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23. Placental Findings in Singleton Stillbirths

Author

Pinar, Halit, Goldenberg, Robert L., Koch, Matthew A., Heim-Hall, Josefine, Hawkins, Hal K., Shehata, Bahig, Abramowsky, Carlos, Parker, Corette B., Dudley, Donald J., Silver, Robert M., Stoll, Barbara, Carpenter, Marshall, Saade, George, Moore, Janet, Conway, Deborah, Varner, Michael W., Hogue, Carol J. R., Coustan, Donald R., Sbrana, Elena, Thorsten, Vanessa, Willinger, Marian, and Reddy, Uma M.

Published
2014
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39. Diffuse Chorangiomatosis as a Cause of Cardiomegaly, Microangiopathic Hemolytic Anemia and Thrombocytopenia in a Newborn.

Author

Arya, Shreyas, Bhargava, Vidit, Richardson, Joan, and Hawkins, Hal K.

Subjects
HEMANGIOMAS, HEART dilatation, THROMBOCYTOPENIA, HEMOLYTIC anemia, FETAL development, DIAGNOSIS
Abstract

Introduction: The hallmark of diffuse chorangiomatosis is capillary dysvasculogenesis, diffusely involving the placenta. It can cause massive placental enlargement and may have adverse fetal effects.Case report: A 32 weeks gestation male infant was born via cesarean section and had a placenta weighing 900 g. There was diffuse vascular proliferation involving the stem villi and intermediate villi. Short Nucleotide Polymorphism (SNP) microarray analysis of the placenta showed no biparental mosaicism or loss of heterozygosity, ruling out placental mesenchymal dysplasia. The infant also had cardiomegaly, microangiopathic hemolytic anemia and thrombocytopenia which spontaneously improved over time.Conclusion: Diffuse chorangiomatosis can be associated with hemolysis, thrombocytopenia and cardiomegaly in the newborn. However, once delivered, these findings can spontaneously resolve over time. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

Published
2017
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43. Pamidronate Attenuates Muscle Loss After Pediatric Burn Injury.

Author

Børsheim, Elisabet, Herndon, David N, Hawkins, Hal K, Suman, Oscar E, Cotter, Matthew, and Klein, Gordon L

Abstract

ABSTRACT Children who are burned >40% total body surface area lose significant quantities of both bone and muscle mass because of acute bone resorption, inflammation, and endogenous glucocorticoid production, which result in negative nitrogen balance. Because administration of the bisphosphonate pamidronate within 10 days of the burn injury completely prevents the bone loss, we asked whether muscle protein balance was altered by the preservation of bone. We reviewed the results from 17 burned pediatric subjects previously enrolled in a double-blind randomized controlled study of pamidronate in the prevention of post-burn bone loss and who were concurrently evaluated for muscle protein synthesis and breakdown by stable isotope infusion studies during the acute hospitalization. We found a significantly lower fractional protein synthesis rate (FSR) in the pamidronate group and a correspondingly lower rate of appearance of the amino acid tracer in venous blood, suggesting lower muscle protein turnover. Moreover, net protein balance (synthesis minus breakdown) was positive in the subjects receiving pamidronate and negative in those receiving placebo. Muscle fiber diameter was significantly greater in the pamidronate subjects and leg strength at 9 months post-burn was not different between subjects who received pamidronate and normal physically fit age-matched children studied in our lab. Leg strength in burned subjects who served as controls tended to be weaker, although not significantly so. If substantiated by a larger study, these results suggest that bone may have a paracrine mechanism to preserve muscle and this finding may have implications for the treatment of sarcopenia in the elderly. © 2014 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2014
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45. Tiotropium bromide suppresses smoke inhalation and burn injury-induced ERK 1/2 and SMAD 2/3 signaling in sheep bronchial submucosal glands.

Author

Jacob, Sam, Zhu, Yong, Asmussen, Sven, Ito, Hiroshi, Herndon, David N., Enkhbaatar, Perenlei, Hawkins, Hal K., and Cox, Robert A.

Subjects
BROMIDES, SMOKE inhalation injuries, TREATMENT for burns & scalds, SMAD proteins, EXTRACELLULAR signal-regulated kinases, BRONCHIAL diseases, SHEEP, PARASYMPATHOLYTIC agents, THERAPEUTICS
Abstract

The effects of tiotropium bromide on ERK 1/2, SMAD 2/3 and NFκB signaling in bronchial submucosal gland (SMG) cells of sheep after smoke inhalation and burn injury (S + B) were studied. We hypothesized that tiotropium would modify intracellular signaling processes within SMG cells after injury. Bronchial tissues were obtained from uninjured (sham, n = 6), S + B injured sheep 48 h after injury ( n = 6), and injured sheep nebulized with tiotropium ( n = 6). The percentage (mean ± SD) of cells showing nuclear localization of phosphorylated ERK 1/2, pSMAD 2/3, and NFκB (p65) was determined by immunohistochemistry. Nuclear pERK 1/2 staining was increased in injured animals as compared to sham, (66 ± 20 versus 14 ± 9), p = 0.0022, as was nuclear pSMAD, 84 ± 10 versus 20 ± 10, p = 0.0022. There was a significant decrease in pERK 1/2 labeling in the tiotropium group compared to the injured group (31 ± 20 versus 66 ± 20, p = 0.013), and also a decrease in pSMAD labeling, 62 ± 17 versus 84 ± 10, p = 0.04. A significant increase for NFκB (p65) was noted in injured animals as compared to sham (73 ± 16 versus 7 ± 6, p = 0.0022). Tiotropium-treated animals showed decreased p65 labeling as compared to injured (35 ± 17 versus 74 ± 16, p = 0.02). The decrease in nuclear expression of pERK, pSMAD and NFκB molecules in SMG cells with tiotropium treatment is suggestive that their activation after injury is mediated in part through muscarinic receptors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2014
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