20 results on '"Hedman, Curtis J."'
Search Results
2. Structural dynamics of microbial communities in polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon-contaminated tropical estuarine sediments undergoing simulated aerobic biotreatment
- Author
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Obi, Chioma C., Adebusoye, Sunday A., Amund, Olukayode O., Ugoji, Esther O., Ilori, Mathew O., Hedman, Curtis J., and Hickey, William J.
- Published
- 2017
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3. Development of a sensitive LC/MS/MS method for vitamin D metabolites: 1,25 Dihydroxyvitamin D2&3 measurement using a novel derivatization agent
- Author
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Hedman, Curtis J., Wiebe, Donald A., Dey, Subhakar, Plath, Josh, Kemnitz, Joseph W., and Ziegler, Toni E.
- Published
- 2014
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4. Suspended microfluidics
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Casavant, Benjamin P., Berthier, Erwin, Theberge, Ashleigh B., Berthier, Jean, Montanez-Sauri, Sara I., Bischel, Lauren L., Brakke, Kenneth, Hedman, Curtis J., Bushman, Wade, Keller, Nancy P., and Beebe, David J.
- Published
- 2013
5. Influence of Acidification on the Partitioning of Steroid Hormones among Filtrate, Filter Media, and Retained Particulate Matter.
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Havens, Sonya M., Hedman, Curtis J., Hemming, Jocelyn D. C., Mieritz, Mark G., Shafer, Martin M., and Schauer, James J.
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STEROID hormones ,WATER acidification ,WATER pollution ,WATER filtration ,FILTRATION of runoff - Abstract
Hormone contamination of aquatic systems has been shown to have deleterious effects on aquatic biota. However, the assessment of hormone contamination of aquatic environments requires a quantitative evaluation of the potential effects of sample preservation on hormone concentrations. This study investigated the influence of acidification (pH 2) of surface water samples on the partitioning of hormones among filtrate, filter media, and filter-retained particulate matter. Hormones were spiked into unpreserved and sulfuric acid-preserved ultrapure water and surface water runoff samples. The samples were filtered, and hormones were extracted from the filter and filtrate and analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography. Acidification did not influence the partitioning of hormones onto the filter media. For the majority of the hormones investigated in this study, the partitioning of hormones to the filter-retained particulate matter was not influenced by acidification. Acidification increased the partitioning of progesterone and melengestrol acetate onto the retained particulate matter (about 25% for both analytes). Incorporation of an isotopically labeled internal standard (ISTD) for progesterone accounted for the loss of progesterone to the filter-retained particulates and resulted in accurate concentrations of progesterone in the filtrate. The incorporation of an ISTD for melengestrol acetate, however, was unable to account for the loss of melengestrol acetate to the retained particulates and resulted in underestimations of melengestrol acetate in the filtrate. Our results indicate that the analysis of melengestrol acetate in acid preserved surface runoff samples should be conducted on the filter-retained particulates as well as the filtrate. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2016
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6. Measurement of 25-hydroxyvitamin D2&3 and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D2&3 by tandem mass spectrometry: A primate multispecies comparison.
- Author
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Ziegler, Toni E., Kapoor, Amita, Hedman, Curtis J., Binkley, Neil, and Kemnitz, Joseph W.
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VITAMIN D ,PRIMATOLOGY ,PRIMATES ,LIQUID chromatography-mass spectrometry ,CALLITHRIX jacchus ,RHESUS monkeys ,HEALTH - Abstract
Vitamin D metabolites are widely studied for their roles in bone health, immune functions, and other potential physiologic roles in humans. However, the optimal blood levels of vitamin D metabolites are still unclear. Various methods for measuring vitamin D metabolites have been used and recently liquid chromatography tandem mass spectroscopy (LC-MS/MS) has been adopted as the gold standard for vitamin D metabolite measurement. Here, we report the use of LC-MS/MS to measure 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25(OH)D
2&3 ), and 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D (1,25(OH)2 D2&3 ), in three laboratory nonhuman primate species: common marmoset ( Callithrix jacchus), rhesus macaque ( Macaca mulatta), and cynomolgus macaque ( Macaca fascicularis), and compare them to humans using the same technique. The nonhuman primates showed blood levels for 25(OH)D3 and 1,25(OH)2 D3 significantly higher than human values with marmosets having the highest levels. Marmoset samples showed significantly more variability among individuals than those from macaques for both metabolites, but all three nonhuman primate species exhibited large variation within species for both 25(OH)D2&3 and 1,25(OH)2 D2&3 . Marmoset females had significantly lower values than the males for 25(OH)D3 , while rhesus males showed a significant decrease in 25(OH)D3 with age. The most striking finding is the variation within species for vitamin D levels even in laboratory primates that have a controlled diet, UV exposure, and in some cases, genetic constraints. Similar variation in 25(OH)D responses to a fixed dose of oral vitamin D supplementation has been reported in humans. We suggest that these species can provide primate models for examining the factors influencing variation in the levels of vitamin D necessary for human and nonhuman primate health. Am. J. Primatol. 77:801-810, 2015. © 2015 Wiley Periodicals, Inc. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2015
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7. Development of a sensitive LC/MS/MS method for vitamin D metabolites: 1,25 Dihydroxyvitamin D2&3 measurement using a novel derivatization agent.
- Author
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Hedman, Curtis J., Wiebe, Donald A., Dey, Subhakar, Plath, Josh, Kemnitz, Joseph W., and Ziegler, Toni E.
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VITAMIN D metabolism , *LIQUID chromatography-mass spectrometry , *DERIVATIZATION , *BLOOD serum analysis , *IONIZING radiation - Abstract
Highlights: [•] 1,25 dihydroxyvitamin D2, D3 is the active form of vitamin D and requires sensitive methods for measuring in human serum. [•] A new ionizing agent, Amplifex, was tested for its ability to enhance liquid chromatography/mass spectrometry measurement. [•] The Amplifex method significantly correlated with values measured by standard RIA and mass spectrometry. [•] Sensitivity of 10 fold resulted over other derivatizing methods. [•] This new method resulted in increased sensitivity and required half the sample volume of other methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
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- 2014
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8. Circulating serum xenoestrogens and mammographic breast density.
- Author
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Sprague, Brian L., Trentham-Dietz, Amy, Hedman, Curtis J., Jue Wang, Hemming, Jocelyn D. C., Hampton, John M., Buist, Diana S. M., Aiello Bowles, Erin J., Sisney, Gale S., and Burnside, Elizabeth S.
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XENOESTROGENS ,BREAST cancer risk factors ,PHYSIOLOGICAL effects of phthalate esters ,PARABENS ,PHYSIOLOGICAL effects of phenols ,BODY mass index - Abstract
Introduction: Humans are widely exposed to estrogenically active phthalates, parabens, and phenols, raising concerns about potential effects on breast tissue and breast cancer risk. We sought to determine the association of circulating serum levels of these chemicals (reflecting recent exposure) with mammographic breast density (a marker of breast cancer risk). Methods: We recruited postmenopausal women aged 55 to 70 years from mammography clinics in Madison, Wisconsin (N = 264). Subjects completed a questionnaire and provided a blood sample that was analyzed for mono-ethyl phthalate, mono-butyl phthalate, mono-benzyl phthalate, butyl paraben, propyl paraben, octylphenol, nonylphenol, and bisphenol A (BPA). Percentage breast density was measured from mammograms by using a computer-assisted thresholding method. Results: Serum BPA was positively associated with mammographic breast density after adjusting for age, body mass index, and other potentially confounding factors. Mean percentage density was 12.6% (95% confidence interval (CI), 11.4 to 14.0) among the 193 women with nondetectable BPA levels, 13.7% (95% CI, 10.7 to 17.1) among the 35 women with detectable levels below the median (<0.55 ng/ml), and 17.6% (95% CI, 14.1 to 21.5) among the 34 women with detectable levels above the median (>0.55 ng/ml; Ptrend = 0.01). Percentage breast density was also elevated (18.2%; 95% CI, 13.4 to 23.7) among the 18 women with serum mono-ethyl phthalate above the median detected level (>3.77 ng/ml) compared with women with nondetectable BPA levels (13.1%; 95% CI, 11.9 to 14.3; P
trend = 0.07). No other chemicals demonstrated associations with percentage breast density. Conclusions: Postmenopausal women with high serum levels of BPA and mono-ethyl phthalate had elevated breast density. Further investigation of the impact of BPA and mono-ethyl phthalate on breast cancer risk by using repeated serum measurements or other markers of xenoestrogen exposure are needed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]- Published
- 2013
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9. Serum Factors and Clinical Characteristics Associated with Serum E-Screen Activity.
- Author
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Jue Wang, Trentham-Dietz, Amy, Hemming, Jocelyn D. C., Hedman, Curtis J., and Sprague, Brian L.
- Abstract
The article presents the study which assessed the effectiveness of the serum E-Screen activity as a biomarker for breast cancer risk. In the study, several circulating endogenous and exogenous serum molecules, as well as patient factors linked with breast cancer risk like body mass index, alcohol consumption, and mammographic breast density were evaluated. Based on the results, E-Screen activity could be an effective biomarker in breast cancer studies.
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- 2013
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10. Effects of progesterone on reproduction and embryonic development in the fathead minnow ( Pimephales promelas).
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DeQuattro, Zachary A., Peissig, Evan J., Antkiewicz, Dagmara S., Lundgren, Erica J., Hedman, Curtis J., Hemming, Jocelyn D.C., and Barry, Terence P.
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FATHEAD minnow ,EFFECT of chemicals on fishes ,PROGESTERONE ,EMBRYOLOGY ,SNOWMELT ,GENE expression ,VITELLOGENINS - Abstract
High concentrations (375 ng/L) of the steroid hormone progesterone (P4) were measured in snowmelt runoff associated with large livestock-feeding operations in Wisconsin. To gain insight into the potential endocrine-disrupting effects of P4 in fish, experiments were conducted to evaluate the effects of short-term exposure to environmentally relevant concentrations of P4 on reproduction and embryonic development in the fathead minnow ( Pimephales promelas). For the reproduction assay, groups of reproductively mature fish were exposed for 21 d to nominal concentrations of 0, 10, 100, and 1,000 ng/L P4 in a flow-through system, and various key reproductive endpoints (e.g., egg number, fertilization success) were quantified throughout the exposure period. The embryonic development assay consisted of incubating fathead minnow eggs in static culture to quantify the effects of P4 on early development and hatching success. Progesterone caused dose-dependent decreases in fecundity and fertility and significantly reduced gonadosomatic index and vitellogenin gene expression in females. There were no effects of P4 on early embryonic development or hatching success. Progesterone may be a significant endocrine-disrupting chemical in fish. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 2012;31:851-856. © 2012 SETAC [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2012
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11. Characterization of paper mill effluent using indicators and source tracking methods.
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LONG, SHARON C., STIETZ, JAMIE R., OLSTADT, JEREMY, HEDMAN, CURTIS J ., and PLUMMER, JEANINE D.
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PAPER mills ,PATHOGENIC microorganisms ,ESCHERICHIA coli ,COLIFORMS ,DRINKING water ,WASTEWATER treatment ,PUBLIC health ,ENTEROCOCCUS - Abstract
Monitoring of indicator organisms is conducted to assess potential risk of pathogen exposure from freshwaters such as recreational waters and drinking water sources. Total coliforms, fecal coliforms, Escherichia coli and enterococci are the most commonly measured indicator organisms. Their presence can indicate the potential presence of fecally transmitted pathogens. In Wisconsin, E. coli are used for determining potential human health risk in recreational waters. However, it has been shown that E. coli can survive and reproduce in a variety of aquatic environments, including in the activated sludge process of paper mills. Previous monitoring in a river in Wisconsin receiving paper mill effluent indicated that the mill was contributing to elevated E. coli levels that could affect the number of closings at a public beach located downstream from the mill. The goal of this study was to understand the public health implications of the E. coli at the beach. Samples were collected upstream and downstream of the paper mill's wastewater treatment plant discharge as well as within the mill processes. Samples were analyzed for indicator organisms (coliforms, E. coli, and enterococci) and microbial source tracking (MST) targets. Although indicator concentrations were typically below detection limits in the mill process water, indicators regrew in the activated sludge wastewater treatment process such that fecal coliforms and E. coli were detected in all wastewater treatment plant effluent samples. Although the paper mill effluent periodically appears to affect the E. coli levels at the downstream beach, MST results demonstrate that E. coli from the mill is not of human fecal origin, and therefore not likely a cause for health concerns. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2012
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12. Stability, preservation, and quantification of hormones and estrogenic and androgenic activities in surface water runoff.
- Author
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Havens, Sonya M., Hedman, Curtis J., Hemming, Jocelyn D. C., Mieritz, Mark G., Shafer, Martin M., and Schauer, James J.
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BIODEGRADATION , *PROGESTATIONAL hormones , *RUNOFF , *ANDROGENS , *ESTROGEN , *HYDROCHLORIC acid , *SULFURIC acid , *LIQUID chromatography - Abstract
Degradation of hormones that may occur during storage of surface water samples can lead to underestimations in estrogenic and androgenic activities and inaccuracies in hormone concentrations. The current study investigated the use of sodium azide, hydrochloric acid (HCl), and sulfuric acid (H2SO4) to inhibit the degradation of hormones and estrogenic and androgenic activities in samples of surface water runoff from cattle manure-amended fields during storage at 4°C. Hormones and hormone metabolites were extracted using solid-phase extraction and analyzed using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with tandem MS. Estrogenic and androgenic activities were assessed by E-screen and A-screen, respectively. Results of the current study indicate significant degradation of estrogenic, androgenic, and progestogenic hormones and activities, which is likely attributable to microbial activity, within hours of sample collection. The inclusion of internal standards provides a means to account for hormone losses caused by extraction inefficiency and to some extent degradation. However, internal standards are unable to adequately account for significant losses and are not available for E-screen and A-screen. Sodium azide did not adequately inhibit androgen degradation at the concentration used (1 g/L). Acid preservation (HCl or H2SO4, pH 2) stabilized the estrogenic and androgenic activities, and coupling acid preservation with the use of internal standards resulted in reliable and accurate recovery of a suite of androgens, estrogens, and progestogens for up to 14 d of storage at 4°C. Environ. Toxicol. Chem. 2010;29:2481-2490. © 2010 SETAC [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2010
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13. Insights into the nature of secondary organic aerosol in Mexico City during the MILAGRO experiment 2006
- Author
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Stone, Elizabeth A., Hedman, Curtis J., Zhou, Jiabin, Mieritz, Mark, and Schauer, James J.
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AEROSOLS & the environment , *ORGANIC compounds , *GAS chromatography/Mass spectrometry (GC-MS) , *PARTICLE size distribution , *EMISSIONS (Air pollution) , *BIOMASS energy , *TELESCOPES - Abstract
Abstract: This study targets understanding the secondary sources of organic aerosol in Mexico City during the Megacities Impact on Regional and Global Environment (MIRAGE) 2006 field campaign. Ambient PM2.5 was collected daily at urban and peripheral locations. Particle-phase secondary organic aerosol (SOA) products of anthropogenic and biogenic precursor gases were measured by gas chromatography mass spectrometry. Ambient concentrations of SOA tracers were used to estimate organic carbon (OC) from secondary origins (SOC). Anthropogenic SOC was estimated as 20–25% of ambient OC at both sites, while biogenic SOC was less abundant, but was relatively twice as important at the peripheral site. The OC that was not attributed secondary sources or to primary sources in a previous study showed temporal consistency with biomass-burning events, suggesting the importance of secondary processing of biomass-burning emissions in the region. The best estimate of biomass-burning-related SOC was in the range of 20–30% of ambient OC during peak biomass burning events. Low-molecular weight (MW) alkanoic and alkenoic dicarboxylic acids (C2–C5) were also measured, of which oxalic acid was the most abundant. The spatial and temporal trends of oxalic acid differed from tracers for primary and secondary sources, suggesting that it had different and/or multiple sources in the atmosphere. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
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- 2010
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14. Investigating the chemical nature of humic-like substances (HULIS) in North American atmospheric aerosols by liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry
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Stone, Elizabeth A., Hedman, Curtis J., Sheesley, Rebecca J., Shafer, Martin M., and Schauer, James J.
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ATMOSPHERIC aerosols , *HUMIC acid , *LIQUID chromatography , *TANDEM mass spectrometry , *MOLECULAR weights , *SOLUBILITY , *ORGANIC compounds & the environment , *FUNCTIONAL groups , *AIR analysis - Abstract
Abstract: The high-molecular weight water-soluble organic compounds present in atmospheric aerosols underwent functional-group characterization using liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS), with a focus on understanding the chemical structure and origins of humic-like substances (HULIS) in the atmosphere. Aerosol samples were obtained from several locations in North America at times when primary sources contributing to organic aerosol were well-characterized: Riverside, CA, Fresno, CA, urban and peripheral Mexico City, Atlanta, GA, and Bondville, IL. Chemical analysis targeted identification and quantification of functional groups, such as aliphatic, aromatic, and bulk carboxylic acids, organosulfates, and carbohydrate-like substances that comprise species with molecular weights (MW) 200–600 amu. Measured high-MW functional groups were compared to modeled primary sources with the purpose of identifying associations between aerosol sources, high-MW aerosol species, and HULIS. Mobile source emissions were linked to high-molecular weight carboxylic acids, especially aromatic acids, biomass burning was associated with carboxylic acids and carbohydrate-like substances, and secondary organic aerosol (SOA) correlated well with the total amount of HULIS measured, whereas organosulfates showed no correlation with aerosol sources and exhibited unique spatial trends. These results suggested the importance of motor vehicles, biomass burning, and SOA as important sources of precursors to HULIS. Structural characteristics of atmospheric HULIS were compared to terrestrial humic and fulvic acids and revealed striking similarities in chemical structure, with the exception of organosulfates which were unique to atmospheric HULIS. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
- Published
- 2009
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15. Removal of Organic Wastewater Contaminants in Septic Systems Using Advanced Treatment Technologies.
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Wilcox, Jeffrey D., Bahr, Jean M., Hedman, Curtis J., Hemming, Jocelyn D. C., Barman, Miel A. E., and Bradbury, Kenneth R.
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ORGANIC compounds removal (Sewage purification) ,WASTEWATER treatment ,ORGANIC compounds & the environment ,SEPTIC tanks ,CAFFEINE ,DRUGS & the environment ,XENOESTROGENS ,EFFLUENT quality ,SEWAGE disposal plants ,SEWAGE filtration - Abstract
The article discusses research on advanced treatment technologies used to remove organic wastewater contaminants in septic systems. These compounds derive from products used in households that get flushed down toilets or washed down sinks. Researchers discovered caffeine, pharmaceuticals, and estrogenically-active compounds in septic effluent samples collected in southern Wisconsin. The treatment technologies implemented were sand filtration and digestion by anaerobic bacteria, which reduced organic contaminants to concentrations similar to those in treated municipal plant effluent.
- Published
- 2009
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16. New Measurements of Cyanobacterial Toxins in Natural Waters Using High Performance Liquid Chromatography Coupled to Tandem Mass Spectrometry.
- Author
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Hedman, Curtis J., Krick, William R., Karner Perkins, Dawn A., Harrahy, Elisabeth A., and Sonzogni, William C.
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CYANOBACTERIAL toxins ,CYANOBACTERIAL blooms ,CYANOBACTERIA ,HIGH performance liquid chromatography ,TANDEM mass spectrometry ,NEUROTOXIC agents ,SAXITOXIN ,BODIES of water - Abstract
The article discusses a study on determining the presence of cyanobacterial toxins, particularly microcystin-LR, anatoxin-a and cylindrospermopsin, in various Wisconsin waters using a combination of high performance liquid chromatography and tandem mass spectrometry. Algal nuisance or bloom conditions were observed in the said natural waters. The study found that a pond had higher levels of anatoxin-a, a potential neurotoxin that has public health significance. It suggested testing for other kinds of cyanotoxins such as lyngbyatoxins and representative saxitoxins.
- Published
- 2008
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17. Occurrence of estrogens, androgens and progestogens and estrogenic activity in surface water runoff from beef and dairy manure amended crop fields.
- Author
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Havens, Sonya M., Hedman, Curtis J., Hemming, Jocelyn D.C., Mieritz, Mark G., Shafer, Martin M., and Schauer, James J.
- Abstract
Hormone contamination of aquatic systems has been shown to cause reproductive impairment of aquatic organisms. To assess to what extent beef and dairy farms represent a source of hormones to the aquatic environment, surface water runoff samples from three beef and dairy farms that utilize best manure management practices were evaluated for hormone concentrations (estrogens, androgens, progestogens) and estrogenic activity. Runoff was collected from weirs at the edge of each of six study fields from March 2008 to March 2010 and was analyzed for hormone concentrations using liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry and for estrogenic activity using the E-screen bioassay. The majority of runoff events occurred in February and March when the soil was frozen. Progesterone and 4-androstenedione were the most frequently detected hormones (63% and 50%, respectively) and occurred at event loads up to 49,000 μg/ha and 26,000 μg/ha, respectively. Progesterone, 4-androstenedione, 17α-estradiol had the highest event load concentrations and were found at the field that sustained dairy cattle grazing during the winter and were likely due to application of excreta on frozen soil. The high progesterone event loads could lead to concentrations in receiving streams that exceed the lowest observable effects concentrations for fish. There was a consistent association with the elevated zearalenone presence and corn production. The synthetic hormones, 17α-trenbolone and 17β-trenbolone, were not detected in runoff from the beef farm that utilized trenbolone acetate implants, which is likely due to their short half lives. Estrogenic activity in runoff samples ranged from 0.09 to 133 ng/L estradiol equivalents, with 39% of runoff events exceeding the 2 ng/L predicted-no-effect-concentration for fish. These results indicate that grazing cattle and application of manure to frozen fields present the greatest risk to elevated hormones in runoff and that progesterone is the primary hormone of concern from beef and dairy operations. Unlabelled Image • Hormones in runoff from beef and dairy manure amended fields were investigated. • Progesterone and 4-androstenedione were the most frequently detected hormones. • Highest hormone concentrations and estrogenic activities were due to overwintered dairy cattle. • Progesterone exports could lead to effects in fish in streams near beef and dairy farms. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2020
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18. Reply to Comment on "Hydroxycarboxylic Acid-Derived Organosulfates: Synthesis, Stability and Quantification in Ambient Aerosol".
- Author
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Olson, Corey N., Galloway, Melissa M., Yu, Ge, Hedman, Curtis J., Lockett, Matthew R., Yoon, Tehshik P., Stone, Elizabeth A., Smith, Lloyd M., and Keutsch, Frank N.
- Published
- 2011
- Full Text
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19. Pharmaceuticals and personal care products found in the Great Lakes above concentrations of environmental concern.
- Author
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Blair, Benjamin D., Crago, Jordan P., Hedman, Curtis J., and Klaper, Rebecca D.
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HYGIENE products , *DRUG analysis , *ENVIRONMENTAL impact analysis , *SEWAGE disposal plants , *QUANTITATIVE chemical analysis - Abstract
Highlights: [•] Pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs) were monitored in Lake Michigan. [•] Fifty-four PPCPs were assessed in surface water and sediment on six dates. [•] Many PPCPs, such as metformin, were detected 3.2km away from the shore. [•] Hydrophobic compounds were detected in sediment at concentrations up to 510ngg−1. [•] Using a risk quotient, the ecosystem risk was found to be high for many PPCPs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]
- Published
- 2013
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
20. Evaluation of a model for the removal of pharmaceuticals, personal care products, and hormones from wastewater
- Author
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Blair, Benjamin D., Crago, Jordan P., Hedman, Curtis J., Treguer, Ronan J.F., Magruder, Christopher, Royer, L. Scott, and Klaper, Rebecca D.
- Subjects
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WASTEWATER treatment , *QSAR models , *DRUGS , *HYGIENE products , *PREDICTION models , *HORMONES , *SUSPENDED solids , *BIODEGRADATION - Abstract
Abstract: Current wastewater treatment processes are insufficient at removing many pharmaceutical and personal care products (PPCPs) from wastewater and it is necessary to identify the chemical characteristics that determine their fate. Models that predict the fate of various chemicals lack verification using in situ data, particularly for PPCPs. BIOWIN4 is a quantitative structure–activity relationship (QSAR) model that has been proposed to estimate the removal of PPCPs from wastewater, but data verifying the accuracy of its predictions is limited. In this study, the in situ soluble and suspended solid concentrations were assessed from raw influent, primary effluent, secondary effluent, and final effluent for 54 PPCPs and hormones over six dates. When assessing the removal efficiency across the different stages of the WWTP, the majority of the removal occurred across the secondary treatment process for the majority of the compounds. The primary treatment and disinfection process had limited impacts on the removal of most PPCPs. Sorption to solids was found to influence the removal for compounds with a log octanol–water partitioning coefficient greater than 4.5 across the secondary treatment process. For other compounds, the removal of PPCPs across the secondary treatment process was significantly correlated with the biodegradation predicted by BIOWIN4. Removal efficiencies across the aerobic secondary treatment process were predicted by integrating BIOWIN4 into pseudo-first order kinetics of PPCPs and these predicted values were compared to the in situ data. This study determines that under a certain set of operating conditions, two chemical characteristics — the expected hydrophobic interaction and the modeled biological degradation from BIOWIN4 — were found to predict the removal of highly degradable and recalcitrant PPCPs from a wastewater secondary treatment process. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]
- Published
- 2013
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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