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AIM: To compare the binocular and monocular accommodation among normal group, premyopia group and mild myopia group, and to study the characteristics of accommodation in the premyopia group, thus providing clinical evidence for the delay/prevention of myopia and the effective decrease of the incidence of myopia.METHODS: Cross-sectional descriptive study. A total of 179 children who had abnormal/high-risk visual acuity indicated by the vision screening in school from October 2021 to February 2023 were selected, including 92 males and 87 females, aged from 6 to 12(mean 8.55±1.66)years old, then they were referred to the Juvenile Myopia Prevention and Control Center in Cuizu Community Health Service Center. They were divided into normal group(+0.75 D0.05). Monocular AF had significance between the normal group and the premyopia group(P0.05); The monocular AA had significance among the three groups(P

The quality of naturally fermented maize flour, unfermented maize flour and maize flour fermented with Lactobacillus plantarum (Lp) and/or Saccharomyces cerevisiae (Sc) was analyzed by using unfermented maize flour as the control. The results showed that the contents of crude protein, crude fat, crude fiber and crude ash in fermented maize flour were significantly lower (P < 0.05) and the content of total starch was significantly higher (P < 0.05) when compared with unfermented maize flour. Fermentation increased the pasting temperature of maize flour significantly (P < 0.05), the breakdown and setback values of naturally fermented and Lp + Sc fermented maize flour were significantly lower than those of unfermented maize flour (P < 0.05), and the stability and anti-retrogradation ability of maize flour were improved. Moreover, fermentation with Lp and Lp + Sc had a pronounced effect on the structure of maize flour, while during fermentation with Sc and Lp + Sc, aroma compounds and metabolites which could improve the off-odor of fermented maize flour were produced. The fermentation periods of maize flour with Lp, Sc and their combination were 72, 18?and 48?hours, respectively compared to 13 days for natural fermentation. Maize flour fermented with Lp + Sc had better quality, flavor and processing properties.

Polyethylene oxide (PEO)‐based all‐solid‐state lithium metal batteries (ASSLMBs) are strongly hindered by the fast dendrite growth at the Li metal/electrolyte interface, especially under large rates. The above issue stems from the suboptimal interfacial chemistry and poor Li+ transport kinetics during cycling. Herein, a SnF2‐catalyzed lithiophilic‐lithiophobic gradient solid electrolyte interphase (SCG‐SEI) of LixSny/LiF‐Li2O is in situ formed. The superior ionic LiF‐Li2O rich upper layer (17.1 nm) possesses high interfacial energy and fast Li+ diffusion channels, wherein lithiophilic LixSny alloy layer (8.4 nm) could highly reduce the nucleation overpotential with lower diffusion barrier and promote rapid electron transportation for reversible Li+ plating/stripping. Simultaneously, the insoluble SnF2‐coordinated PEO promotes the rapid Li+ ion transport in the bulk phase. As a result, an over 46.7 and 3.5 times improvements for lifespan and critical current density of symmetrical cells are achieved, respectively. Furthermore, LiFePO4‐based ASSLMBs deliver a recorded cycling performance at 5 C (over 1000 cycles with a capacity retention of 80.0 %). More importantly, impressive electrochemical performances and safety tests with LiNi0.8Mn0.1Co0.1O2 and pouch cell with LiFePO4, even under extreme conditions (i.e. 100 °C), are also demonstrated, reconfirmed the importance of lithiophilic‐lithiophobic gradient interfacial chemistry in the design of high‐rate ASSLMBs for safety applications. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The addition of electrolyte additives shows significant effect on the low temperature performance of lithium-ion batteries (LIBs), but the underlying mechanism remains to be further elucidated and understood. Here, we take methyl acetate (MA) as an example to explore the mechanism of low-temperature additives on the graphite interface. The effects of the MA additive, demonstrated by scanning electrochemical microscopy (SECM) and atomic force microscopy, optimize the electron insulating properties and mechanical properties of the graphite anode. This optimized electrolyte improves the graphite performance with a capacity of 343.8 mA h g−1 after 300 cycles at room temperature and 302.9 mA h g−1 at low temperature (−10 °C), while the capacity decreases sharply without MA, and at the same time improves the rate performance which increases the capacity retention at 4C from 18% to 55%. The reinforced electronic insulation SEI is observed in the first discharge process with MA addition in SECM feedback mode and remains stable in the next cycles. The results show that a stable ultrathin SEI with an inorganic/organic bilayer structure rapidly forms in the first cycle with MA addition, the outer organic layer provides mechanical suppression and the inner inorganic layer promotes the interface mechanical strength with excellent ion transport, which suppresses the continuous decomposition of electrolytes and improves the mechanical properties of the SEI. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Calcium‐ion batteries have been considered attractive candidates for large‐scale energy storage applications due to their natural abundance and low redox potential of Ca2+/Ca. However, current calcium ion technology is still hampered by the lack of high‐capacity and long‐life electrode materials to accommodate the large Ca2+ (1.00 Å). Herein, an amorphous vanadium structure induced by Mo doping and in‐situ electrochemical activation is reported as a high‐rate anode material for calcium ion batteries. The doping of Mo could destroy the lattice stability of VS4 material, enhancing the flexibility of the structure. The following electrochemical activation further converted the material into sulfide and oxides co‐dominated composite (defined as MoVSO), which serves as an active material for the storage of Ca2+ during cycling. Consequently, this amorphous vanadium structure exhibits excellent rate capability, achieving discharge capacities of 306.7 and 149.2 mAh g−1 at 5 and 50 A g−1 and an ultra‐long cycle life of 2000 cycles with 91.2% capacity retention. These values represent the highest level to date reported for calcium ion batteries. The mechanism studies show that the material undergoes a partial phase transition process to derive MoVSO. This work unveiled the calcium storage mechanism of vanadium sulfide in aqueous electrolytes and accelerated the development of high‐performance aqueous calcium ion batteries. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Diamond materials at different nanoscales provide them various characteristics such as elastic mechanical properties in needle‐like nanotips, flexibility of 2D films having atomic thicknesses and constant hardness under high pressures, superior field electron emission properties of vertically wall‐like composites, unprecedented hardness and improved toughness of nanotwin diamond (nt‐diamond), while the inherent excellent properties of bulk diamond (e.g., high Young's modulus, robustness, biocompatibility) can be maintained. In this paper, the newly born 1D diamond nanothreads, 2D diamanes, as well as 3D nt‐diamond are briefly reviewed. The innovations, progresses and achievements of different dimensional diamond nanostructures, covering lines, planes and volumes are overviewed. The topical problems and future outlooks of diamond nanostructures are outlined and discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Calcium‐ion batteries (CIBs) are considered as potential next‐generation energy storage systems due to their abundant reserves and relatively low cost. However, irreversible structural changes and weak conductivity still hinder in current CIBs cathode materials. Herein, an organic molecular intercalation strategy is proposed, in which V2O5 regulated with quinoline, pyridine, and water molecules are studied as cathode material to provide fast ion diffusion channels, large storage host, and high conductivity for Ca ions. Among them, V2O5‐quinoline (QVO) owns the largest interplanar spacing of 1.25 nm and the V‐O chains are connected with organic molecular by hydrogen bond, which stabilizes the crystal structure. As a result, QVO exhibits a specific capacity of 168 mAh g−1 at 1 A g−1 and capacity retention of 80% after 500 cycles at 5 A g−1 than the other materials. Furthermore, X‐Ray diffraction and X‐ray absorption spectroscopy results reveal a reversible order‐disorder transformation mechanism of Ca2+ for QVO, which can make full use of the abundant active sites for high capacity and simultaneously achieve fast reaction kinetics for excellent rate performance. These results demonstrate that QVO is a promising cathode material for CIBs, providing more choices for the development of high‐performance CIBs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]