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Amidst the rapid advancement of artificial intelligence and information technology, the emergence of big data and machine learning provides a new research paradigm for mineral exploration. Focusing on the Tethyan metallogenic domain, this paper conducted a series of research works based on machine learning methods to explore the critical geochemical element signals that affect the metallogenic potential of porphyry deposits and reveal the metallogenic regularity. Binary classifiers based on random forest, XGBoost, and deep neural network are established to distinguish zircon fertility, and these machine learning methods achieve higher accuracy, exceeding 90%, compared with the traditional geochemical methods. Based on the random forest and SHapley Additive exPlanations (SHAP) algorithms, key chemical element characteristics conducive to magmatic mineralization are revealed. In addition, a deposit classification model was constructed, and the t-SNE method was used to visualize the differences in zircon trace element characteristics between porphyry deposits of different mineralization types. The study highlights the promise of machine learning algorithms in metallogenic potential assessment and mineral exploration by comparing them with traditional chemical methods, providing insights into future mineral classification models utilizing sub-mineral geochemical data. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

'Human neural stem cells' jointly drafted and agreed upon by experts from the Chinese Society for Stem Cell Research, is the first guideline for human neural stem cells (hNSCs) in China. This standard specifies the technical requirements, test methods, test regulations, instructions for use, labelling requirements, packaging requirements, storage requirements, transportation requirements and waste disposal requirements for hNSCs, which is applicable to the quality control for hNSCs. It was originally released by the China Society for Cell Biology on 30 August 2022. We hope that publication of the guideline will facilitate institutional establishment, acceptance and execution of proper protocols, and accelerate the international standardization of hNSCs for clinical development and therapeutic applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mantle metasomatism refers to the interaction between mantle melt, fluid, and mantle rock. It not only affects the physical and chemical properties of the lithospheric mantle but also plays an important role in the process of metal and gem mineralization. In order to explore the nature and evolution of metasomatism in the lithospheric mantle of the Mengyin area in the eastern part of the North China Craton, this paper combines the previous data of garnet inclusions in diamonds and analyzes the major and trace elements of garnet xenocrysts in the Shengli No. 1 kimberlite pipe from the EPMA and LA-ICP-MS experiments. The experiments show that the garnet xenocrysts of the Shengli No. 1 kimberlite pipe are mainly lherzolitic and harzburgitic garnets. The content of Zr and TiO2 in some garnets are low, which are the characteristics of depleted garnets. Conversely, another group of garnets display high Zr and TiO2 contents, indicative of high-temperature melt metasomatism. When comparing the Ti/Eu ratio of the depleted garnets to that of the primary mantle, a significantly lower value is observed. Additionally, the (Sm/Er)N value undergoes minimal changes, while the Zr/Hf value exceeds that of the primary mantle. These characteristics are indicators of carbonatite melt metasomatism. Garnets that are affected by high-temperature melt metasomatism exhibit low (Sm/Er)N content, a significant variation in the Ti/Eu ratio, and a Zr/Hf value greater than that of the primary mantle. These characteristics indicate the influence of kimberlite melt metasomatism. Garnets impacted by carbonatite melt metasomatism display a strong sinusoidal distribution pattern of rare earth elements (REE) and are often found as lherzolitic garnet xenocrysts and garnet inclusions in diamond. On the other hand, garnets influenced by kimberlite melt metasomatism exhibit a slight sinusoidal REE distribution pattern in harzburgitic garnets and a slight sinusoidal REE distribution or a flat pattern from medium rare earth elements (MREEs) to heavy rare earth elements (HREEs) in lherzolitic garnet xenocrysts. Based on these findings, it is evident that there are at least two types of metasomatism occurring in the lithospheric mantle of the Mengyin area in the eastern part of the North China Craton. The first type involves the metasomatism of early carbonatite melt to the mantle peridotite. Garnets formed under this condition exhibit high Sr and LREE contents, as well as low Zr, Hf, Ti, Y, and HREE contents, indicating depletion characteristics. The second type entails the metasomatism of late kimberlite melts affecting the mantle peridotite. Garnets formed under this process display high Zr, Hf, Ti, Y, and HREE contents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Stroke accounts for a large proportion of morbidity and mortality burden in China. Moreover, there is a high prevalence of the leading risk factors for stroke, including hypertension and smoking. Understanding the underlying mechanisms and developing effective therapeutic interventions for patients with stroke is a key imperative. The pathophysiology of stroke involves a complex interplay between the immune and inflammatory mechanisms. Focal brain inflammation triggered by neuronal cell death and the release of factors such as damage-associated molecular patterns can further exacerbate neuronal injury; in addition, impairment of the blood-brain barrier, oxidative stress, microvascular dysfunction, and brain edema cause secondary brain injury. Immune cells, including microglia and other infiltrating inflammatory cells, play a key role in triggering focal and global brain inflammation. Anti-inflammatory therapies targeting the aforementioned mechanisms can alleviate primary and secondary brain injury in the aftermath of a stroke. Further experimental and clinical studies are required to explore the beneficial effects of anti-inflammatory drugs in stroke. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Jinshajiang suture zone (JSZ) is one of the most significant tectonic zones in the eastern Tethys area. A large number of plutons are regarded as the result of tectono‐magmatic activities associated with the evolution of the Palaeo‐Tethys Ocean. The Tongjige pluton in the central part of JSZ can indicate the magmatism and its geodynamic evolution. The Tongjige pluton (225.6 Ma) consists mainly of granodiorite with abundant coeval mafic microgranular enclaves (MMEs) (226.1 Ma). The host granodiorite is calc‐alkaline and typical I‐type, with SiO2 contents ranging from 65.75 to 66.91 wt%. The MMEs have relatively high MgO (4.00–4.07 wt%) and Fe2O3T (9.27–9.40 wt%) abundances and low SiO2 (53.59–53.87 wt%). Both MMEs and host granodiorites are characterized by the enrichment of light rare earth elements and depletion of heavy rare earth elements. They are also negative in Eu and enriched in Th and U, which are consistent with the trace element characteristics of typical island‐arc magmatite. The zircon Hf(t) values (−3.48 to −0.31) are negative, with the model ages of 1.3–1.2 Ga. These petrographic and geochemical characteristics indicated that the Tongjige pluton was derived from the melting of an ancient lower crust and underwent the process of mafic‐felsic magmatic mixing in the post‐collision background. The Triassic granitoids in the JSZ show a temporal–spatial relationship with the subduction zone, which constrain the evolution of the Palaeo‐Tethys Ocean. The mixing mechanism of the Tongjige pluton is associated with the break‐off of a subducted slab, which triggered subsequent upwelling of asthenosphere beneath accreted arc fragments and induced underplate of lithospheric mantle‐derived magmas and mixed with the lower crust‐derived felsic magma. In general, the Late Triassic pluton recorded significant crustal growth and continental development, marking the final stage of subduction‐related magmatism in the JSZ region, after which the region entered into a stage of post‐collision evolution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Vanadium (V) is a toxic metal, which dominantly exists as V5+ in an aquatic environment. Rice straw, which is an abundant agricultural by-product throughout China was used to treat V5+ containing wastewater as an adsorbent after phosphoric acid treatment. The effects of initial V5+ concentration, solution temperature, pH and reaction time on V removal by phosphoric acid modified rice straw (AcM) were systematically assessed. A pH range of 2.0–3.0 was favorable for V removal and the adsorption capacity of V by AcM increased with elevated solution temperature. The maximum adsorption capacity for water containing 500 mg V5+ L−1 was 24.70 mg V g−1 dry matter under the optimum operation (3.33 g L−1 AcM, pH = 2.0, 50 °C, and 200 rpm for 4 h). Adsorption experiment data fitted well to pseudo-second-order kinetic and Langmuir adsorption isotherm models. In the presence of coexisting ions, Na+, Cu2+, NO3− and Cl− had no significant (P > 0.05) effect on V removal. These results indicated that AcM derived from agricultural waste was effective to remove V5+ from aqueous solution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Prostate cancer (PCa) is a common cancer worldwide, which mostly occurs in males over the age of 50. Accumulating evidence have determined that long non‐coding RNA/microRNA (lncRNA/miRNA) axis plays a critical role in cell progression of cancers, including PCa. However, the pathogenesis of PCa has not been fully indicated. In this study, quantitative real‐time polymerase chain reaction was used to detect the expression of HCG11 and miR‐543. Western blot was applied to measure the protein expression of proliferating cell nuclear antigen, cleavage‐caspase 3 (cle‐caspase 3), N‐cadherin, E‐cadherin, GAPDH, P‐AKT, AKT, p‐mTOR, and mTOR. 3‐(4,5‐Dimethylthiazol‐2‐yl)‐2,5‐diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT), transwell invasion, and transwell migration assay were used to detect cell proliferation, invasion, and migration, respectively. The function and mechanism of lncRNA HCG11 were confirmed in PCa cell and xenograft mice models. Luciferase assay indicated that miR‐543 was a target miRNA of HCG11. Further investigation revealed that overexpression of HCG11 inhibited cell proliferation, invasion, and migration, whereas induced cell apoptosis by regulating miR‐543 expression in vitro and in vivo. More than that, lncRNA HCG11 inhibited phosphoinositide‐3 kinase/protein kinaseB (PI3K/AKT) signaling pathway to suppress PCa progression. Our data showed the overexpression of HGC11‐inhibited PI3K/AKT signaling pathway by downregulating miR‐543 expression, resulting in the suppression of cell growth in PCa. This finding proved a new regulatory network in PCa and provided a novel therapeutic target of PCa. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The high concentration of fluoride (F) in soils has become a rising concern for its toxicity to microbes, plants, animals and human health. In the present study, the spatial and vertical distribution, health risk assessment and anthropogenic sources of F in farmland soils in an industrial area dominated by phosphate chemical plants were studied. Concentrations of total fluoride (TF) and water soluble fluoride (WSF) in the surface soils decreased with distance within the range of 2500 m at the prevailing downwind of the industrial area. The soil TF and WSF concentrations in 0–40 cm profiles were higher than those in 40–100 cm layers in the industrial area. At the prevailing downwind of the industrial area within 700 m, the hazard quotient values of human exposure to surface soils were higher than 1, indicating that a potential risk may exist for human health in this area. The main exposure pathway for children and adults was oral ingestion and particulate inhalation, respectively. The source apportionment model of soil F was modified based on years' historical data and experimental data. The results showed that the proportion of anthropogenic sources of soil F was dustfalls (69%) > irrigation water (23%) > air (5%) > chemical fertilizers (3%) in the industrial area. The high F concentration of dustfalls was mainly due to the phosphate rock, phosphogypsum, and surface soils with high F contents from the factories. In order to safeguard human health and alleviate hazards of F to surroundings, the control of pollutants emission from factories was a basic and vital step to reduce F in the soils in industrial areas. Image 1 • Soil F concentration decreased with the distance from factories within 2500 m. • Soil F concentration decreased with depth of soil within 0–100 cm. • Potential risk may exist for human health in area within 700 m from factories. • Main exposure route of children and adults was ingestion and inhalation, respectively. • Dustfall was the main anthropogenic sources of soil F in industrial area. The modified source apportionment model of F in soils based on historical and experimental data showed that dustfall was the most important anthropogenic source of soil F in phosphate plant areas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Most mineralized porphyries associated with large to giant oxidized porphyry Cu deposits show an affinity with relatively high Sr/Y features. The Mesozoic porphyry–skarn Cu–polymetallic systems of the Yidun Terrane hosted by the Late Triassic and Late Cretaceous intrusions provide chances to investigate the spatial and genetic relationships between subduction- and transtension-related magmatism and mineralization, and determine the petrogenesis and fertility of magmatic rocks. Zircon U–Pb ages indicate that the Late Triassic pre-ore quartz diorite porphyries and syn-ore quartz monzonite porphyries were emplaced at ~225 and ~215 Ma, respectively. The Late Cretaceous syn-ore monzogranite porphyries were emplaced at 83–78 Ma. Our new data, combined with previously published geochronological data, show the spatially overlapping distribution of the multiple Mesozoic porphyry systems in the Yidun Terrane. Although all the Late Triassic intrusive rocks share similar geochemical characteristics, the pre-ore quartz diorite porphyries have normal arc-related chemical features with low Sr/Y and (La/Yb) N ratios, high Y and Yb abundances, while the syn-ore quartz monzonite porphyries exhibit high Sr/Y and (La/Yb) N ratios, low Y and Yb abundances. All samples show similar Sr–Nd–Hf isotopic compositions [( 87 Sr/ 86 Sr) i = 0.7060–0.7117, εNd(t) = −6.7 to 0.0, zircon εHf(t) = −4.0 to +3.0], suggesting that they were probably derived from partial melting of juvenile lower crust. Trace-element patterns and partial melt modeling indicate that the quartz diorite porphyries were likely formed by partial melting of normal thick lower crust, while the causative quartz monzonite porphyries were probably formed by partial melting of eclogitized, thickened lower crust. We propose that pre-ore quartz diorite porphyries were probably generated earlier via the subduction of Garze–Litang oceanic crust, and syn-ore quartz monzonite porphyries were formed later by partial melting of sulfide-enriched, thickened juvenile lower crust. Thus, these high Sr/Y quartz monzonite porphyries host several economically important porphyry Cu deposits, such as Pualng, Xuejiping and Songnuo. However, the Late Cretaceous syn-ore monzogranite porphyries have lower εHf(t) values (−8.4 to −2.9) and εNd(t) values (−7.5 to −3.8) than the Late Triassic porphyries, indicating that the former mainly originated from ancient crustal materials. New dataset and previous studies suggest that the Late Cretaceous post-collisional transtension triggered the asthenospheric upwelling and the underplating of mafic magmas, induced the partial melting of garnet-bearing amphibolite and thus caused the emplacement of monzogranite porphyries and associated porphyry–skarn Cu–Mo deposits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Vanadium (V) is widely used industrially, and plays an important role in the biosphere. Sensitive and reliable analytical methods to determine V in various kinds of samples are of extensive interest. Mainly two spectrophotometric methods developed in the last decade are discussed, namely complex formation methods and catalytic methods. The former is based on either oxidation or reduction of V leading to coloured complexes with proper reagents; they are applicable to determination of V at the mg L−1 level. Catalytic methods are based on the ability of V to catalyse the oxidation of various organic dyes and are applicable to determination at the μg L−1 level. Both methods are used for determination of V in environmental and biological samples. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The origin of magmas with high H 2 O, S and metals that are linked to porphyry economic mineralization in continental collisional belts is controversial. In this paper, we studied the host porphyries and associated microgranular enclaves (MMEs) including gabbroic enclaves and dioritic enclaves from the large Beiya porphyry Au deposit in Jinshajiang-Ailaoshan mineralization belt, which provide first hand evidence of crust–mantle hybridization in the formation of fertile magma for porphyry deposit. Zircon LA-ICPMS U–Pb ages indicate coeval formation for the MMEs and the felsic porphyries in Eocene time (~ 36 Ma). The MMEs show spheroidal shapes, acicular apatites, and oscillatory zoning with repeated resorption surfaces in plagioclases, which suggest that the MMEs are globules of a more mafic magma that was injected into and mingled with the host felsic magma. One gabbroic enclave sample exhibits high MgO (5.6 wt.%), high TiO 2 (1.7 wt.%), enriched in large-ion lithophile element (LILE) and depleted in high field strength element (HFSE), with negative Nb, Ta and Ti anomalies. This indicates that the gabbroic enclave is similar to those of the coeval potassic mafic rocks in the Western Yunnan, which originated from the enriched mantle metasomatized by the slab-derived fluids. The dioritic enclave exhibit both potassic and adakitic-like features, and are characterized by high contents of MgO (4.4–4.9 wt.%), K 2 O (6.4–7.4 wt.%), and compatible trace elements (e.g. Ni: 115–142 ppm; Cr: 214–291 ppm), as well as by high Sr/Y ratios. The dioritic enclave samples yield ε Hf (t) values (− 1.9 to + 3.6) similar to those of the host porphyries. Petrographic, elemental, and isotopic evidence suggests that the Beiya dioritic enclave were formed by mixing between potassic mafic and adakitc-like melts, derived from metasomatized lithospheric mantle and lower crust, respectively. In contrast, the Beiya host porphyries are characterized by high SiO 2 (66.9–71.9 wt.%) and Al 2 O 3 (13.8–15.9 wt.%) contents, high Sr/Y ratios (35–79), low compatible element contents (e.g. Ni = 0.9–7.2 ppm; Cr = 1.0–8.2 ppm), low Mg # values (0.19–0.35), positive LILE anomalies, marked negative high HFSE anomalies, negative ε Nd (t) values (− 6 to − 2), and high ( 87 Sr/ 86 Sr) i values (0.7071–0.7081). These features indicate that the host porphyries were mainly formed by partial melting of subduction-modified lower crust with a certain assimilation of mafic melts represented by MMEs. MMEs hosted in the Beiya porphyries, formed from a hydrous, mafic magma although they formed in a non-arc setting. High magmatic water content is probably related to an enriched mantle metasomatized by fluids from a Proterozoic subducted oceanic slab. High Cu (341–626 ppm) and Au contents of the MMEs suggest they crystallized from a metal-rich mafic melt. Complex assemblages of pyrite–chalcopyrite–apatite–rutile with hornblende are observed in the least altered MME. We suggest that the mafic melt probably supplied part of water, and metal to the Beiya porphyry Au system. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Hongshan quartz monzonite porphyry is one of the Yanshanian intrusions in the southern part of the Yudun Arc. Detailed zircon U-Pb data of four samples yielded ages of 78.8-80.7 Ma, indicating that the Hongshan intrusion was emplaced during the late stage of Late Cretaceous. The Hongshan intrusion shows shoshonitic and high-K calc-alkaline, with A/CNK = 0.64-1.14. The rocks show an obvious fractionation between light and heavy rare-earth elements (average [La/Yb]N = 38.85), with negative Eu anomalies (Eu/Eu* = 0.60-0.87), enrichment in large-ion lithophile elements (Rb, Th, U and K) and depletion in high field-strength elements (Nb, Ta and P). Rocks have high Sr and low Y content which are characteristics of adakitic rocks, suggesting magma derivation from thickened lower crust. In order to evaluate the nature of the source region, Hf isotope data of zircons were acquired through LA-MC-ICPMS. The negative and variable εHf(t) values demonstrate that the Hongshan intrusion was derived from ancient crust, without mantle-derived components and is significantly different from the Triassic intrusions in the southern part of the Yudun Arc. The three Yanshanian intrusions in Hongshan, Relin and Tongchangou are remarkably similar in terms of geochronology, geochemistry and Hf isotopes. We therefore infer that these intrusions had the same magmatic source and we correlate the tectonics with northward subduction of Tethys underneath the Asian continent. Copyright © 2015 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) represent powerful tools for regenerative medicine for their differentiation and migration capacity. However, ontogeny and migration of MSCs in mammalian mid-gestation conceptus is poorly understood. We identified canonical MSCs in the mouse embryonic day (E) 11.5 dorsal aorta (DA). They possessed homogenous immunophenotype (CD45−CD31−Flk-1−CD44+CD29+), expressed perivascular markers (α-SMA+NG2+PDGFRβ+PDGFRα+), and had tri-lineage differentiation potential (osteoblasts, adipocytes, and chondrocytes). Of interest, MSCs were also detected in E12.5-E13.5 embryonic circulation, 24 hr later than in DA, suggesting migration like hematopoietic stem cells. Functionally, E12.5 embryonic blood could trigger efficient migration of DA-MSCs through platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) receptor-, transforming growth factor-beta receptor-, but not basic fibroblast growth factor receptor-mediated signaling. Moreover, downstream JNK and AKT signaling pathway played important roles in embryonic blood- or PDGF-mediated migration of DA-derived MSCs. Taken together, these results revealed that clonal MSCs developed in the mouse DA. More importantly, the embryonic circulation, in addition to its conventional transporting roles, could modulate migration of MSC during early embryogenesis. Developmental Dynamics, 2011. © 2010 Wiley-Liss, Inc. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Daocheng batholith consists of granite, granodiorite and K-feldspar megacrystic granite, which is located in the north Yidun Arc. It is a barren batholith in contrast to plutons of the same age that contain major copper deposits, such as Pulang to the south. In the Daocheng, abundant mafic microgranular enclaves (MMEs) mainly developed within granodiorite and K-feldspar megacrystic granite, which are characterized by quenched apatite, quartz eyes and plagioclase phenocrysts. LA-ICP-MS zircon U–Pb dating of host granodiorite yielded ages ranging from 223 Ma to 210 Ma, with a weighted mean of 215.3 ± 1.8 Ma. Zircons from MMEs yielded ages ranging from 218 Ma to 209 Ma, with a weighted mean of 214.2 ± 1.4 Ma. Geochemical analyses show that granodiorite is high-K, calc-alkaline and I-type, with SiO2 contents ranging from 67.90% to 70.54%. These rocks are metaluminous to marginally peraluminous (A/CNK = 0.98–1.00) and moderately rich in alkalis with K2O ranging from 3.28% to 4.59% and Na2O ranging from 3.18% to 3.20%, with low MgO (1.08%–1.29%), Cr (12.7 ppm–16.8 ppm), Ni (5.19 ppm–6.16 ppm) and Mg# (35–49). The MMEs have relatively low SiO2 contents (56.34%–60.91%), higher Al2O3 contents (16.06%–17.98%), higher MgO and FeO abundances and are metaluminous (A/CNK = 0.82–0.83). The MMEs and host granodiorite are enriched in light rare-earth elements (LREEs) relative to heavy rare-earth elements (HREEs), with slightly negative Eu anomalies, and enriched in Th, U and large ion lithophile elements (LILEs; e.g., K, Rb and Pb), and depleted in high field strength elements (HFSEs; e.g., Nb, Ta, P and Ti), showing affinities typical of arc magmas. The zircon εHf(t) values (−6.28 to −2.33) and ancient two-stage Hf model ages of 1.92 to 1.25 Ga, indicating that the magmas are generally melts that incorporated significant portions of Precambrian crust. The relatively low silica contents and high Mg# values of the MMEs, and the linear patterns of MgO, Al2O3 and Fe2O3 with SiO2 between the MMEs and host granodiorite, showing the formation of MMEs are genetically related to magma mixing. The Daocheng granodiorite is characterized by much lower zircon Ce4+/Ce3+ (average of 3.53) and low fO2 value (average of ∆FMQ = –10.84), whereas the ore-bearing quartz monzonite porphyries in the Pulang copper deposit are characterized by much higher zircon Ce4+/Ce3+ (average of 52.10) and high fO2 value (average of ∆FMQ = 2.8), indicating the ore-bearing porphyry intrusions had much higher fO2 of magma than the ore-barren intrusions considering that the high oxygen fugacity of the magma is conducive to mineralization. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The newly-discovered Tongchanggou Mo–Cu porphyry–skarn deposit is located in the southern Yidun Terrane, SE Tibet, with more than 142.5 metric ton resources (0.3 metric ton @ 0.3% Mo, and 34 kt @ 0.8% Cu) hosted in Permian to Triassic strata and Late Cretaceous granodiorite porphyry. Re–Os isotope analyses of molybdenite separates from skarn, granodiorite porphyry and the massive molybdenite orebody yield model ages ranging from 86.8 to 85.2 Ma. LA-ICP-MS U–Pb dating of zircons from the ore-related granodiorite porphyry give 206 Pb/ 238 U ages ranging from 87.4 to 84.2 Ma with a weighted mean 206 Pb/ 238 U age of 84.8 ± 0.3 Ma, indicating a temporal link between granitic magmatism and Mo–Cu mineralization. Geochemically, the ore-related granodiorite porphyries are metaluminous and have an adakite-like signature with relatively low MgO (1.32–1.58 wt%), Cr (5.6–12.9 ppm), Ni (3.79–10.81 ppm), Mg # (43–52) values, and high Sr (304–844 ppm), Sr/Y (21.2–50.8) and La/Yb ratios (37.0–60.1). They also display negative zircon ε Hf (t) values (− 7.4 to − 1.3) and negative whole-rock ε Nd (t) values (− 5.3 to − 4.2), as well as an older Hf–Nd model age, indicating that their magmas were derived from a thickened ancient lower crust within the garnet–amphibolite facies. Partial melting of ancient lower crust generated felsic magmas with high concentrations of Mo that accumulated within the ancient crustal components. Whereas, the copper mineralization is correlated to the remelting of residual sulfide cumulates in subduction-modified lower crust. The Late Cretaceous porphyry Mo–Cu metallogenesis in the southern Yidun Terrane is considered to be related to the transtensional faulting that triggered asthenospheric upwelling beneath the former sulfide-cumulated arc crust. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fluorine (F) is widely dispersed in the environment and frequently used in industry and agriculture with a high migration ability. Thus, it is essential to understand the leaching characteristic of F in soil from industry and agriculture sources. Several sources of F pollutants in soil, including fertilizers, pesticides, phosphogypsum, and atmospheric deposition, were selected to investigate leaching characteristics of F in soil by leaching experiments. The addition of phosphate fertilizer and compound fertilizer (N:P:K = 20:10:15) enhanced the leachability of F in soil and the proportion of F leached out from soil treated by these fertilizers were 0.25% and 0.24%, respectively. However, unanticipated lower leachability of F appeared in compound fertilizer (N:P:K = 17:17:17), nitrogen fertilizer, dipterex, fluoroglycofen, fluopimomide, simulative dry deposition (YF 3), and phosphogypsum loaded soils compared with additive-absent treatment. Although phosphogysum had a high F concentration, minimum proportion of F released (0.18%) was observed in phosphogypsum-coverd soil. The amounts of F leaching-out from surface soils (0–25 cm) treated with nitrogen fertilizer decreased 1.03 kg ha−1 comparing with blank control. Soil with phosphate fertilizer leached 5.47 kg F ha−1 a year, having the highest environment risk to deeper soil and groundwater. However, phosphogypsum and dry deposition of airbone F chemical had few effects on F leaching in soil. F-containing materials from agricultural process may leach more F from surface soils than industrial sources. [Display omitted] • Not every F-containing material in soil yields an increase of soil F leachability. • Soil applied with phosphate fertilizer had the highest F environment risk. • Minimum F leaching rate was observed in phosphogypsum-loaded soil. • Most of the F-containing atmospheric deposition accumulate in the surface of soil. • Fertilization contributes more in F leaching out from surface soil than pesticide. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]