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Background and Purpose: Agonists selective for the α7 nicotinic acetylcholine (nACh) receptor produce anti-hyperalgesic effects in rodent models of inflammatory pain, via direct actions on spinal pain circuits and possibly via attenuated release of peripheral pro-inflammatory mediators. Increasingly, allosteric modulation of ligand-gated receptors is recognized as a potential strategy to obtain desired efficacy in the absence of the putative adverse effects associated with agonist activation.Experimental Approach: We compared the anti-hyperalgesic and anti-inflammatory effects of the α7 nACh receptor agonist compound B with the positive allosteric modulator (PAM) PNU-120596 and the standard non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID), diclofenac, in rats with hind paw inflammation induced by either formalin, carrageenan or complete Freund's adjuvant (CFA).Key Results: When administered before carrageenan, both diclofenac (30 mg·kg(-1) ) and PNU-120596 (30 mg·kg(-1) ) significantly reduced mechanical hyperalgesia and weight-bearing deficits for up to 4 h. Compound B (30 mg·kg(-1) ) also attenuated both measures of pain-like behaviour, albeit less robustly. Whereas compound B and PNU-120596 attenuated the carrageenan-induced increase in levels of TNF-α and IL-6 within the hind paw oedema, diclofenac only attenuated IL-6 levels. Established mechanical hyperalgesia induced by carrageenan or CFA was also partially reversed by compound B and PNU-120596. However, diclofenac was considerably more efficacious. Formalin-induced nocifensive behaviours were only reversed by compound B, albeit at doses which disrupted motor performance.Conclusions and Implications: α7 nACh receptor PAMs could prove to be useful in the treatment of inflammatory pain conditions, which respond poorly to NSAIDs or in situations where NSAIDs are contra-indicated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Globally, the incidence of lung cancer continues to rise drastically in parallel with increased tobacco consumption but with wide geographic variations. Despite the enforcement of more rigid health policies in many countries, lung cancer will for many years to come be a recurrent disease which most physicians will be confronted with at regular intervals. Furthermore, variations in the management of lung cancer occur from region to region influenced by differences in traditions, knowledge, healthcare systems and available resources. In this article a brief overview is presented of the management of both non-small cell and small cell lung cancer including recent results that may have an impact on the management of this disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]