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Background: Phytoestrogens are non-estradiol molecules categorized as endocrine-disrupting chemicals, which means they can alter the hormonal equilibrium and cause reproductive problems. Studies suggested Hibiscus sabdariffa (H. sabdariffa) possible use as alternative to hormone replacement therapy in ovarian hypofunction patients. Salvia officinalis (S. officinalis) contains phytoestrogen steroids and isoflavonoids. The purpose of this research was to examine the estrogenic effects of H. sabdariffa and S. officinalis aqueous extracts on male reproductive hormones and testicular histology and function. Methods: Three groups of six male rats each were utilized as follows: control (distilled water), H. sabdariffa (500 mg/kg aqueous extract), and S. officinalis (500 mg/kg aqueous extract). Blood, epididymis. Testis and serum samples were gathered after 30 days for biochemical analysis, sperm characteristics, and histological evaluations. Results: Compared to the control and S. officinalis groups, H. sabdariffa caused a significant reduction in body weight (BW) and percent BW gain (%BWG). Relative to the control rats, the two extracts dramatically reduced testicular weight, sperm motility, concentration, and viability while raising abnormalities. Furthermore, the herbal extract groups demonstrated a significant decrease in blood testosterone levels while increasing serum prolactin, FSH, and LH levels. Consumption of both herbs also caused testicular histological changes such as degenerated seminiferous tubules, with a diminished number of mature spermatozoa in the tubular lumen, reduced diameter of seminiferous tubules, and the presence of exfoliated cells in the tubular lumen. Conclusion: The results of this study revealed that the aqueous extracts of H. sabdariffa and S. officinalis may negatively impact male fertility. However, more research is needed to validate these findings and investigate the mechanistic components of these impacts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Phytoestrogens are estrogen analogues of plant origin, allowing them to act as agonists at estrogen receptors. Objectives: This study was done to discover the effects of flaxseed and turmeric oils on male rats' fertility. Methodology: Eighteen male albino rats are divided into three groups (6 rats each). Group 1 (Control group) rats received distilled water 1 mL/kg orally); group 2 (Flaxseed oil group) rats received 1 mL/kg flaxseed oil orally;group 3 (Turmeric oil) rats received 1 mL/kg turmeric oil orally. After 30 days, blood samples, epididymis, and testis were collected for biochemical analysis, sperm characteristics and histological examinations. Results: Flaxseed oil induced a significant decline (p<0.05) in % of body weight change relative to the control group. Flaxseed and turmeric oils groups showed significant declines (p<0.05) in gonadosomatic index and sperm motility, concentration, and viability, with a significant increase in sperm abnormalities. Besides, Flaxseed and turmeric oils groups showed significant decreases (p<0.05) in the serum testosterone levels with significant increases (p<0.05) in serum prolactin, FSH, and LH levels. Flaxseed and turmeric oils consumption significantly decreased (p<0.05) plasma CAT and SOD while they significantly increased (p<0.05) plasma MDA relative to the control group. The testis of rats ingested flaxseed and turmeric oils showed degenerated seminiferous tubules, with a diminished number of mature spermatozoa in the tubular lumen, reduced diameter of seminiferous tubules and intact basement membrane. Conclusion: Feeding flaxseed and turmeric oils consumption to adult male rats induced hormonal disturbances with non-uniformities in sperm characteristics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Because obesity is linked to an increased risk of diabetes and heart disease, the ideal anti-obesity medication would have weight loss that was long-lasting and had few side effects. Objective: To detect if the weight-loss drugs; green tea and Vita slim negatively affect several biochemical and physiological markers. Materials and Methods: Three groups consisted of 21 mature obese male albino rats (with a body weight of 220 ±20 gram): In Group one: control (vehicle treatment), in group two: for a period of 30 days, rats were given Vita slim (0.1mg/kg/day), and in group three: for 30 days, rats were given green tea (0.1 mg/kg/day). Results: Significant changes were observed in the weight of the treated groups, in serum levels of AST/ALT, albumin, triglycerides, low-density lipoproteins (LDL), LDL/HDL ratio, urea, creatinine, as well as triiodothyronine (T3) as compared with the control group. Conclusion: Several physiological and biochemical markers, including kidney and liver functions, have been shown to be negatively impacted by Vita slim and green tea after 30 days of ingestion. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background. Because of the growing incidence of obesity, the use of synthetic antiobesity medicines as weight-loss agents has grown in popularity, although their usefulness has yet to be established. Two of such medicines are Aplex and Venera. This study is designed to determine the potential dangers of Aplex and Venera on certain biochemical and physiological indicators in obese adult male rats. Methods. Twenty-one obese male albino rats (9 weeks old and having a body mass of 220 ± 20 g) were divided into three equal groups: the control group (vehicle treatment), the Aplex group (0.1 mg/kg/day) for 30 days, and the Venera group (0.1 mg/kg/day) for 30 days. Results. The values of serum glucose, insulin, homeostatic model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), total protein, total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), very-low-density lipoprotein (VLDL), TC/HDL ratio, testosterone, thyroxine (T4), and leptin did not differ significantly between the treated and control groups. In contrast, the treated groups had substantial changes in bodyweight, serum alanine aminotransaminase (ALT), aspartate aminotransaminase (AST), albumin, globulin, albumin/globulin ratio (A/G ratio), triglycerides (TG), low-density lipoproteins (LDL), LDL/HDL ratio, urea, creatinine, and triiodothyronine (T3) levels. Conclusion. The findings indicate that Aplex and Venera have negative impacts on crucial biochemical and physiological indicators, particularly liver and kidney functioning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Food additives are substances used in food industry in order to improve the food's taste and appearance. Objective: To investigate the adverse effects of mixing some food additives on the biochemical parameters in male albino rats. Materials and Methods: This study was conducted on twenty-four young male albino rats. Animals were divided into four groups (6 each). Group I: Control group, Group II: administered with fast green and glycine. Group III: administered with fast green and sodium nitrate and Group IV: administered with sodium nitrate and glycine. After 30 days of treatment, blood samples were collected for biochemical parameters. Results: body weight, total protein, albumin and testosterone hormone decreased in all treated groups. Glucose, insulin and HOMA-IR decreased in group received (fast green with glycine). Rats treated with sodium nitrate plus glycine showed a significant increase in glucose level. The liver enzymes and the kidney function tests increased in all treated groups. Rats treated with fast green plus glycine showed significant decrease in the TG and TC while HDL showed significant increase. Rats treated with sodium nitrate plus glycine showed a significant increase in the TG and TC while HDL showed significant decrease. T3 and T4 decreased in rats treated with the mixture of sodium nitrate and glycine while increased in rats treated with the mixture of fast green and glycine. Conclusion: The use of these compounds must be limited as its use leads to real vehement disturbance in biochemical parameter. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Food additives are substances used in food industry in order to improve the food's taste and appearance. Objective: To investigate the adverse effects of mixing some food additives on the biochemical parameters in male albino rats. Materials and Methods: This study was conducted on twenty-four young male albino rats. Animals were divided into four groups (6 each). Group I: Control group, Group II: administered with fast green and glycine. Group III: administered with fast green and sodium nitrate and Group IV: administered with sodium nitrate and glycine. After 30 days of treatment, blood samples were collected for biochemical parameters. Results: body weight, total protein, albumin and testosterone hormone decreased in all treated groups. Glucose, insulin and HOMA-IR decreased in group received (fast green with glycine). Rats treated with sodium nitrate plus glycine showed a significant increase in glucose level. The liver enzymes and the kidney function tests increased in all treated groups. Rats treated with fast green plus glycine showed significant decrease in the TG and TC while HDL showed significant increase. Rats treated with sodium nitrate plus glycine showed a significant increase in the TG and TC while HDL showed significant decrease. T3 and T4 decreased in rats treated with the mixture of sodium nitrate and glycine while increased in rats treated with the mixture of fast green and glycine. Conclusion: The use of these compounds must be limited as its use leads to real vehement disturbance in biochemical parameter. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Food additives are a substance added to food to enhance its flavor or appearance or to preserve it. They are widely used nowadays. Objectives: The aim of the current work was to determine the hazardous effects of sodium nitrate, fast green and glycine on some physiological parameters such as liver enzymes, lipid profile, hormonal assays …etc. Materials and methods: This study has been done on forty male albino rats. The Animals were divided into four groups: Group I (Control untreated group), Group II (fast green-treated group), Group III (glycine-treated group) and Group IV (sodium nitrate-treated group). Estimation of some biochemical parameters (liver enzymes, kidney function tests, glucose, protein profile and lipid profile) and hormonal assays [testosterone, T3 (triiodothyronine), T4 (thyroxine) and insulin were done. Results: body weight was increased in fast green-treated group and decreased in sodium nitrate group. There was an increase in the activities of AST and ALT as well as urea and creatinine, in both sodium nitrate and fast green groups. There was a decrease in plasma proteins in both fast green and sodium nitrate groups. Lipid profile [total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), very low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (VLDL-chol) and low-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-chol)] were decreased in fast green-treated groups while high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-chol) was increased. In sodium nitrate group, the lipid profile (TC, TG, VLDL and LDL) were increased while HDL was decreased. Serum glucose, insulin, and HOMA-IR (insulin resistance) were decreased in fast green-treated group and increased in sodium nitrate-treated group. There was a decrease in T3 and T4 in fast green-treated group while were increased in sodium nitrate-treated group. Testosterone decreased in fast green-, glycine- and sodium nitrate-treated groups. While glycine-treated group showed the same results as the control group. Conclusion: It could be concluded that minimizing the use of food additives protects young children and mature people from their destructive effects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Xenoestrogens are defined as chemicals that mimic some structural parts of the physiological estrogen compounds, therefore may act as estrogen or could interfere with the actions of endogenous estrogens. Phytoestrogens (plant estrogens) are substances that occur naturally in plants. They have asimilar chemical structure to our own body’s estrogen. Vitamin C, also known as ascorbic acid, is used to prevent and treat scurvy. Objective: The aim of the study was to clarify the effect of both bisphenol-A (BPA) and liquorice together on some sexual hormones and illustration of the effect of vitamin C on their actions. Materials and methods: Thirty male albino rats were used and divided into three groups: Group I: control (untreated group), Group II: rats treated with BPA and liquorice, Group III: rats treated with BPA and liquorice in addition to vitamin C. Blood samples were collected for different biochemical investigations. Results: The biochemical results showed high significant increase (p<0.01) in the activities of ALT, AST, urea, creatinine, FSH, prolactin, total cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL-C, VLDL, LDL/HDL and TC/HDL levels. There was high significant decrease (p<0.01) in HDL-C, total protein, albumin, globulin, testosterone, and LH. These results turned back to the normal values after receiving the vitamin C as compared to normal group. Conclusion: it could be concluded that phytoestrogen and xenoestrogen had undesirable effects and it's recommended to minimize the utilizing of these compounds to protect people from its hazardous effects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Xenoestrogens are a type of xenohormone that imitates estrogen. They can be either synthetic or natural chemical compounds. Synthetic xenoestrogens include some widely used industrial compounds, such as PCBs, bisphenol A (BPA) and phthalates. "Dietary estrogen" is also called phytoestrogen, which is a plantderived xenoestrogen not generated within the endocrine system, but consumed by eating phytoestrogenic plants. Stem cell enhancer (SCE) (StemEnhance®) is a novel mobilizer of bone marrow adult stem cells that was shown to increase the number of circulating stem cells. Objectives: The aim of the current work was to clarify the effect of both BPA and liquorice together on some sexual hormones and illustration of the effect of stem cell enhancer on their actions. Materials and methods: Thirty male albino rats were used and were divided into three groups: Group I: control (untreated group), group II: rats treated with BPA and liquorice and group III: rats treated with BPA and anise oil in addition to stem cell enhancer. Blood samples were collected for different biochemical investigations. Results: There was a highly significant increase (p < 0.01) in the level of ALT and AST activities, urea, creatinine, FSH, prolactin, total cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL-C, VLDL, LDL/HDL and TC/HDL. While, there was highly significant decrease (p < 0.01) in HDL-C, total protein, albumin, globulin, testosterone and LH. These results turned back to the normal values after receiving the SCE as compared to normal group. Conclusion: It could be concluded that phytoestrogen and xenoeostrogen have undesirable effects and it is recommended to minimize the utilization of these compounds to protect people from its hazardous effects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Xenoestrogens are chemically distinct industrial products potentially able to disrupt the endocrine system by mimicking the action of endogenous steroid hormones. Phytoestrogens are naturally occurring non-steroidal plant chemicals that can act like the female hormone estrogen. Arctium lappa (burdock) root has traditionally been recommended as an aphrodisiac agent. Objective: The aim of the study was to clarify the effect of both bisphenol-A (BPA) and anise oil together on some sexual hormones and illustration the effect of A. lappa on their actions. Materials and methods: The study was conducted on thirty male albino rats. The animals were divided into three groups: Group I, control untreated group, Group II, rats treated with bisphenol-A and anise oil and Group III, rats treated with BPA and anise oil in addition to A. lappa. Blood samples were collected to estimate biochemical parameters. Results: The biochemical results showed highly significant increase (p < 0.01) in the activities of ALT, AST, urea, creatinine, FSH, prolactin, total cholesterol, triglycerides, LDLC, VLDL, LDL/HDL and TC/HDL levels. While, there was highly significant decrease (p < 0.01) in HDLC, total protein, albumin, globulin, testosterone and, LH. All these results turned back to the normal values after receiving the A. lappa as compared to normal group. Conclusion: it could be concluded that phytoestrogen and xenoestrogen have undesirable effects and it's recommended to minimize the utilization of these compound to protect people from its hazardous effects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Xenoestrogens are compounds like estrogens in effect but not in structure which are mimicking the action of endogenous estrogen and activate estrogen receptor. Phytoestrogens are naturally occurring non-steroidal plant chemicals that can act like the female hormone estrogen. Aphanizomenon Flos-aquae (AFA) is a blue-green microalgal species which has antioxidant properties. Objective: The aim of the study was to clarify the effects of both Bisphenol A (BPA) and anise oil (phytoestrogen) together on some sexual hormonal pattern in male albino rats and illustration of the adverse effects of AFA on their actions. Materials and methods: Thirty male albino rats were used. They were divided into three groups: Group I: control (untreated group), Group II: rats treated with BPA and Anise oil and Group III: rats treated with BPA and Anise oil in addition to AFA. Blood samples were collected for different biochemical investigations. Results: The biochemical results showed highly significant increase (p<0.01) in the activities of ALT, AST, urea, creatinine, FSH, prolactin and lipid profile (total cholesterol, triglycerides, HDL-C, VLDL, LDL/HDL & TC/HDL). While, there was a highly significant decrease (p < 0.01) in LDL-C, total protein, albumin, Globulin, testosterone and LH. These results returned back to the normal values after receiving the AFA as compared to normal group. Conclusion: It could be concluded that phytoestrogen and xenoestrogen have undesirable effects and it is recommended to minimize the utilization of these compounds to protect people from its hazardous effects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: CANDEREL® is non-nutritive artificial sweetener, which is mainly composed of aspartame and acesulfame potassium. Materials and Methods: thirty male albino rats weighing from 100 to 120 gm. The period of the experiment was 30 days. The animals were divided into three groups; group 1: control, group 2: rats received CANDEREL® (1 tablet/kg b.w./day) and group 3: rats received CANDEREL® (1 tablet/kg b.w./day) + SCE (9 mg/kg b.w./day). The following parameters were measured: serum glucose, ASAT, ALAT, serum creatinine, serum urea, protein and lipid profiles and hormonal levels (insulin, testosterone, serum T3 and serum T4). Results: there were many disturbances that occurred in the previous parameters, and SCE ameliorated most of these hazardous effects. Conclusion: artificial sweeteners are not safe in use; their disadvantages are more than their advantages. So, we recommended replacing non-nutritive sweeteners with nutritive ones to be away from any hazardous effects that may result from the use of artificial sweeteners. Also, SCE made a great job in fighting the impairments that occur during the experiment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: phytoestrogens are a diverse group of plant-derived compounds that structurally or functionally mimic mammalian estrogens. They have been investigated at the epidemiological, clinical and molecular levels to determine their potential health benefits. Aim: the present study was carried out to investigate some biochemical effects of fenugreek oil and soymilk on male albino rats. Materials and Methods: eighteen (18) animals were divided randomly into three groups with 6 animals per group. Group "1" received normal saline 1 mL/kg body weight orally for four weeks. Group "2" rats were treated with oral dose of soymilk 1 ml/kg body weight/day once daily for four weeks, while rats in group "3" were treated with oral dose of fenugreek 1 ml/kg body weight/day once daily for four weeks. Blood samples were collected on the last day of the experiment for biochemical analysis. Results: the fenugreek oil and soymilk induced highly significant decrease (p<0.01) in total cholesterol, triacylglycerol, low-density lipoprotein, very low-density lipoprotein, low-density lipoprotein high-density lipoprotein ratio (LDL/HDL) and a significant increase (p<0.05) in high-density lipoprotein. The results also showed highly significant decrease in follicle stimulating hormone, luteinizing hormone, testosterone and sperm count compared to normal control group. Conclusion: the results of this study suggest that high levels of fenugreek and soymilk intake can cause hormonal disturbance and decrease sperm count. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Food additives are products added to the basic foodstuffs with an aim of improving its aspect, flavor, taste, color, texture, food value and conservation. Aim of the work: This study aimed to determine the effects of AFA against the hazardous effects of sodium benzoate, chlorophyllin and monosodium glutamate. Materials and methods: This study was done on thirty male albino rats with an average body weight 120-140 g. The animals were divided into three groups (10 rats/each) as follows: Group 1: control, Group 2: rats treated with food additives mixture (sodium benzoate, chlorophyllin, and monosodium glutamate) and Group 3: rats treated with mixture, in addition to AFA (blue green algae). Blood samples were collected, and the separated sera were used for estimation of some biochemical parameters (liver enzymes, kidney function tests, glucose, HOMA-IR, protein profile and lipid profile) and hormonal levels [testosterone, triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4)]. Results: The study showed an increase in levels of fasting glucose, insulin, HOMA-IR, activities of AST and ALT, urea, creatinine, total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), LDL-C, VLDL, ratios of TC/HDL-C and LDL-C/HDLC (risk factors) in mixture group. This was accompanied by a significant decrease in protein profile (total protein, albumin and globulin), HDL-and testosterone hormone levels as compared to the control rats. On the other hand, these results turned back nearly to the normal values after receiving the AFA (blue green algae). Conclusion: the present study clearly revealed the therapeutic capability of AFA to fight the grievous effects of food additives mixture on major physiological parameters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Food additives are substances intentionally added to food to change its characteristics, maintain and improve safety, maintain the nutrient value and to improve taste, texture, and appearance. Aim of the work: This study aimed to determine the therapeutic effects of vitamin C against the hazardous effects of sodium benzoate, chlorophyllin and monosodium glutamate on some physiological parameters in male albino rats. Materials and Methods: this study had been done on thirty male albino rats with an average body weight 120-140 g. The animals were divided into three groups. Group 1: control, Group 2: rats treated with mixture sodium benzoate, chlorophyllin and monosodium glutamate and Group 3: rats treated with food additives mixture and vitamin C. Blood samples were collected and the separated sera were used for estimation of some biochemical parameters (liver enzymes, kidney functions, glucose, protein profile and lipid profile) and hormonal levels [testosterone, triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine (T4)]. Results: The biochemical results showed an increase in levels of fasting glucose, insulin, HOMA-IR, activities of AST and ALT, urea, creatinine, total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), LDL-C, VLDL, ratios of TC/HDL-C and LDL-C/HDL-C (risk factors) in mixture group accomphined by a significant decrease in protein profile (total protein, albumin and globulin), HDL-and testosterone hormone levels . On the other hand, these results turned back nearly to normal values after receiving vitamin C. Conclusion: The present study revealed capability of vitamin C to fight the grievous effects of food additives mixture on major physiological parameters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Food additives are substances used in food industry in order to improve the food's taste and appearance by preserving its flavor and preventing it from souring. Materials and Methods: this study was conducted on twenty-four young male albino rats with an average 120-140 g body weight. Animals were divided into four groups (6 each). Group I: Control untreated group, Group II: it was administered sodium benzoate (SB) (5 mg/kg b.w./day) orally and monosodium glutamate (MSG) (15 mg/kg b.w./day), Group III: it was administered MSG (15 mg/kg b.w./day) and chlorophyllin (CHL) (15 mg/kg b.w./day) and Group IV administered orally with SB (5 mg/kg b.w./day) and CHL (15 mg/kg b.w./day). Blood samples were collected on the last day of experiment, for biochemical estimations. Results: There was marked elevation in levels of fasting glucose, insulin, HOMA-IR, activities of AST and ALT, urea, creatinine, total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), LDL-C, VLDL, ratios of TC/HDL-C and LDL-C/HDL-C (risk factors) in all treated group. Serum thyroid hormones (T3 and T4) increased in Group III. On the other hand, there was decline in levels of serum total proteins, albumin, testosterone and HDL-C in all treated groups in comparison with the control group. There was a highly significant reduction in the body weight, T3 and T4 in Group IV, while Group II showed highly significant increase in body weight and a highly significant reduction in globulin level as compared to control rats. Conclusion: The use of these compounds must be limited as it resulted in a vehement disturbance in the biochemical parameters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Süßstofftabletten is an artificial sweetener, which is mainly composed of cyclamate and saccharin. Aim of the work: clarification of Süßstofftabletten effects and the amelioration effect of vitamin E in male albino rats. Materials and methods: thirty male albino rats weighing from 100 to 120 gm. The period of the experiment was 30 days. The animals were divided into three groups; group 1: control, group 2: rats received Süßstofftabletten (1 tablet/kg b.w./day) and group 3: rats received Süßstofftabletten (1 tablet/kg b.w./day) + vitamin E (6 mg/kg b.w./day). The following parameters were measured: serum glucose, ASAT, ALAT, serum creatinine, serum urea, protein and lipid profiles and hormonal levels (insulin, testosterone, serum T3 and serum T4). Results: there were many disturbances that occurred in the previous parameters, and vitamin E ameliorated most of these hazardous effects. Conclusion: the assertions that artificial sweeteners are safe and healthy in use by consumers are false. Natural sweeteners whose benefits are important and necessary to our bodies must be used instead of artificial sweeteners. Also vitamin E is very important in our daily diet as it fights many damages that encounter us. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Phytoestrogen is a plant-derived compound, which has estrogenic effect and it is found in liquorice root extract and sesame oil. Aim of the work: To investigate some biochemical effects of liquorice root extract and sesame oil on male albino rats. Materials and methods: 18 animals were divided randomly into three groups. Group A: Control group, group B: rats treated with oral dose ofliquorice1 ml/kg body weight/day for one month, and group C: rats treated with oral dose of sesame oil 1 ml/kg body weight/day. At the end of the experiment, blood samples were collected for biochemical analysis. Results: Liquorice and sesame oil induced highly significant decrease in TC, TG, LDL, VLDL, LDL/HDL(p<0.01)and significant increase in HDL(p<0.05). They also showed highly significantly decrease in FSH, testosterone and sperm count compared to control group (p<0.02). Conclusion: The study supports that the high level intake of liquorice root extract or sesame oil caused hormonal disturbance and decreases sperm count. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: the easiest method of reducing calories is to replace the high caloric food products with sweetened ones. Aim of the work: this study aimed to determine the effects of acesulfame-k or aspartame on some physiological parameters in male albino rats. Materials and methods: we used thirty male albino rats of local strain weighing from 100 to120 gm. The period of the experiment was 30 days. The animals were divided into three groups; Group 1: control, Group 2: rats received acesulfame-k (15 mg/kg/day) and group 3: rats received aspartame (50 mg/kg/day). Results: there was an increase in serum glucose, insulin level, T3 and T4 in rats that received aspartame. In addition, there was increase in ASAT and ALAT activities, serum creatinine, serum urea and lipid profile except HDL-C in both treated groups as compared to the control group. Meanwhile, there was a drop in percentage of body weight and serum testosterone level in aspartame group as well as in total protein, albumin and albumin/globulin ratio in both treated groups as compared to control group. Conclusion: aspartame has more dangerous effects than acesulfame-k. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Phytoestrogen is a plant derived compound which have estrogenic effect similar to estrogen. Aim of work: The present study was carried out to investigate some pharmacological and biochemical effects of anise oil on male albino rats. Materials and methods: twelve animals were divided randomly into two groups. Group A: Control. Group B: treated rats. The treated rats were given an oral dose of 1 ml/kg body weight/day anise oil once daily for one month. At the end of the experiment, blood samples were collected for biochemical analysis. Results: The anise oil induced highly significant decrease (p<0.01) in TC, TG, LDL, VLDL, LDL/HDL. In addition, significant increase (p<0.05) in HDL and highly significantly decreased in FSH, LH, testosterone and sperm count compared to normal control group. Conclusion: This study showed that high levels of anise intake cause hormonal disturbance and decrease sperm count. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Chlorophyllin is known as natural green. Chlorophyll derivative is used as a food additive (food–coloring agent). Mono sodium glutamate (MSG), the sodium salt of amino acid glutamate, is a food additive that popularly used all over the world as “Flavor enhancer”. Aim of the work: This study aimed to determine the hazardous effects of sodium benzoate, chlorophyllin and mono sodium glutamate on some physiological parameters in male albino rats. Materials and Methods: This study had been done on forty male albino rats. The Animals were divided into four groups; Group I (Control untreated group), Group II (Sodium benzoate-treated group), Group III (Chlorophyllin-treated group) and Group IV (Mono sodium glutamate-treated group). Blood samples were collected, sera were separated and used for estimation of some biochemical parameters (liver enzymes, kidney function, glucose, protein profile and lipid profile) and hormonal levels [testosterone, T3 (triiodothyronine) and T4 (thyroxine)]. Results: There was an increase in the activities of liver enzymes ASAT and ALAT as well as the levels of glucose, kidney function (urea and creatinine), lipid profile (TC, TG, VLDL and LDL), Insulin and HOMA-IR (insulin resistance) in the sodium benzoate- and mono sodium glutamate-treated groups. While chlorophyllin-treated group showed the same results except for glucose level, kidney function, insulin and HOMA-IR. In addition, there was an increase in the level of (T4) and (T3) in MSG group but these levels decreased in benzoate group. A drop in protein profile (total proteins, albumin), high-density lipoprotein (HDL) and testosterone hormone in benzoate and glutamate groups as compared to the control rats. Conclusion: It could be concluded that some food additive like sodium benzoate and mono sodium glutamate have extreme effects on liver and kidney function, protein and lipid profiles as well as on thyroid and testosterone hormones. So, it is recommended to minimize the use of these additives to protect young children and mature people from these destructive effects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Phytoesrogenis plant derived compounds which have an estrogenic effect. Objectives: The present study was carried out to investigate some pharmacological and biochemical effects of fennel oil on male albino rats. Materials and methods: Twelve animals were divided randomly into two groups. Group A: Control. Group B: Treated rats. The rats were given an oral dose of 1 ml/kg body weight/day fennel oil once daily for one month. At the end of the experiment, blood samples were collected for biochemical analysis. Results: The fennel oil induced highly significant decrease (p<0.01) in total cholesterol(TC), triglycerides (TG), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), very low-density lipoprotein (VLDL), LDL/high-density lipoprotein (HDL), while significant increased (p<0.05) HDL. In addition, it showed highly significant decrease (p<0.02) in FSH, testosterone and sperm count compared to normal control group. Conclusion: Fennel herb has several therapeutic benefits, but it also has negative effect on male sex hormone and sperm count. So men must reduce their usage of it. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Non-nutritive sweeteners (NNSs) are becoming popular as sugar substitutes for diabetic patients or to decrease body weight. Aim of the work: This study was aimed to determine the effects of sucralose and sodium saccharin on some physiological parameters in male albino rats. Materials and methods: We used thirty male albino rats weighing from 100 to120 gm. The period of the experiment was 30 days. The animals were divided into three groups; Group 1: control, Group 2: rats received sucralose and group 3: rats received sodium saccharin. The following parameters were processed: serum glucose, ASAT, ALAT, serum creatinine, serum urea, protein and lipid profiles and hormonal levels (insulin, testosterone, serum T3 and T4). Results: There was an increase in ASAT and ALAT activities, serum creatinine and serum urea levels in group 2 and group 3, lipid profile in the group received sucralose (TC, HDL and LDL) and T3&T4 in the group received saccharin as compared to the control group. Meanwhile, a drop in serum glucose, insulin, total protein, albumin, albumin/globulin ratio and triglycerides in group 2 and group 3, lipid profile in the group received saccharin (TC, HDL and LDL) and T3&T4 in the group received sucralose was observed when compared to the control group. Conclusion: it could be concluded that sucralose and sodium saccharin must be carefully used because they have very dangerous effects-especially sodium saccharin- and we have to replace them with natural sugar. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: alterations in the level of hormones including thyroid hormones lead to physiological/clinical abnormalities. Aim of work: this study aimed to illustrate the protective effect of Trigonella, Allium sativum or their mixture against hyperthyroidism induced by L-thyroxin in male albino rats. Materials and methods: thirty albino rats were divided randomly into five groups. Group A: healthy rats, Group B: normal rats were subcutaneously injected with 500 µg/kg body weight L-thyroxin once daily for two weeks to induce hyperthyroidism, Group C: hyperthyroid rats received oral dose of 250 µg/kg body weight/day Trigonella extract. Group D: hyperthyroid rats received oral dose of 250 µg/kg body weight/day Allium sativum extract. Group E: hyperthyroid rats received mixture of Trigonella and Allium sativum extract. At the end of the experiment. Blood samples were collected for biochemical analysis. Results: hyperthyroid rats had significant increase (P<0.05) in serum levels of triodothyronine (T3), thyroxin (T4), TG, VLDL, AST, ALP, BUN and uric acid as well as a significant decrease in TSH, LDL, HDL, LDL/HDL and TC, total protein and percentage of body weight change compared to the normal control group. Oral administration of these extracts ameliorated most of the tested parameters. Conclusion: This study concluded that Allium sativum, Trigonella or their mixture have a protective effect against hyperthyroidism. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: the use of food additives is one of the most important problems in the human health nutrition field. Food additives are widely used for various purposes; including preservation, coloring, and sweetening, however, the physiological and biochemical changes may be produced. Aim of the work: was to investigate the protective role of royal jelly (RJ) against abnormalities in metabolic biochemical parameters that induced by these food additives in male albino rats. Materials and Methods: thirty young male albino rats with an average body weight 120-140 g were divided into three groups (10/cage); Group I: served as normal control group, Group II: rats orally administrated with the mixture which consists of sodium nitrite (NaNO2 0.1 mg/kg b.wt./day), annatto (0.065 mg/kg b.wt./day) and monosodium glutamate (MSG 15 mg/kg b.wt./day) and Group III: rats orally administrated with the previous mixture and then orally administrated with royal jelly (14.28 mg/kg b.wt./day soluble in maize oil). At the end of the experiment, blood samples were collected for biochemical estimations which including levels of serum glucose, creatinine, urea, testosterone, thyroid hormones (T3 and T4), activities of AST and ALT, total protein (TP), albumin, total cholesterol, triglycerides, highdensity lipoprotein (HDL-c) and low-density lipoprotein (LDL-c). Results: the present study showed marked elevation in levels of fasting blood glucose, activities of AST, ALT, levels of serum urea, creatinine, TC, TG, LDL-c, VLDLand ratios of TC/HDL-c and LDL-c/HDL-c (risk factors) as well as albumin /globulin ratio and serum thyroid hormones (T3&T4) accompanied with significant reduction in the body weight, serum total proteins, albumin, globulin, albumin/creatinine, testosterone and HDL-C concentrations in the group that administrated with the mixture which consists of (NaNO2, MSG and annatto) as compared to control rats. While administration with royal jelly significantly ameliorated the disturbed biochemical parameters and showed significant improvement in most of these parameters. Conclusion: it could be concluded that royal jelly offers a therapeutic advantage that minimizes the metabolic abnormalities and biochemical changes which induced by these food additives. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: food additives are substances intentionally added to food to change its characteristics, to maintain and improve safety, to improve or maintain the nutrient value and to improve taste, texture, and appearance. Sodium nitrite is an inorganic salt with widespread applications in the food industry as a food preservative in meat and fish. However, Annatto is used as a dyeing agent in the food industry in coloring butter, cheese, and ice-cream whereas Monosodium Glutamate (MSG) is one of the most used flavorenhancers which is ingested as part of commercially processed foods. Stem cell enhancer is a natural stem cell mobilizer that can trigger the release of millions of adult stem cells from bone marrow into the circulation, and its considerable safety allows for a sustained oral daily intake over long periods of time. Aim of the work: this study was aimed to determine the therapeutic effects of Stem Cell Enhancer (SCE) against the hazardous effects of sodium nitrite, annatto and monosodium glutamate on some physiological parameters in male albino rats. Materials and methods: this study had been done on thirty male albino rats with an average body weight 120-140 g. The animals were divided into three groups; Group 1: control (untreated group), Group 2:rats treated with food additives mixture (sodium nitrite, annatto, and monosodium glutamate); Group 3: rats treated with food additives mixture, in addition to Stem Cell Enhancer. Blood samples were collected, and the separated sera were used for estimation of some biochemical parameters (liver enzymes, kidney functions, glucose, protein profile and lipid profile) and hormonal levels [testosterone,triiodothyronine (T3) and thyroxine(T4)]. Results: the biochemical results showed an increase in the activities of liver enzymes [aspartate aminotransferase (AST) and alanine aminotransferase (ALT)], and the levels of glucose, kidney functions (urea, and creatinine), lipid profile [total cholesterol, triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein(LDL-c), high-density lipoprotein(HDL-c)and risk factors 1& 2] and thyroid hormones [T3 and T4]in the mixture accompanied by a significant decrease in protein profile (total protein, albumin and globulin), HDL-and testosterone hormone levels as compared to the control rats. On the other hand, these results turned back to nearly to the normal values after receiving the Stem cell Enhancer. Conclusion: the present study clearly revealed thetherapeutic capability of SCE to fight the grievous effects of food additives mixture on major physiological parameters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: food additives are substances used in food industry in order to improve the food's taste, appearance by preserving its flavor and preventing it from souring. Food additives are added to the most junk and fast foods, especially food for kids. Aim of the work: this work was aimed to investigate the adverse effects of some food additives on the biochemical parameters in addition to study the side effects of these food additives in male albino rats. Materials and Methods: this study was performed on twenty four young male albino rats with an average 120-145 g body weight. Animals were divided into four groups (6 /cage); Group I (Control untreated group), Group II (administered orally with sodium nitrite (0.1 mg/kg b.wt./day) and annatto (0.065 mg/kg b.wt./day)), Group III (administered orally with sodium nitrite (0.1 mg/kg b.wt./day) and monosodium glutamate (MSG) (15 mg/kg b.wt./day)) and Group IV (administered orally with annatto (0.065 mg/kg b.wt./day) and monosodium glutamate (15 mg/kg b.wt./day)). Blood samples were collected on the last day of experiment, for biochemical estimations which included levels of serum glucose, total protein (TP), albumin, creatinine, urea, testosterone , thyroid hormones (T3 and T4), activities of AST and ALT in addition to lipid profile. Results: showed marked elevation in levels of fasting glucose, activities of AST, ALT, urea, creatinine, total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG) and high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), VLDL and ratios of TC/HDL-C and LDL-C/HDL-C (risk factors) as well as albumin / globulin ratio and serum thyroid hormones (T3 & T4) accompanied with marked decline in levels of serum total proteins, albumin, globulin, albumin/ creatinine ratio, testosterone and HDL-C in all treated groups in comparison to the control group. There was a significant reduction in the body weight in groups that received (NaNO2 with annatto) and (MSG with NaNO2) while treated rats with (MSG and annatto) showed a significant increase in body weight as compared to control rats. Conclusion: Due to the harmful effects of food additives, the use of these compounds must be limited as it resulted in a vehement disturbance in the biochemical and physiological parameters that was grievously pronounced on many hormones. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: food additives are added to most junk and fast foods, especially those for kids. Sodium nitrite is an inorganic salt with widespread applications in the food industry as a color fixative and preservative in meat and fish. Annatto extract is a natural food color obtained from the outer coatings of the seeds of the Annatto tree (Bixa orellana L.). Monosodium glutamate (MSG), the sodium salt of amino acid glutamate, is a food additive that popularly used all over the world as "flavor enhancer". Aim of the work: this study was aimed to determine the hazardous effects of sodium nitrite, annatto and monosodium glutamate on some physiological parameters in male albino rats. Materials and methods: this study had been done on fourty male albino rats with an average body weight 100-145 g. The animals were divided into four groups; Group 1: control (untreated group), Group 2: sodium nitrite treated group, Group 3: annatto treated group and Group 4: monosodium glutamate treated group. Blood samples were collected, sera were separated and used for estimation of some biochemical parameters (liver enzymes, kidney functions, glucose, protein profile and lipid profile) and hormonal levels [testosterone, T3 (triiodothyronine) and T4 (thyroxine)]. Results: the biochemical results showed an increase in the activities of liver enzymes [aspartate aminotransferase (ASAT) and alanine aminotransferase (ALAT)], and the levels of glucose, kidney functions (urea, and creatinine), lipid profile [total cholesterol, triglycerides, low density lipoprotein (LDL-C)] and thyroid hormones [thyroxin (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3)] in all treated groups when compared to the control group. A drop in protein profile (total protein, albumin, globulin and A/G ratio), testosterone hormone and HDL level were observed in the treated groups as compared to the control rats. Conclusion: it could be concluded that some food additives like sodium nitrite, annatto, and monosodium glutamate have extreme effects on liver and kidney functions, protein and lipid profiles and also on thyroid and testosterone hormones. So, it is recommended to minimize the use of these additives to protect young children and mature people from these destructive effects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Oxidative stress is induced by bisphenol A (BPA) and affects many organs. Vitamin E is an effective antioxidant which prevents the activity of free radicals. This study was aimed to clarify the effect of vitamin E on the oxidative stress induced by chronic administration of BPA. Materials and methods: 30 female albino rats were divided into 3 groups (10/each); group1: control rats, group 2: rats treated with bisphenol A (20 mg/ kg.B.wt) for three months, and group 3: rats treated with bisphenol A (20 mg/kg.B.wt) for three months, then treated with BPA and vitamin E (0.57/100 g B.wt) for other 15 days. Results: BPA induced hormonal disrupt in liver and kidney dysfunctions and hyperlipidemia. Vitamin E ameliorated all these parameters. Conclusion: since we exposed to many harmful disruptions and oxidative stress compounds, we must take vitamin E as a protective agent. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: bisphenol A (BPA) is a worldwide used endocrine disruptor that is incorporated in many plastic industries. The exposure of human to such substances starts early during the fetal life, postnatal life and extends throughout the life of the individual. Many agencies raised warnings against the excessive use of such substances. The aim of the present work was to evaluate the extent to which BPA can affect the first generation (of parents treated with the same compound, during pregnancy and lactation), which treated with the same compound during their life time. Materials and Methods: group 1: 15 control female rats. Group 2: 15 female rats of the first generation treated with BPA (20mg/kg b.wt) for one month. Sexual hormones, liver and kidney functions were measured. Results: BPA induced increase in breast and ovarian tumor markers. It also showed significant increase in estrogen, FSH, prolactin, and progesterone. It is also increased liver function, kidney function, lipid profile. In the same time it leads to decrease in LH, HDL, and protein levels. Conclusion: BPA induced toxicity, which is mediated by oxidative stress. This study ringing the bells of danger for using such compounds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The xenoestrogen, bisphenol-A (BPA), is a worldwide food contaminant with endocrine disruptor activity that is incorporated in many plastic industries. The exposure of humans to such substances starts early during the fetal life, postnatal life and extends throughout the life of the individual. Many agencies raised warnings against the excessive use of these substances. Aim of the work: The present study was designed to determine if the usage of stem cell enhancer (SE) moderates the physiological changes occasioned by exposure to BPA in the female albino rats. Materials and Methods: This study was performed on thirty female albino rats with an average 100-120 g body weight. The animals were divided into three groups; Group I (Control untreated-group), Group II (bisphenol-A treated group) and Group III (treated group orally supplied with bisphenol -A then treated with stem cell Enhancer (SE)). Serum was separated and used for estimation of hormonal levels [estradiol, progesterone, prolactin (PRL), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH)], some biochemical parameters (liver enzymes, kidney function, glucose and lipid profile) and CA-125 and CA 15-3 tumor markers. Results: The biochemical results showed marked significant increase (P<0.01) in the enzyme activities [aspartate aminotransferase (ASAT), alanine aminotransferase (ALAT) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP)],urea and creatinine in bisphenol-A treated group when compared to the control group. These parameters were significantly reduced in the group treated with stem cell enhancer as compared to bisphenol -A treated group. Decline in the concentration of lipid profile with increase in high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL- C) levels in the stem cell treated group as compared to bisphenol-A group were observed. There was a significant elevation in prolactin, FSH and tumor marker levels concomitant with a significant reduction in LH levels in bisphenol-A treated group compared to the control group. These results were changed to values very close to control by using the stem cell enhancer. Conclusion: It could be concluded that bisphenol-A has dangerous effects on liver and kidney functions as well as on lipid profile, female hormones and tumor markers level. So, we recommended minimizing the utililizing of this compound and the use of some protective materials as stem cell enhancer to protect people from its hazardous effects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Bisphenol A (BPA) is a worldwide used endocrine disruptor that is incorporated in many plastic industries. Exposure of humans to such substance starts early during the fetal life, postnatal life, and extends throughout the life of the individual. Many agencies raised warnings against excessive use of such substance. Aim of the work: This study aimed to investigate effects of the recovery period (RP) and stem cell enhancer (SCE) on the female albino rats which received BPA. Materials and Methods: This study was performed on forty female albino rats with an average body weight of 140-160 grams. Animals were divided into four groups (10 rats per cage); group I (control untreated for 30 days), group II (BPA treated for 15 days, and then sacrificed), group III (BPA treated first for 15 days, then left for another 15 days without any treatment "RP"), and group IV (BPA treated first for 15 days, then treated with SCE for another 15 days). The following biochemical analyses were done to all groups; ALT (alanine amino-transferase), AST (aspartate amino-transferase), GGT (gamma glutamyl-transferase), total proteins, albumin, globulins, A/G ratio [i.e., liver function tests], creatinine, A/C (albumin/creatinine) ratio, uric acid [i.e., renal function tests], total lipids, total cholesterol, LDL-C (low density lipoprotein cholesterol), HDL-C (high density lipoprotein cholesterol), and triglycerides [i.e., lipids profile]. Results: In the BPA treated rats (group II) the biochemical results showed highly significant increases (P<0.01) in the enzymatic activities of ALT, AST, GGT, creatinine, uric acid, total lipids, total cholesterol, LDL-C, and triglycerides levels, with only a significant increase (P<0.05) in globulins levels when compared to the control group. On the other hand, there was highly significant decreases (P<0.01) in total proteins, albumin, A/G ratio, A/C ratio, and HDL-C levels when compared to the control group. These results turned back to about the normal control values after stopping the use of BPA and either taking a RP (group III) or receiving the SCE (group IV). Conclusions and Recommendations: It could be concluded that BPA has dangerous toxic effects on the liver and kidney functions as well as on the lipids profile. So, we recommend minimizing utilization of this compound (BPA) as possible to protect people from these hazardous effects. Moreover, the RP (i.e., 15 days without treatment) is better than the use of SCE which has no more benefit against the antitoxic effects of BPA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Backgrounds: Natural remedies were used for cancer treatments, particular breast cancer. Also, the consumption of food products containing high amount of flavonoids and antioxidants had reported to lower the risk of various cancers. Bee venom (BV) and propolis were produced by honey bee. They were characterized by naturopathic formulation, affordability and containing high amount of antioxidants. Moreover, they were used safely since ancient times globally. Although that, there is no information about the synergistic or antagonistic anticancer effects of their combination. This study was designed to evaluate cytotoxic and pro-apoptotic effects of BV, propolis, and their combination on breast cancer (MCF-7) cells. Materials and Methods: As preliminary study, MCF-7 cells were treated with BV (5, 10, and 20μg/ml) and propolis (50, 150, and 450μg/ml) to specify the desired combination doses of each treatment with no anticancer effect individually. Consequently, doses of (5μg/ml BV+ 50μg/ml propolis and 5μg/ml BV+ 150μg/ml propolis) were chosen to evaluate the possible synergistic anticancer potential between them. All groups in this study were examined at 2, 4, and 12 hours intervals. The morphological changes were evaluated by acridine orange/ ethidium bromide dual fluorescent staining and Giemsa staining to reveal the formation of apoptotic bodies or nuclear condensation and cytoplasmic blebbing, respectively. DNA fragmentation assay was also carried out to record the reduction in DNA content and apoptosis. Bcl-2 expression, cytoplasmic anti-apoptotic marker, was used to prove the apoptotic properties, and autophagic cell death by florescent microscopy was evaluated also. Results: Morphological observation by inverted and florescent microscopy revealed apoptotic cell death under exposure to BV (10 and 20μg/ml) and propolis (450μg/ml). On the other hand, the results of combined treatments revealed significant morphological alterations after fluorescent and Giemsa staining. Apoptotic DNA fragmentation was clearly observed and Bcl-2 recoded significant down regulation which proved the apoptotic properties of combined treatments. Additionally, autophagic degradation results also supported the occurrence of stress on treated cells leading finally to cell death. All results of powerful anticancer potential were obvious among all combined-treated groups in dose and time dependent manner. This clear that, the combined treatments have possible synergistic effect which, propose it as potential candidates to be used in development of chemotherapy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Bisphenol-A (BPA) is an organic synthetic polycarbonate compound [(CH3)2 C(C6H4OH)2] which is widely incorporated into many plastic industries worldwide. BPA is an endocrine disruptor that exhibits hormone-like properties which may promote adverse effects in humans, triggering estrogenic signals in target tissues, which raise concern about its suitability in some consumer products and food containers. Since 2008, several governments have investigated BPA safety, which prompted some retailers to withdraw polycarbonate products. A 2010 report from the United States (US) Food and Drug Administration (FDA) identified possible hazards of BPA tofetuses, infants, and young children. However, the FDA has ended its authorization of the use of BPA in baby bottles and infant formula packaging, based on market abandonment, not safety. Aim of the work: This study aimed to investigate the antitoxic effects of the anti-estrogen drug Tamoxifen (Nolvadex) and the recovery period on the female albino rats which received BPA. Materials and Methods: This study was performed on forty female albino rats with an average body weight of 140-160 grams. The animals were divided intofour groups (10 rats per cage); Group I (Control untreated for 30 days), Group II (BPA treated for 15 days, then sacrificed), Group III (BPA treated first for 15 days, then left to a recovery period of another 15 days), and Group IV (BPA treated first for 15 days, then treated with the anti-estrogen drug Nolvadex for another 15 days). The following analyses were done to all groups; ALT (alanine amino-transferase), AST (aspartate amino-transferase), GGT (gamma glutamyl-transferase), total proteins, albumin, globulins, A/G ratio [i.e., liver function tests], creatinine, uric acid, A/C (albumin/creatinine) ratio [i.e., renal function tests], total lipids, total cholesterol, LDL-C (low density lipoprotein cholesterol), HDL-C (high density lipoprotein cholesterol), and triglycerides [i.e., lipids profile]. Results: In the BPA treated group II the biochemical results showed highly significant increase (P<0.01) in the enzymatic activities of ALT, AST, and GGT with concomitant increase in globulins (P<0.05), creatinine, uric acid, total lipids, total cholesterol, LDL-C, and triglycerides levels when compared to the control group. On the other hand, there was highly significant decrease (P<0.01) in total proteins, albumin, A/G (albumin/globulin) ratio, A/C (albumin/creatinine) ratio, and HDL-C levels when compared to the control group. These results turned back to normal control values after stopping the use of BPA alone (Group III) or stopping BPA and treatment with the anti-estrogen drug Nolvadex in the recovery period, except for ALT which was elevated (P<0.05) with Nolvadex (Group IV). Conclusion: It could be concluded that BPA has dangerous toxic effects on the liver and kidney functions as well as on the lipids profile. Moreover, the recovery period (i.e., 15 days without treatment) is better than the use of the anti-estrogens (as Tamoxifen) which have no antitoxic effects to BPA, but caused hepatic toxicity instead which is noted by an increase in ALT levels. So, we recommend minimizing utilization of this compound (BPA) to protect people from its hazardous effects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: The study on the natural herbal contraception has become one of the main interests of modern contraceptive studies. Herbs have been used by women since the beginning of time in an attempt to control their fertility. The development of new fertility regulating drugs derived from medicinal plants is an attractive proposition, Aloe Vera is a durable plant belonging to Sousanian family. Aim of the work: This work was assessed to evaluate the probable contraceptive effect of the aqueous extract of Aloe vera plant and its effect on the some vital organs in the female albino rats. Materials and Methods: This study was performed on twenty female albino rats with an average 120-140g body weight. The animals were divided into two groups (5 /cage); Group I (Control untreated group) and Group II (Aloe vera group that supplied orally with 7 mg/kg body wt/day of the plant extract for 30 ± 2 days). Results A prolonged proestrus and estrus phases of the estrous cycle were observed in the Aloe vera group. The mean serum level of estrogen (estradiol) was significantly increased in the Aloe vera group as compared to the control group (P<0.01) while non significant difference was found for serum level of progesterone and the tumor markers, CA15-3 and CA-125. The results also showed a marked decline (p<0.01) in levels of the serum calcium, creatinine, urea, total proteins, albumin, globulin and ratio of TC/HDL accompanied with a marked elevation (p<0.01) in the serum phosphorus, total lipid, TC, TG, HDL and LDL levels in the Aloe vera group in comparison with those of control group. However, levels of uric acid, AST, ALT, GGT, VLDL and ratios of LDL/HDL (risk factors) and A/G were approximately as that of the control group. Conclusion: It could be concluded that Aloe vera can be used as a contraceptive drug that can increase the estrogen level due to its phytoestrogen components such as beta sitosterol and without deleterious effects on the other vital organ ( liver and kidney), however it's use is to be restricted with women suffering from low ca++level as well as osteoporosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Back ground: The use of medicinal plants for management of diabetes mellitus is an old practice which has become even more relevant in modern perspective. The present work was designed to evaluate the effect of a mixture of five medicinal plants which used in folk medicine in Egypt especially in Sinai as hypoglycemic agents on the adult male diabetic rats. These plants are Cleome droserifolia (Samwah), Ambrosia maritima (Damsissa), Artemisia judaica (Shih kharasani), Chiliadenus montanus or Jasonia Montana (Neheda) and Artemisia annua (Kaysom). Material and Methods: Thirty male albino rats were divided equally into three groups including control, diabetic and diabetic treated with a mixture of aqueous extract. A single dose of alloxan (120 mg/kg body weight) was used to induce diabetes in rats. Diabetic rats were given plant mixture extract orally twice daily for 30 days (28.5 mg/kg body weight (b. wt.) twice/day). Results: there was a marked decline (p<0.01) in levels of serum insulin, body weight (4.98 %), total proteins, albumin, globulin and high density lipoproteins (HDL) accompanied with marked elevation (p<0.01) in levels of fasting blood glucose, homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA_IR), aspartate aminotransferase(ASAT), alanine aminotransferase (ALAT), gamma-glutamyltransferase (GGT), urea, creatinine, uric acid, serum total lipids(TL), total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides TG, low density lipoproteins (LDL), and very low density lipoproteins(VLDL), risk ratios of TC/HDL and LDL/HDL in diabetic rats as compared to the control rats. While administration of aqueous extract of plant mixture to alloxan diabetic rats significantly ameliorated the disturbed biochemical parameters. Conclusion: These results proved that this plant mixture extract has a significant hypoglycemic effect and ameliorating metabolic abnormalities induced by diabetes mellitus. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background:Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a chronic disease caused by inherited or acquired deficiency in insulin secretion and by decreased responsiveness of the organs to the secreted insulin. Recently, some medicinal plants have been reported to be useful in diabetes treatment. Cleome droserifolia (Samwah) having a long history in Egyptian folk medicine for treatment of diabetes mellitus. Aim of the work:The aim of the present study was to evaluate the possible antihyperglycemic property of Cleome droserifolia extract (CDE) and its antioxidant mechanism in alloxan induced diabetic rats. Material and Methods:This study was performed on thirty male albino rats of Sprague Dawely strain with an average body weight of 100-110g. Animals were divided into three groups (ten/cage), control untreated group, diabetic group and diabetic group treated with plant extract that was given orally (28.5 mg/kg body wt. twice/ day). Results: Results showed marked decline in levels of serum insulin, body weight, total proteins, albumin, globulin and high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL). These are accompanied with marked elevation in levels of fasting blood glucose, HOMA-IR, AST, ALT, GGT, urea, creatinine, uric acid, serum total lipids (TL), total cholesterol (TC), triacylglycerols (TG), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL), very low density lipoprotein cholesterol (VLDL) and ratios of TC/HDL and LDL/HDL (risk factors) in diabetic rats as compared to the corresponding controls. While the daily administration of diabetic rats with CDE showed significant amelioration in most of these parameters. Conclusion: It could be concluded that CDE treatment exerts a therapeutic protective nature in diabetes by decreasing oxidative stress and pancreatic β-cells' damage which may be attributed to its antioxidative potential and antidiabetic property. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Diabetes mellitus is one of the common and widely distributed metabolic diseases all over the world. This disease is characterized by hyperglycemia that results from defects in insulin secretion, insulin action or both. Different medicinal plant species are used as a traditional treatment for diabetes mellitus e.g. Ambrosia maritima, L. (Damsissa) which is one of these plants that its extract was used to treat diabetic patients long times ago. Aim of the work: This work was aimed to investigate the antidiabetic, hypolipidemic and antioxidant effects of the aqueous extract of Ambrosia maritima, L. (Damsissa) on the alloxan-induced diabetic male albino rats. Material and Methods: This study was performed on thirty male albino rats with an average 100-110 g body weight. The animals were divided into three groups (10 /cage); Group I (Control untreatedgroup), Group II (Alloxan-induced diabetic group) and Group III (diabetic group treated orally with -28.5 mg/ kg body wt. twice/ day" of the plant extract). Results: The biochemical results showed marked decline (p<0.01) in the levels of the serum insulin, body weight, total proteins, albumin, globulin and HDL accompanied with marked elevation (p<0.001) in the levels of fasting blood glucose, levels of HOMA_IR, AST, ALT, GGT, urea, creatinine, uric acid, serum TC, TG, LDL, VLDL and ratios of TC/HDL and LDL/HDL (risk factors) in diabetic rats in comparison with the control group. Daily management of the diabetic rates with aqueous extract of Damsissa showed significant improvement in most of these parameters. Histologically, considerable improvement in the morphological changes that was observed in diabetic groups had been detected after treatment with Damsissa in liver, kidney and pancreatic tissues in comparison to the control group. Conclusion: It could be concluded that Ambrosia maritima, L. (Damsissa) can be used as an antidiabetic drug that can lower blood glucose concentration and guard against the negative effects of diabetes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Diabetes mellitus is one of the common and widely distributed metabolic diseases all over the world. This disease is characterized by hyperglycemia that results from defects in insulin secretion, insulin action or both. In Asia, different medicinal plant species are used as a traditional treatment for diabetes mellitus e.g. Jasonia montana (Neheda) was one of these plants that was used in a mixture to treat diabetic patients long times ago. Aim of the work: This work was aimed to investigate the antidiabetic, hypolipidemic and antioxidant effects of the aqueous extract of Jasonia montana (Neheda) on the alloxan-induced diabetic male albino rats. Material and Methods: This study was performed on thirty male albino rats with an average 100-110 g body weight. The animals were divided into three groups (10 /cage); Group I (Control untreated group), Group II (Alloxan-induced diabetic group) and Group III (diabetic group treated orally with -28.5 mg/ kg body wt. twice/ day" of the plant extract). Results: The biochemical results showed marked decline (p<0.01) in levels of the serum insulin, body weight, total proteins, albumin, globulin and HDL accompanied with marked elevation (p<0.001) in the levels of fasting blood glucose, levels of HOMA_IR, AST, ALT, GGT, urea, creatinine, uric acid, serum TC, TG, LDL, VLDL and ratios of TC/HDL and LDL/HDL (risk factors) in diabetic rats in comparison with the control group. Daily management of diabetic rates with aqueous extract of Neheda showed significant improvement in most of these parameters. Histologically, considerable improvement in the morphological changes that was observed in diabetic groups had been detected after treatment with Neheda in liver, kidney and pancreatic tissues in comparison to the control group. Conclusion: It could be concluded that Jasonia montana (Neheda) can be used as an antidiabetic drug that can lower blood glucose concentration and guard against the negative effects of diabetes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Objective: Diabetes is the most common endocrine disorder affecting millions of people worldwide. Nowadays, herbal drugs are gaining popularity in the treatment of diabetes and its complications. The current study was aimed at evaluating the significance of supplementation of Artemisia annua (Kaysom) extract in reducing the metabolic abnormalities accompanied with alloxaninduced diabetes in male albino rats. Material and Methods: Thirty male albino rats were divided equally into three groups including control, diabetic and diabetic treated with Kaysom extract . A single dose of alloxan(120 mg/kg body weight) was used to induce diabetes in rats. Diabetic rats were administered Kaysom extract orally twice daily for 30 days. At the end of the experimental period, level of serum fasting insulin and glucose in addition to serum lipids profile such as total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), high density lipoproteins (HDL), low density lipoproteins (LDL), and very low density lipoproteins(VLDL); serum proteins including total proteins, albumin and globulin; renal markers (creatinine, urea and uric acid) and activity of certain enzymes such as aspartate aminotransferase (ASAT), alanine aminotransferase (ALAT) and gammaglutamyltransferase (GGT) was determined for all groups. In. addition, estimation of % change of body weight, values of homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR) and ratios of albumin:globulin (A:G), TC/HDL, LDL/HDL (risk ratios 1 and2) were calculated for each group. Results: Diabetic rats showed a marked decline (p<0.01) in the level of; serum insulin, body weight (4.98 %),total proteins, albumin, globulin and HDL accompanied with marked elevation (p<0.01) in level of; fasting blood glucose, HOMA_IR, ASAT, ALAT ,GGT, urea, creatinine, uric acid, serum TC, TG, LDL, VLDL and ratios of TC/HDL and LDL/HDL (risk factors) as compared to the corresponding of controls. Supplementation of diabetic rats with Kaysom extract significantly ameliorated most of the estimated biochemical parameters. Conclusion: These results demonstrate that Kaysom extract may be of advantage in inhibiting hyperglycemia and ameliorating metabolic abnormalities induced by diabetes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Noise and crowding are the most stressful factors which cause depressant effects on human beings, especially females.Therfore this study was aimed at clarifying their effects on hypothalamus pituitary gonadal axis hormones (luteinizing hormone (LH) and follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), estrogen (E2)and progesterone as well as prolactin (PRL)and the possible protective effect of antidepressant drug;sulpiride. Material and Methods: Sixty adult female rats were divided into six groups (10/each): 1- Rats served as control, 2- Rats treated with sulpiride drug only, 3- Rats exposed to noise (90db, 3hr. per day) for 45 days, 4- Rats exposed to noise and treated with sulpiride drug, 5- Rats exposed to crowding and 6- Rats exposed to crowding and treated with sulpiride drug. Results: Noise and crowding stresses caused a significant decrease of estrogen (E2), progesterone (P), LH and FSH levels and high significant increase in PRL level. Sulpiride drug ameliorated these parameters changes except PRL level which showed a high significant level compared to control group. Conclusion: it is useful to use antidepressant drug (e.g. sulpiride) with people who are exposing to noise and crowding stress. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Infertile obese women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a common endocrinopathy affecting women and characterized by hyperandrogenism, chronic anovulation with either oligomenorrhea or amenorrhea and hyperandrogenism, and its morbidity may include hyperinsulinemia, insulin resistance. Lipolax was used to enhance the ovulation response especially when beginning the intra cytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) protocol. This study aimed to enhance the sexual hormones, lipid profile, ovulation response and pregnancy outcome in infertile obese PCOS women's treated with Lipolax drug (fenofibrate) before undergoing to ICSI. Setting: This study was conducted in International Islamic Center for Population Studies and Research-Assisted Reproduction Unit, Al-Azhar University during the period between 2009 and 2011. Patients and Methods: A total number of 75 infertile patients with obese PCOS were randomized to receive oral Lipolax (fenofibrate) for three months before undergoing to ICSI. For each patient FBS and Hb, hormonal profile included FSH, LH, FSH/LH ratio, E2, PRL and lipid profile evaluation were performed at baseline and after 3 months of treatment. Results: There was a significant decrease in the FBS, in cases treated with Lipolax when compared with control or obese PCOS, no significant differences were noticed in the level of Hb% in both groups. Total lipids, triglycerides and total cholesterol decreased significantly compared with obese PCOS group. Significant decrease was also observed in respect to LDL in cases of Lipolax treated group than cases of obese PCOS, significant increase in the level of HDL was recorded. A significant enhance was detected in increase FSH hormone level and decrease LH, FSH/LH ratio and E2 hormonal level after Lipolax treatment, no difference was observed in prolactin hormonal profile. Observed improvement was detected in the number of HMG ampoules, mature oocytes, and number of grade A embryos and also in pregnancy outcome. Conclusion: Lipolax (lowering cholesterol agent) improving the response in obese PCOS women undergoing ICSI, by enhance their resistance sensitivity in transadipose tissue leads to improve the function of gonads and sexual hormones and lipids profile which leads to decreased total cost of ICSI by lowering the number of stimulation ampoules and increase mature collected oocytes and finally the percent of successful pregnancy rate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Noise and crowding are the most stressful factors for human beings. This study is aimed to clarify their effect on some thyroid hormones and the amelioration effect of sulprid . Material and Methods: Thirty six female rats were divided into four groups (6/each): 1-control, 2-treated with sulpiride drug, 3- rat exposed to noise (90db/3hper day for 45 days) 4-Noise plus drug, 5 -- rat exposed to crowded exposure and 6- crowded plus drug. Results: Noise and crowding stresses caused a significant increase only of T3 and T4 while there was a significant decrease in TSH. Sulpiride drug was ameliorated these parameters. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Egyptian infertile obese women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) were markedly increased in ART Unit for infertility treatment undergoing ICSI. In a trial to enhance the ovulation, fertilization response and pregnancy outcome treated patients with Metformin as insulin sensitizing drug, 3 months before ICSI processing. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of Metformin on the hormonal profile, lipid and lipoprotein profile and insulin resistance in obese PCOS patients undergoing ICSI. Setting: This study was conducted at International Islamic Center for Population Studies and Research, Assisted Reproduction Unit, Al-Azhar University during the period between 2009 and 2011. Design: A prospective randomized study. Patient and Methods: A total of 75 patients with obese PCOS were randomized to receive oral Metformin for three months. For each patient, FBS and Hb, hormonal profile included FSH, LH, FSH/LH ratio, E 2 and PRL, lipid and lipoprotein profile included total cholesterol, LDL, HDL and triglycerides evaluation were performed at baseline and after 3 months of treatment. Results: There was a significant decrease in the FBS in cases treated with Metformin when compared with control or obese PCOS, no significant differences were noticed in the level of Hb% in both groups. Total lipids, triglycerides and total cholesterol were decreased significantly compared with obese PCOS group. Significant decrease was also observed in respect to LDL in cases of Metformin than cases of obese PCOS. Significant increase in the level of HDL was recorded. Significant decrease was detected in FSH, LH and FSH/LH ratio in Metformin treated group while no difference was observed in prolactin or estradiol hormonal profiles. Observed improvement was detected in the number of received HMG ampoules, mature oocytes, number of grade A embryos and in pregnancy outcome. Conclusion: Metformin as lowering insulin resistance, improving the response in obese PCOS women undergoing ICSI, by enhance their resistance sensitivity in transadipose tissue leads to improvement the function of gonads and hormonal and lipids profile .This improvement was detected by decreased total cost for ICSI, lowering the number of both given stimulation ampoules and mature collected oocytes and finally the percent of successful pregnancy rate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Xenoestrogens are widely used environmental chemicals that have recently been under scrutiny because of their possible role as endocrine disrupters. Among them is digoxin that is commonly used in the treatment of heart failure and atrial dysrhythmias. Digoxin is a cardiac glycoside derived from the foxglove plant, Digitalis lanata and suspected to act as estrogen in living organisms. Aim of the work: The purpose of the current study was to elucidate the sexual hormonal and biochemical patterns of male albino rats under the effect of digoxin treatment. Material and Methods: Forty six male albino rats (100-120g) were divided into three groups (16 rats for each). Half of the groups were treated daily for 15 days and the other half for 30 days. Control group: Animals without any treatment. Digoxin L group: orally received digoxin at low dose equivalent of 0.0045mg/200g.b.wt. Digoxin H group: administered digoxin orally at high dose equivalent of 0.0135mg/200g.b.wt. At the end of the experimental periods, blood was collected and serum was separated for estimation the levels of prolactin (PRL), FSH, LH, total testosterone (total T), aspartate amino transferase (AST), alanine amino transferase (ALT), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), urea, creatinine, total proteins, albumin, total lipids, total cholesterol (total-chol), Triglycerides (TG), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-chol) and high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-chol). Results: Results showed marked elevation in PRL and FSH levels and significant reduction in LH and total T levels in all treated groups compared to the corresponding controls. Serum enzyme activities (ALT, AST and ALP) and levels of urea, creatinine, total lipids, total-chol, TG and LDL-chol were obviously elevated in all the treated groups as compared to control groups. Marked decline was recorded in the values of total proteins, albumin, A/G ratio and HDL-chol in all the treated groups at the end of the two time intervals of treatment compared to controls. Regarding serum globulin level, treatment of rats with the low dose of digoxin for 15 days induced significant reduction in this parameter, while globulin returned back to its normal level after 30 days of treatment. On the other hand, the high dose of digoxin caused significant decline in serum globulin concentrations at the two time intervals of treatment. Most of the recorded changes in hormonal and biochemical parameters exhibited dose and time-dependent manner. Conclusion: The results of the current research confirmed that digoxin disrupts the sexual hormonal pattern and biochemical parameters. So, we recommend replacing of this drug by others without estrogenic activity, particularly if it is indicated at a high dose or for a long period of time. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: Type II diabetes mellitus is increasing health problems that negatively affect health care systems worldwide. There is a constant urge to develop new therapies with better effects, lower side effects at lower prices to treat this disease. Therefore, the present study carried out to investigate whether Balanites aegyptiaca (seeds) could treat the hyperglycemic, dislipidemic, liver, and kidney toxicity and the pancreatic damage in diabetic rats. Material and method: fifteen adult male albino rats were divided into two groups; group 1: control group, group 2: alloxan induced diabetic rats that divided into two subgroups; subgroup1: diabetic untreated rats, subgroup2: diabetic treated with aqueous extract of B. aegyptiaca (seeds). After thirty days of treatment, all rats were sacrificed. Blood sample were collected to estimate some hematological and biochemical parameters. Liver samples were collected to determine their glycogen content and pancreatic samples were obtained and processed for microscopic and quantitative evaluation of α, β & δ-cells number. Results: diabetic group recorded reduction in body weight's gained, hyperglycemia, hypoinsulinemia, significant increase in some parameters of liver and kidney functions, dislipidemia, changes in proteins level and decreased liver glycogen content. While, treatment with B. aegyptiaca (seeds) was ameliorated most of the toxic effects of alloxan and showed partially improvement in histological changes produced by alloxan. Conclusion: The aqueous extract of B. aegyptiaca (seeds) has hypoglycemic, hypolipidemic effects, increasing insulin level, and decreasing insulin resistance. Moreover, ameliorate the most complication associated with diabetes mellitus. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: The number of people suffering diabetes mellitus is increasing worldwide at an alarming rate. A huge number of populations in the world are entirely dependent on traditional medications. This practice may be due to their safety, effectiveness, and availability as well as their fewer side effects when compared to the synthetic hypoglycemic agents. The present study was carried out to investigate and compare the activity of Lupinus albus (seeds), Medicago sativa (seeds) and the mixture of both plants seeds on some biochemical, hematological and histological parameters in alloxan-induced diabetic rats. Material and method: Twenty-five male adult albino rats were divided into two groups: group 1: control group (five animals) and group 2: alloxan induced diabetic rats. Diabetic rats were further divided into four subgroups, five animals each. Subgroup1: diabetic untreated rats; subgroup 2: diabetic rates treated with aqueous extract of Lupinus albus seeds; subgroup 3: diabetic rats treated with aqueous extract of Medicago sativa seeds; and finally subgroup4: diabetic rats treated with aqueous extract of the mixture of Lupinus albus and Medicago sativa seeds. After thirty days of treatment all rats were sacrificed, blood sample were collected to estimate some biochemical and hematological parameters. Liver samples were collected to determine their glycogen content and pancreatic samples were obtained and processed for microscopic and quantitative evaluation. Results: In diabetic group, there was reduction in body weight's, hyperglycemia, hypoinsulinemia, significant increase in some parameters of liver and kidney functions as well as significant changes in lipids profile and proteins level with significant decreased liver glycogen content. All treated groups restored most of the mentioned parameters to their normal values. Moreover, these treatments recorded partial improvement in the histopathological changes produced by alloxan. Conclusion: The aqueous extract of Lupinus albus or Medicago sativa (seeds) or by their mixture has hypoglycemic and hypolipidemic effects by increasing insulin level and decreasing insulin resistance. In addition, they ameliorate most complications of diabetes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: There is strong evidence that diabetes results a state of oxidative stress and that reactive oxygen species contribute to the production of insulin resistance, β-cell dysfunction and both the microvascular and macrovascular long-term complications of diabetes. Antioxidants are used as supportive therapy in the treatment of DM, so, we use ozone and vitamin C to study if they can regulate the oxidative complications of DM. Material and method: twenty male adult albino rats were divided into two groups; group 1 : control group, group 2: alloxan induced diabetic rats which divided into three subgroups. subgroupl: diabetic untreated rats, subgroup2: diabetic treated with ozone and subgroup 3: diabetic rats treated with vitamin C. After thirty days of treatment the body weight gain was detected. Blood sample were collected tol- estimate biochemical parameters as: glucose, serum insulin, lipid and protein profiles and liver and kidney functions 2- estimate some hematological parameters. Also, liver samples collected to determine their glycogen content and pancreatic samples were obtained for microscopic and quantitative evaluation. Results: in diabetic untreated rats the results showed reduction of gained body weight, hyperglycemia, and hypoinsulinemia, significant increase in liver and kidney functions and change in lipid and protein profiles and decreased liver glycogen content. While, O3 and vitamin C treated rats reported an amelioration of the most toxic effect of alloxan and returned most of these parameters nearly normal. Microscopically pancreatic beta cells showed definite vaculation, degeneration, karyolysis and pyknosis in the diabetic group while pancreatic alpha and delta cells were not affected. The use of O3 and vitamin C treatment in this study showed significant improves of such cellular changes when compared to diabetic untreated rats but still abnormal when compared with normal rats. Conclusion: it was recommended that the use of the O3 or vitamin C as a supplementary agent to reduce oxidative stress damage of hyperglycemia and recommended to use variable doses and different periods of treatment to evaluate the best dose and period. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Back ground: Xenoestrogens are compounds like estrogens in effect but not in structure which are mimicking the action of endogenous estrogen and activate estrogen receptor. Xenoestrogens are chemically distinct industrial products potentially able to disrupt the endocrine system by mimicking the action of endogenous steroid hormones. Among such compounds, the ubiquitous environmental contaminants bisphenol-A (BPA) may promote adverse effects in humans triggering estrogenic signals in target tissues. Bisphenol- A is widely used in food and drinks packaging. Aim of the work: The present study is carrying out to evaluate the effect of bisphenol-A on sexual hormonal pattern in male albino rats. Material and Methods: 64adult male Sprague - Dawley rats (100-120 g) were divided to four groups (16 rats/group).Group (1): control group without any treatment. Group(2): positive control group was injected subcutaneously (s.c) with sesame oil daily. Group (3): received BPA daily with low dose (10 mg/kg/day s.c). Group (4): received BPA daily with high dose (30 mg/kg/day s.c). The experiment durated 30 days, half rats of each group were sacrificed after 15 days of treatment and the other half of groups after 30 days. The blood was collected, serum was separated and used for estimation of (hormonal levels, prolactin, gonadotrophin and testosterone) and some biochemical parameters (liver enzymes, kidney function, protein and lipid profile). Testis, liver and kidney were taken for the histopathological examination. Results: Biochemical results showed significant elevation in prolactin and FSH levels and significant reduction in LH and testosterone levels in all groups compared to the control group. Increased serum enzymes (ASAT, ALAT& ALP) levels with increased concentration of urea and creatinine were detected in all the treated groups compared to the control group. Decline in protein profile and elevation in the concentration of lipid profile, while HDL was decreased in all the treated groups. Histopathological results showed dystrophic changes in the form of congestion in the blood vessels of the testis, liver and kidney of rats with thickening of walls of the blood vessels especially in the testis. In liver, focal inflammatory areas, with dilated and congested central and portal veins were found. Vacuolar degenerative changes in hepatocytes were seen. In the kidney, mild nephritis, sclerotic changes in glomerular tuft, hyaline casts in the lumen of epithelial cells which lining convoluted tubule were noticed. Conclusion: From the previous results we concluded that bisphenol-A has dangerous effects on the testis, liver and kidney tissues. Also it disrupted sexual hormonal pattern and affect biochemical and lipid parameters. So, we recommended minimizing the utililizing of these compound to protect people from its hazardous effects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Back ground: Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a major health problem worldwide in recent time. Asia and Africa are the most viable areas where the disease is feared to raise 2-3 folds. Many herbal products have been recommended for the treatment of DM in ancient literature of Ayurveda in India and other worldwide. Material and method: Thirty male adult albino rats were used to investigate the effect of Catharanthus rosea (C.roseus) on diabetic rats. Rats were divided into three equal groups, control, diabetic non treated and diabetic C.roseus treated groups. After thirty days of treatment all rats of each group were sacrificed. The body weight of each rat was determined at the beginning and the end of each period. Blood glucose, serum insulin, lipid and protein profiles, liver and kidney functions, blood picture and liver glycogen were determined for each rat at the end of each period. Pancreatic samples were obtained and processed for microscopic and quantitative evaluation after staining the prepared sections with heamatoxylin and eosin as well as special stain for demonstration of the different pancreatic cells in the islets of Langerhans. Results: The obtained results showed that the diabetic rats were diagnosed by laboratory assessment to body weight loss, hyperglycemia, and hypoinsulinemia, significant increase in liver and kidney functions, lipid and protein profiles and decreased liver glycogen content. While, C.roseus treatment led to a significant improvement in these parameters except liver function. Microscopically there was definite vaculation, degeneration, karyolysis and pyknosis of beta pancreatic cells in the diabetic group, while other pancreatic cells were not affected (alpha and delta cells). The use of C.roseus treatment of this study greatly improves such cellular changes. Conclusion: It was recommended that the use of the water extract of C. roseus levies as a hypoglycemic agent may offer a new hope to the diabetics in future. It's well recommended to use variable doses and different periods of treatment to evaluate the best dose and period. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]