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4. Association Between Urinary Biomarkers and CKD in Extremely Low Gestational Age Neonates

Author

Thomas, Billy, Elhassan, Nahed, Mulkey, Sarah, Dydynski, Philip, Vijayamadhavan, Vivek K., Mulrooney, Neil, Yoder, Bradley, Kase, Jordan S., Check, Jennifer, Gogcu, Semsa, Osterholm, Erin, Ramel, Sara, Bendel, Catherine, Gale, Cheryl, George, Thomas, Georgieff, Michael, Gisslen, Tate, Guiang, Sixto, III, Hall, Anne, Johnson, Dana, Pfister, Katie, Podgorski, Heather, Roberts, Kari, Stepka, Erin, Engel, Melissa, Kamrath, Heidi, Scheurer, Johannah, Hanson, Angela, Satrom, Katherine, Pfister, Susan, Simones, Ann, Plummer, Erin, Zorn, Elizabeth, Martin, Camilia R., O’Reilly, Deirdre, Porta, Nicolas, Bazacliu, Catalina, Williams, Jonathan, Rajderkar, Dhanashree, Northington, Frances, Valdez, Raul Chavez, Beauman, Sandra, Saurabhkumar, Patel, Diaz-Barbosa, Magaly, Serize, Arturo, Jordan, Jorge, Ott, Debbie, Mora, Ariana Franco, Hedrick, Pamela, Flynn, Vicki, Silvia, Amy, Clopp, Bailey, Feltner, John B., Esposito, Isabella, Hauge, Stephanie, Nikirk, Samantha, Purnell, Andrea, Loy, Emilie, Sikes, Natalie, Mason, Melanie, McConnell, Jana, Brown, Tiffany, Harrison, Henry, Pearson, Denise, Drake, Tammy, Wright, Jocelyn, Walden, Debra, Guy, Annette, Nason, Jennifer, Talbot, Morgan, Lee, Kristen, Penny, Sarah, Boles, Terri, Drummond, Melanie, Kohlleppel, Katy, Kathen, Charmaine, Kaletka, Brian, Gonzales, Shania, Worwa, Cathy, Fisher, Molly, Richter, Tyler, Ginder, Alexander, Reich, Brixen, Rau, Carrie, Loertscher, Manndi, Bledsoe, Laura, McGrath, Kandace, Lewis, Kimberlee Weaver, Burnett, Jill, Schaefer, Susan, Bird, Karie, Giblin, Clare, Daly, Rita, Lanier, Kristi, Warden, Kelly, Wassenaar, Jenna, Ericksen, Jensina, Davern, Bridget, Osborne, Mary Pat, Gregorich, Brittany, Talele, Neha, Obregon, Evelyn, Ziyeh, Tiglath, Clarke, Molly, Wegner, Rachel E., Patel, Palak, Schau, Molly, Russow, Annamarie, Curry, Kelly, Sinnamon, Susan, Barnhart, Lisa, Parkinson, Charlamaine, Hanson, Mary, Kuan, Elizabeth, Lacy, Conra Backstrom, Galvis, Edshelee M., Bombino, Susana, Martinez, Denise, Bell, Suzi, Long, Corrie, Longa, Cathy, Westerveld, Michael, McConkey, Stacy, Hay, Anne, Natarajan, Niranjana, Gaudette, Shari, Cobb, Sarah, Sharp, Gregory, Schumacher, Elizabeth, Schuschke, Leslie, Frey, Charlotte, Fierro, Mario, Gilmore, Lois, Lundequam, Pamela, Hoekstra, Ronald, Ketko, Anastasia, Perdue, Nina, Cunningham, Sean, Stout, Kelly, Hall, Becky, Morshedzadeh, Galina, Ostrander, Betsy, Winter, Sarah, Cox, Lauren, Rainaldi, Matthew A., Hensley, Sarah, Morris, Melissa, Roberts, Dia, Tuttle, Melissa, Boys, Christopher, Hultgren, Solveig, Pierpont, Elizabeth I., Fahim, Nancy, George, Tom, King, Kelly E., Bataglia, Katherine, Neis, Cathy, Bergeron, Mark, Miller, Cristina, Accomando, Cara, Gavin, Jennifer Anne, Maczek, Elizabeth, Marakovitz, Susan, Knorr, Aimee, Smith, Vincent C., Stewart, Jane E., Weissbourd, Marie, deRegnier, Raye-Ann, Matoba, Nana, Heaton, Shelly C., Cascio, Erika M., Brady, Janet, Ghosh, Suman, Ditto, Jessica, Leppert, Mary, Lowe, Jean, Fuller, Janell, DuPont, Tara, Ohls, Robin, Kloska, Pamela, Patel, Saurabh, Carbonell, Lauren, Patino-Fernandez, Anna Maria, de Lerma, Carmen, McDonough, Kelly, De Cortada, Maiana, Chavis, Lacy, Shannon, Jane, Hingorani, Sangeeta R., Schmicker, Robert H., Halloran, Brian, Brophy, Patrick, Heagerty, Patrick J., Juul, Sandra, Goldstein, Stuart L., and Askenazi, David

Published
2024
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8. The Impact of Erythropoietin on Short- and Long-Term Kidney-Related Outcomes in Neonates of Extremely Low Gestational Age. Results of a Multicenter, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Randomized Clinical Trial

Author

Juul, Sandra E., Comstock, Bryan A., Wadhawan, Rajan, Mayock, Dennis E., Courtney, Sherry E., Robinson, Tonya, Ahmad, Kaashif A., Bendel-Stenzel, Ellen, Baserga, Mariana, LaGamma, Edmund F., Downey, L. Corbin, Rao, Raghavendra, Fahim, Nancy, Lampland, Andrea, Frantz, Ivan D., III, Khan, Janine Y., Weiss, Michael, Gilmore, Maureen M., Ohls, Robin, Srinivasan, Nishant, Perez, Jorge E., McKay, Victor, Vu, Phuong T., Heagerty, Patrick J., Thomas, Billy, Elhassan, Nahed, Mulkey, Sarah, Dydynski, Philip, Vijayamadhavan, Vivek K., Mulrooney, Neil, Yoder, Bradley, Kase, Jordan S., Check, Jennifer, Gogcu, Semsa, Osterholm, Erin, Ramel, Sara, Bendel, Catherine, Gale, Cheryl, George, Thomas, Georgieff, Michael, Gisslen, Tate, Guiang, Sixto, III, Hall, Anne, Johnson, Dana, Pfister, Katie, Podgorski, Heather, Roberts, Kari, Stepka, Erin, Engel, Melissa, Kamrath, Heidi, Scheurer, Johannah, Hanson, Angela, Satrom, Katherine, Pfister, Susan, Simones, Ann, Plummer, Erin, Zorn, Elizabeth, Martin, Camilia R., O'Reilly, Deirdre, Porta, Nicolas, Bazacliu, Catalina, Williams, Jonathan, Rajderkar, Dhanashree, Northington, Frances, Valdez, Raul Chavez, Beauman, Sandra, Saurabhkumar, Patel, Diaz-Barbosa, Magaly, Serize, Arturo, Jordan, Jorge, Ott, Debbie, Mora, Ariana Franco, Hedrick, Pamela, Flynn, Vicki, Silvia, Amy, Clopp, Bailey, Feltner, John B., Esposito, Isabella, Hauge, Stephanie, Nikirk, Samantha, Purnell, Andrea, Loy, Emilie, Sikes, Natalie, Mason, Melanie, McConnell, Jana, Brown, Tiffany, Harrison, Henry, Pearson, Denise, Drake, Tammy, Wright, Jocelyn, Walden, Debra, Guy, Annette, Nason, Jennifer, Talbot, Morgan, Lee, Kristen, Penny, Sarah, Boles, Terri, Drummond, Melanie, Kohlleppel, Katy, Kathen, Charmaine, Kaletka, Brian, Gonzales, Shania, Worwa, Cathy, Fisher, Molly, Richter, Tyler, Ginder, Alexander, Reich, Brixen, Rau, Carrie, Loertscher, Manndi, Bledsoe, Laura, McGrath, Kandace, Lewis, Kimberlee Weaver, Burnett, Jill, Schaefer, Susan, Bird, Karie, Giblin, Clare, Daly, Rita, Lanier, Kristi, Warden, Kelly, Wassenaar, Jenna, Ericksen, Jensina, Davern, Bridget, Osborne, Mary Pat, Gregorich, Brittany, Talele, Neha, Obregon, Evelyn, Ziyeh, Tiglath, Clarke, Molly, Wegner, Rachel E., Patel, Palak, Schau, Molly, Russow, Annamarie, Curry, Kelly, Sinnamon, Susan, Barnhart, Lisa, Parkinson, Charlamaine, Hanson, Mary, Kuan, Elizabeth, Lacy, Conra Backstrom, Galvis, Edshelee M., Bombino, Susana, Martinez, Denise, Bell, Suzi, Long, Corrie, Longa, Cathy, Westerveld, Michael, McConkey, Stacy, Hay, Anne, Natarajan, Niranjana, Gaudette, Shari, Cobb, Sarah, Sharp, Gregory, Schumacher, Elizabeth, Schuschke, Leslie, Frey, Charlotte, Fierro, Mario, Gilmore, Lois, Lundequam, Pamela, Hoekstra, Ronald, Ketko, Anastasia, Perdue, Nina, Cunningham, Sean, Stout, Kelly, Hall, Becky, Morshedzadeh, Galina, Ostrander, Betsy, Winter, Sarah, Cox, Lauren, Rainaldi, Matthew A., Hensley, Sarah, Morris, Melissa, Roberts, Dia, Tuttle, Melissa, Boys, Christopher, Hultgren, Solveig, Pierpont, Elizabeth I., George, Tom, King, Kelly E., Bataglia, Katherine, Neis, Cathy, Bergeron, Mark, Miller, Cristina, Accomando, Cara, Gavin, Jennifer Anne, Maczek, Elizabeth, Marakovitz, Susan, Knorr, Aimee, Smith, Vincent C., Stewart, Jane E., Weissbourd, Marie, deRegnier, Raye-Ann, Matoba, Nana, Heaton, Shelly C., Cascio, Erika M., Brady, Janet, Ghosh, Suman, Ditto, Jessica, Leppert, Mary, Lowe, Jean, Fuller, Janell, DuPont, Tara, Kloska, Pamela, Patel, Saurabh, Carbonell, Lauren, Patino-Fernandez, Anna Maria, de Lerma, Carmen, McDonough, Kelly, De Cortada, Maiana, Chavis, Lacy, Shannon, Jane, Konodi, Mark A., Nefcy, Christopher, Kuban, Karl C.K., Lowe, Jean R., O'Shea, T. Michael, Dighe, Manjiri, Richards, Todd, Shaw, Dennis W.W., Studholme, Colin, Traudt, Christopher M., Ballard, Roberta, Hartman, Adam, Janis, Scott, Ohls, T. Robin, O'Shea, Michael, Guillet, Ronnie, Ball, M. Bethany, Glass, Hannah, Saville, Ben, Schreiber, Michael, Askenazi, David J., Schmicker, Robert H., Brophy, Patrick, Goldstein, Stuart L., and Hingorani, Sangeeta

Published
2021
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9. Human-Derived Bifidobacterium dentium Modulates the Mammalian Serotonergic System and Gut–Brain Axis

Author

Engevik, Melinda A., Luck, Berkley, Visuthranukul, Chonnikant, Ihekweazu, Faith D., Engevik, Amy C., Shi, Zhongcheng, Danhof, Heather A., Chang-Graham, Alexandra L., Hall, Anne, Endres, Bradley T., Haidacher, Sigmund J., Horvath, Thomas D., Haag, Anthony M., Devaraj, Sridevi, Garey, Kevin W., Britton, Robert A., Hyser, Joseph M., Shroyer, Noah F., and Versalovic, James

Published
2021
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10. Parkinson's disease variant detection and disclosure: PD GENEration, a North American study.

Author

Cook, Lola, Verbrugge, Jennifer, Schwantes-An, Tae-Hwi, Schulze, Jeanine, Foroud, Tatiana, Hall, Anne, Marder, Karen S, Mata, Ignacio F, Mencacci, Niccolò E, Nance, Martha A, Schwarzschild, Michael A, Simuni, Tanya, Bressman, Susan, Wills, Anne-Marie, Fernandez, Hubert H, Litvan, Irene, Lyons, Kelly E, Shill, Holly A, Singer, Carlos, and Tropea, Thomas F

Subjects
PARKINSON'S disease, GENETIC counseling, GENETIC testing, GENETIC variation, DARDARIN
Abstract

Variants in seven genes (LRRK2 , GBA1 , PRKN , SNCA , PINK1 , PARK7 and VPS35) have been formally adjudicated as causal contributors to Parkinson's disease; however, individuals with Parkinson's disease are often unaware of their genetic status since clinical testing is infrequently offered. As a result, genetic information is not incorporated into clinical care, and variant-targeted precision medicine trials struggle to enrol people with Parkinson's disease. Understanding the yield of genetic testing using an established gene panel in a large, geographically diverse North American population would help patients, clinicians, clinical researchers, laboratories and insurers better understand the importance of genetics in approaching Parkinson's disease. PD GENEration is an ongoing multi-centre, observational study (NCT04057794, NCT04994015) offering genetic testing with results disclosure and genetic counselling to those in the US (including Puerto Rico), Canada and the Dominican Republic, through local clinical sites or remotely through self-enrolment. DNA samples are analysed by next-generation sequencing including deletion/duplication analysis (Fulgent Genetics) with targeted testing of seven major Parkinson's disease-related genes. Variants classified as pathogenic/likely pathogenic/risk variants are disclosed to all tested participants by either neurologists or genetic counsellors. Demographic and clinical features are collected at baseline visits. Between September 2019 and June 2023, the study enrolled 10 510 participants across >85 centres, with 8301 having received results. Participants were: 59% male; 86% White, 2% Asian, 4% Black/African American, 9% Hispanic/Latino; mean age 67.4 ± 10.8 years. Reportable genetic variants were observed in 13% of all participants, including 18% of participants with one or more 'high risk factors' for a genetic aetiology: early onset (<50 years), high-risk ancestry (Ashkenazi Jewish/Basque/North African Berber), an affected first-degree relative; and, importantly, in 9.1% of people with none of these risk factors. Reportable variants in GBA1 were identified in 7.7% of all participants; 2.4% in LRRK2 ; 2.1% in PRKN ; 0.1% in SNCA ; and 0.2% in PINK1 , PARK7 or VPS35 combined. Variants in more than one of the seven genes were identified in 0.4% of participants. Approximately 13% of study participants had a reportable genetic variant, with a 9% yield in people with no high-risk factors. This supports the promotion of universal access to genetic testing for Parkinson's disease, as well as therapeutic trials for GBA1 and LRRK2 -related Parkinson's disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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13. Beyond the Bridge Metaphor: Rethinking the Place of the Literacy Narrative in the Basic Writing Curriculum

Author

Hall, Anne-Marie and Minnix, Christopher

Abstract

Critical analysis of the literacy narrative assignment within the context of the other genres in a basic writing course complicates understandings of the political import of the assignment. While several advocates of the literacy narrative have argued that it has the power of what Jean-François Lyotard has called petits récits, the authors argue that the relationship of the literacy narrative to other genres can also diminish the value of the literacy narrative and create what Lyotard has termed a "differend." While still arguing for the value of the literacy narrative, authors present a narrative about curricular reform that demonstrates how students can learn to recognize how this genre circulates within the power/knowledge of academic writing. This critical reading of the literacy narrative genre leads the authors to call for a reconceptualization of the assignment as a productive "conflict" that can be utilized to reshape the entire curriculum of the course while still cultivating the skills of argumentation and analysis outlined in the course outcomes.

Published
2012

27. Measuring Therapeutic Response in Chronic Graft-versus-Host Disease. National Institutes of Health Consensus Development Project on Criteria for Clinical Trials in Chronic Graft-versus-Host Disease: IV. The 2014 Response Criteria Working Group Report

Author

Lee, Stephanie J., Wolff, Daniel, Kitko, Carrie, Koreth, John, Inamoto, Yoshihiro, Jagasia, Madan, Pidala, Joseph, Olivieri, Attilio, Martin, Paul J., Przepiorka, Donna, Pusic, Iskra, Dignan, Fiona, Mitchell, Sandra A., Lawitschka, Anita, Jacobsohn, David, Hall, Anne M., Flowers, Mary E.D., Schultz, Kirk R., Vogelsang, Georgia, and Pavletic, Steven

Published
2015
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30. Genetic Testing in Parkinson's Disease.

Author

Pal, Gian, Cook, Lola, Schulze, Jeanine, Verbrugge, Jennifer, Alcalay, Roy N., Merello, Marcelo, Sue, Carolyn M., Bardien, Soraya, Bonifati, Vincenzo, Chung, Sun Ju, Foroud, Tatiana, Gatto, Emilia, Hall, Anne, Hattori, Nobutaka, Lynch, Tim, Marder, Karen, Mascalzoni, Deborah, Novaković, Ivana, Thaler, Avner, and Raymond, Deborah

Abstract

Genetic testing for persons with Parkinson's disease is becoming increasingly common. Significant gains have been made regarding genetic testing methods, and testing is becoming more readily available in clinical, research, and direct‐to‐consumer settings. Although the potential utility of clinical testing is expanding, there are currently no proven gene‐targeted therapies, but clinical trials are underway. Furthermore, genetic testing practices vary widely, as do knowledge and attitudes of relevant stakeholders. The specter of testing mandates financial, ethical, and physician engagement, and there is a need for guidelines to help navigate the myriad of challenges. However, to develop guidelines, gaps and controversies need to be clearly identified and analyzed. To this end, we first reviewed recent literature and subsequently identified gaps and controversies, some of which were partially addressed in the literature, but many of which are not well delineated or researched. Key gaps and controversies include: (1) Is genetic testing appropriate in symptomatic and asymptomatic individuals without medical actionability? (2) How, if at all, should testing vary based on ethnicity? (3) What are the long‐term outcomes of consumer‐ and research‐based genetic testing in presymptomatic PD? (4) What resources are needed for clinical genetic testing, and how is this impacted by models of care and cost‐benefit considerations? Addressing these issues will help facilitate the development of consensus and guidelines regarding the approach and access to genetic testing and counseling. This is also needed to guide a multidisciplinary approach that accounts for cultural, geographic, and socioeconomic factors in developing testing guidelines. © 2023 The Authors. Movement Disorders published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023
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31. International Genetic Testing and Counseling Practices for Parkinson's Disease.

Author

Saunders‐Pullman, Rachel, Raymond, Deborah, Ortega, Roberto A., Shalash, Ali, Gatto, Emilia, Salari, Mehri, Markgraf, Maggie, Alcalay, Roy N., Mascalzoni, Deborah, Mencacci, Niccolò E., Bonifati, Vincenzo, Merello, Marcelo, Chung, Sun Ju, Novakovic, Ivana, Bardien, Soraya, Pal, Gian, Hall, Anne, Hattori, Nobutaka, Lynch, Timothy, and Thaler, Avner

Abstract

Background: There is growing clinical and research utilization of genetic testing in Parkinson's disease (PD), including direct‐to‐consumer testing. Objectives: The aim is to determine the international landscape of genetic testing in PD to inform future worldwide recommendations. Methods: A web‐based survey assessing current practices, concerns, and barriers to genetic testing and counseling was administered to the International Parkinson and Movement Disorders Society membership. Results: Common hurdles across sites included cost and access to genetic testing, and counseling, as well as education on genetic counseling. Region‐dependent differences in access to and availability of testing and counseling were most notable in Africa. High‐income countries also demonstrated heterogeneity, with European nations more likely to have genetic testing covered through insurance than Pan‐American and Asian countries. Conclusions: This survey highlights not only diversity of barriers in different regions but also the shared and highly actionable needs for improved education and access to genetic counseling and testing for PD worldwide. © 2023 International Parkinson and Movement Disorder Society. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023
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32. Teaching Water: Connecting across Disciplines and into Daily Life to Address Complex Societal Issues

Author

Eisen, Arri, Hall, Anne, and Lee, Tong Soon

Abstract

A central problem in higher education is how to best develop in students interdisciplinary thinking and application skills necessary to work and engage effectively in the twenty-first century. Traditional university structures make addressing this problem especially challenging. Using as a model courses with diverse perspectives on water taught by teams of interdisciplinary faculty, we explore one successful approach. We highlight the importance of institutional infrastructure and pedagogical strategies that nurtured our approach and allowed it to work. (Contains 1 figure and 1 table.)

Published
2009
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33. Keeping 'La Llorona' Alive in the Shadow of Cortes: What an Examination of Literacy in Two Mexican Schools Can Teach U.S. Educators

Author

Hall, Anne-Marie

Abstract

This article, a 5-month ethnographic research in Oaxaca, Mexico, examines various aspects of the literacy curriculum in 2 Mexican primary schools. The author observed and interviewed 35 students in 6th grade and 7 teachers in 2 schools, as well as examined student writing and teaching materials. The research suggests that though the "Secretaria de Educacion Publica" (Secretary of Public Education, SEP) of Mexico mandates progressive educational theories, in practice, the national curriculum reinforces the Spanish colonialist views of indigenous languages and beliefs. In addition, there is a powerful intimate culture of children and families who interact with this curriculum. This study looks at what happens when the ideas and practices of the SEP collide with indigenous traditions, and what U.S. educators can learn from this. (Contains 1 table and 2 endnotes.)

Published
2006

34. Informed Choice, Deaf Children and Families--Underpinning Ideas and Project Development

Author

Young, Alys, Hunt, Ros, Carr, Gwen, Hall, Anne-Marie, McCracken, Wendy, Skipp, Amy, and Tattersall, Helen

Abstract

This article concerns informed choice and the provision of services for deaf children and their families. It first outlines the background to why informed choice has become such an issue of importance in the English context. It then goes on to describe the first stages of a research and development project designed to produce guidance for both professionals and parents on an informed choice approach. These stages consist of a comprehensive literature review and a series of consultations with multi professional service providers and parents of deaf children. Fifteen key principles are presented that have been derived from these stages of data collection. They underpin our understanding of the complexities of what constitutes informed choice. Examples of the actual professional guidance document and parent handbook are also given. These serve to highlight the core difficulties faced in translating the underpinning issues into practical and useful documents for parent and professional alike. (Contains 2 tables.)

Published
2005

35. Social Determinants of Health and Parenting Self-Efficacy Among Mothers of Preterm Infants.

Author

Klawetter, Susanne, Weikel, Blair, Roybal, Kristi, Cetin, Nazan, Uretsky, Mathew C., Bourque, Stephanie L., Hall, Anne, Hwang, Sunah S., Neu, Madalynn, Palau, Mauricio A., Scott, Jessica, Shah, Pari, and Greenfield, Jennifer C.

Subjects
MOTHER-infant relationship, SOCIAL determinants of health, PREMATURE infants, NEONATAL intensive care units, INFANT care, RACE
Abstract

Objective: Using a social determinants of health framework, this study explores the relationships between social and environmental factors and parenting self-efficacy (PSE) among mothers of preterm infants hospitalized in neonatal intensive care units (NICUs). Method: We analyzed data from a prospective cohort study of 187 mother–infant dyads admitted to four Colorado NICUs between June 2017 and December 2019. We used multivariable linear regression models to assess the independent associations between maternal and infant characteristics and PSE. Results: Our final multiple linear regression model predicting the efficacy score—including maternal race/ethnicity, age, insurance, employment status before giving birth, gestational age, depression, and having other children—was significant: F (12 , 160) = 3.17 , p =.0004 , adjusted R 2 =.131. Significant predictors of PSE were race/ethnicity (β = 3.3 , p =.022), having another child/children (β = 4.2 , p =.005), and depression (β = −4.2 , p =.004). Conclusions: Social workers and medical practitioners should consider social determinants of health—such as insurance type, household income, and employment—along with traditional clinical indicators when assessing families' infant care needs. Social workers, medical practitioners, and researchers should be mindful of how implicit bias may influence the allocation of care and parental supports. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2023
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38. Evolution of Genome Size in Brassicaceae

Author

JOHNSTON, J. SPENCER, PEPPER, ALAN E., HALL, ANNE E., CHEN, Z. JEFFREY, HODNETT, GEORGE, DRABEK, JANICE, LOPEZ, REBECCA, and PRICE, H. JAMES

Published
2005

49. Differential rates of local and global homogenization in centromere satellites from Arabidopsis relatives

Author

Hall, Sarah E., Luo, Song, Hall, Anne E., and Preuss, Daphne

Subjects
Genetics -- Research, Centromeres -- Research, Arabidopsis -- Research, Biological sciences
Abstract

Higher eukaryotic centromeres contain thousands of satellite repeats organized into tandem arrays. As species diverge, new satellite variants are homogenized within and between chromosomes, yet the processes by which particular sequences are dispersed are poorly understood. Here, we isolated and analyzed centromere satellites in plants separated from Arabidopsis thaliana by 5-20 million years, uncovering more vapid satellite divergence compared to primate [alpha]-satellite repeats. We also found that satellites derived from the same genomic locus were more similar to each other than satellites derived from disparate genomic regions, indicating that new sequence alterations were homogenized more efficiently at a local, rather than global, level. Nonetheless, the presence of higher-order satellite arrays, similar to those identified in human centromeres, indicated limits to local homogenization and suggested that sequence polymorphisms may play important functional roles. In two species, we defined more extensive polymorphisms, identifying physically separated and highly distinct satellite types. Taken together, these data show that there is a balance between plant satellite homogenization and the persistence of satellite variants. This balance could ultimately generate sufficient sequence divergence to cause mating incompatibilities between plant species, while maintaining adequate conservation within a species for centromere activity.

Published
2005

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