criteria. Results The prevalence of normal weight, overweight, and obesity were 51.6, 30.2, and 14.4%, respectively. The mean age of the population was 45.04 years. The prevalence of MHO was 5.5% overall and was 38.5% among obese participants. The prevalence of MUNW was 15.5% overall and was 30.1% among normal weight participants. A metabolically healthy phenotype among obese individuals was positively associated with females and vegetable consumption ≥4 plates per week. However, this was inversely associated with higher age, red meat consumption ≥2 kg per week, and larger waist circumference (WC). Conversely, a metabolically unhealthy phenotype among normal-weight individuals was positively associated with higher age, red meat consumption ≥2 kg per week, and larger WC; this was however inversely associated with vegetable consumption ≥4 plates per week. Conclusions The prevalence of MHO among obese adults in Xinjiang is higher than that of Han adults, while the prevalence of MUNW among normal weight adults is lower than that among Han adults. In obese and normal weight participants, higher age, more red meat consumption, and larger WC increase the risk of metabolic abnormality, and more vegetable consumption reduces the risk of metabolic abnormality.

E-bike, characterized as a low-carbon and health-beneficial active travel mode, is gradually becoming popular in China. Although built environment factors are considered to be key parameters that can facilitate or hinder active transportation, such as cycling or walking, few studies have explored the impact of built environment on e-bikes. To fill this gap, this study was the first to explore the relationship between e-bike usage and built environment factors based on population level travel survey in central Jinan, China. Both macro and micro levels of built environment were measured using multi-source data. We employed ordinary least squares (OLS) and geographically weighted regression (GWR) models to explore the aggregation patterns of e-bike trips. Besides, the local Moran's I was employed to classify the aggregation patterns of e-bike trips into four types. The results from OLS model showed that eye-level greenery, building floor area, road density and public service POI were positive significantly related to e-bike trips, while open sky index and NDVI had negative association with e-bike trips. The usage of GWR model provided more subtle results, which revealed significant spatial heterogeneity on the impacts of different built environment parameters. Road density and public service POI posed positive effects on e-bike travel while NDVI and open sky index were found mainly pose negative impacts on e-bike travel. Moreover, we found similar coefficient distribution patterns of eye-level greenery, building floor area and distance to bus stop. Therefore, tailored planning interventions and policies can be developed to facilitate e-bike travel and promote individual's health level.

BackgroundCardiovascular diseases (CVD) are currently the leading cause of premature death worldwide. Model-based early detection of high-risk populations for CVD is the key to CVD prevention. Thus, this research aimed to use machine learning (ML) algorithms to establish a CVD prediction model based on routine physical examination indicators suitable for the Xinjiang rural population.MethodThe research cohort data collection was divided into two stages. The first stage involved a baseline survey from 2010 to 2012, with follow-up ending in December 2017. The second-phase baseline survey was conducted from September to December 2016, and follow-up ended in August 2021. A total of 12,692 participants (10,407 Uyghur and 2,285 Kazak) were included in the study. Screening predictors and establishing variable subsets were based on least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (Lasso) regression, logistic regression forward partial likelihood estimation (FLR), random forest (RF) feature importance, and RF variable importance. The selected subset of variables was compared with L1 regularized logistic regression (L1-LR), RF, support vector machine (SVM), and AdaBoost algorithm to establish a CVD prediction model suitable for this population. The incidence of CVD in this population was then analyzed.ResultAfter 4.94 years of follow-up, a total of 1,176 people were diagnosed with CVD (cumulative incidence: 9.27%). In the comparison of discrimination and calibration, the prediction performance of the subset of variables selected based on FLR was better than that of other models. Combining the results of discrimination, calibration, and clinical validity, the prediction model based on L1-LR had the best prediction performance. Age, systolic blood pressure, low-density lipoprotein-L/high-density lipoproteins-C, triglyceride blood glucose index, body mass index, and body adiposity index were all important predictors of the onset of CVD in the Xinjiang rural population.ConclusionIn the Xinjiang rural population, the prediction model based on L1-LR had the best prediction performance.

Abstract Background Parasites of the genus Trichinella are the pathogenic agents of trichinellosis, which is a widespread and severe foodborne parasitic disease. Trichinella spiralis resides primarily in mammalian skeletal muscle cells. After invading the cells of the host organism, T. spiralis must elude or invalidate the host’s innate and adaptive immune responses to survive. It is necessary to characterize the pathogenesis of trichinellosis to help to prevent the occurrence and further progression of this disease. The aims of this study were to elucidate the mechanisms of nurse cell formation, pathogenesis and immune evasion of T. spiralis, to provide valuable information for further research investigating the basic cell biology of Trichinella-infected muscle cells and the interaction between T. spiralis and its host. Methods We performed transcriptome profiling by RNA sequencing to identify global changes at 1, 3, 7, 10 and 15 days post-infection (dpi) in gene expression in the diaphragm after the parasite entered and persisted within the murine myocytes; the mice were infected by intravenous injection of newborn larvae. Gene expression analysis was based on the alignment results. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified based on their expression levels in various samples, and functional annotation and enrichment analysis were performed. Results The most extensive and dynamic gene expression responses in host diaphragms were observed during early infection (1 dpi). The number of DEGs and genes annotated in the Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes and Gene Ontology databases decreased significantly in the infected mice compared to the uninfected mice at 3 and 7 dpi, suddenly increased sharply at 10 dpi, and then decreased to a lower level at 15 dpi, similar to that observed at 3 and 7 dpi. The massive initial reaction of the murine muscle cells to Trichinella infection steadied in the later stages of infection, with little additional changes detected for the remaining duration of the studied process. Although there were hundreds of DEGs at each time point, only 11 genes were consistently up- or downregulated at all 5 time points. Conclusions The gene expression patterns identified in this study can be employed to characterize the coordinated response of T. spiralis-infected myocytes in a time-resolved manner. This comprehensive dataset presents a distinct and sensitive picture of the interaction between host and parasite during intracellular infection, which can help to elucidate how pathogens evade host defenses and coordinate the biological functions of host cells to survive in the mammalian environment.

Abstract Background Metabolic syndrome (MS) can promote the development of cardiovascular disease (CVD). The objective of this study was to examine the association of MS and its components with CVD, to further prevent and control CVD in Kazakhs. Methods In the cohort study, a total of 2644 participants completed the baseline survey between April 2010 and December 2012.The follow-up survey was conducted from April 2016 to December 2016 and was completed by 2286 participants (86.46% follow-up rate). Cox regression was used to evaluate the association of each component and the number of combinations of MS components on the development of CVD. Results A total of 278 CVD patients were enrolled from rural residents of Xinjiang. The average age of the MS and non-MS groups was 46.33 and 38.71 years, respectively. Independent associations with CVD were found for elevated blood pressure (BP) (adjusted hazard ratio (HR) [aHR] = 1.50,95%confidence interval [CI]: 1.08–2.08), elevated waist circumference (WC) (aHR = 1.60, 95%CI: 1.19–2.15), and elevated triglycerides (TG) (aHR = 1.44, 95%CI: 1.04–2.01). Participants with one to 5 MS components had an increased HR for developing CVD, from 1.82to 8.59 (P for trend

Abstract Background To externally validate the Prediction for ASCVD Risk in China (PAR) risk equation for predicting the 5-year atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) risk in the Uyghur and Kazakh populations from rural areas in northwestern China and compare its performance with those of the pooled cohort equations (PCE) and Framingham risk score (FRS). Methods The final analysis included 3347 subjects aged 40–74 years without CVD at baseline. The 5-year ASCVD risk was calculated using the PAR, PCE, and FRS. Discrimination, calibration, and clinical usefulness of the three equations in predicting the 5-year ASCVD risk were assessed before and after recalibration. Results Of 3347 included subjects, 1839 were female. We observed 286 ASCVD events in within 5-year follow-up. All three risk equations had moderate discrimination in both men and women. C-indices of PAR, PCE, and FRS were 0.727 (95% CI, 0.725–0.729), 0.727 (95% CI, 0.725–0.729), and 0.740 (95% CI, 0.738–0.742), respectively, in men; the corresponding C-indices were 0.738 (95% CI, 0.737–0.739), 0.731 (95% CI, 0.730–0.732), and 0.761 (95% CI, 0.760–0.762), respectively, in women. PCE, PAR and FRS substantially underestimated the 5-year ASCVD risk in women by 70, 23 and 51%, respectively. However, PAR and FRS fairly predicted the risk in men and PAR was well calibrated. The calibrations of the three risk equations could be changed by recalibration. The decision curve analyses demonstrated that at the threshold risk of 5%, PCE was the most clinically useful in both men and women after recalibration. Conclusions All three risk equations underestimated the 5-year ASCVD risk in women, while PAR and FRS fairly predicted that in men. However, the results of predictive performances for three risk equations are inconsistent, more accurate risk equations are required in the primary prevention of ASCVD aiming to this Uyghur and Kazakh populations.

Abstract Background Low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) disease with unknown etiology has a high prevalence in the Xinjiang Kazak population. In this study, long noncoding RNAs (lncRNAs) that might play a role in low HDL-C disease were identified. Methods Plasma samples from 10 eligible individuals with low HDL disease and 10 individuals with normal HDL-C levels were collected. The lncRNA profiles for 20 Xinjiang Kazak individuals were measured using microarray analysis. Results Differentially expressed lncRNAs and mRNAs with fold-change values not less than 1.5 and FDR-adjusted P-values less than 0.05 were screened. Bioinformatic analyses, including Gene Ontology (GO), Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG), and network analyses, were used to determine relevant signaling pathways and predict potential target genes. In total, 381 lncRNAs and 370 mRNAs were differentially expressed based on microarray analysis. Compared with those in healthy individuals, several lncRNAs were upregulated or downregulated in patients with low HDL-C disease, among which TCONS_00006679 was most significantly upregulated and TCONS_00011823 was most significantly downregulated. GO and KEGG pathway analyses as well as co-expression networks of lncRNAs and mRNAs revealed that the platelet activation pathway and cardiovascular disease were associated with low HDL-C disease. Conclusions Potential target genes integrin beta-3 (ITGB3) and thromboxane A2 receptor (TBXA2R) were regulated by the lncRNAs AP001033.3–201 and AC068234.2–202, respectively. Both genes were associated with cardiovascular disease and were involved in the platelet activation pathway. AP001033.3–201 and AC068234.2–202 were associated with low HDL-C disease and could play a role in platelet activation in cardiovascular disease. These results reveal the potential etiology of dyslipidemia in the Xinjiang Kazakh population and lay the foundation for further validation using large sample sizes.

Abstract Background Some studies have shown that a high level of bilirubin is a protective factor against metabolic syndrome (MS), while a high level of transaminase is a risk factor for MS. However, the existing results are inconsistent and few cohort studies have been published. Methods Using an ambispective cohort study, 565 Kazakhs from Xinjiang, China were selected as the study subjects. The baseline serum bilirubin and transaminase levels of the subjects were divided into quartiles and the relationship between these values and the incidence of MS was analyzed. The definition of MS was based on the Joint Interim Statement (JIS) diagnostic criteria. Results The average follow-up time for the subjects was 5.72 years. The cumulative incidence of MS was 36.11% (204 of the 565 subjects), and the incidence density was 63.10/1000 person-years. Multivariate Cox regression analysis showed that the levels of total bilirubin (TBIL) and indirect bilirubin (IBIL) were negatively correlated with the occurrence of MS, Compared to the lowest quartile level (Q1), the hazard ratios of MS the TBIL levels at the Q2-Q4 quartiles were: 0.47 (0.31–0.71), 0.53 (0.35–0.79), and 0.48 (0.32–0.72), respectively, while IBIL levels at the Q2-Q4 quartiles showed an MS hazard ratio of 0.48 (0.32–0.72), 0.54(0.36–0.81), and 0.52 (0.35–0.77), respectively, all at a 95% confidence level. However, no relationship was found between transaminase levels and the incidence of MS. Conclusion Serum TBIL and IBIL levels were negatively correlated with the incidence of MS in a Kazakh population in China.

Abstract Background Metabolic syndrome is diagnosed by a cluster of risk factors that associated with an increased risk of coronary heart disease (CHD). We aimed to explore the impact of and interactions between individual metabolic syndrome components on the risk of CHD in Xinjiang. Methods The baseline population included 7635 participants. The degree to which the components increase the risk of CHD and the multiplicative interactions between them were assessed using hazard ratios (HRs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Additive interactions were appraised by the relative excess risk due to interaction, synergy index (SI), and attributable proportion of interaction. Results A total of 304 CHD patients were enrolled from rural residents of Xinjiang. Elevated blood pressure (HR 1.81; 95% CI 1.35–2.44) and elevated fasting blood glucose (FBG) (HR 1.82; 95% CI 1.38–2.38) increased the risk of CHD after adjustment for confounding factors. We found a positive additive interaction (SI 1.14; 95% CI 0.51–2.51) between elevated blood pressure and elevated FBG, but none were significant. As the number of components increased, the risk of CHD increased. The combinations of [high triglycerides (TG) + low high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) + elevated FBG + large waistline] (HR 4.26; 95% CI 1.43–12.73) and [elevated blood pressure + elevated FBG + low HDL-C + large waistline] (HR 1.82; 95% CI 1.38–2.38) increased the risk of CHD. Conclusions We provide evidence that elevated blood pressure and elevated FBG are independent risk factors for CHD and it might be necessary to maintain the normal waistline for preventing CHD.