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Angina pectoris is chest pain that results from myocardial ischemia, or the temporary reduction in cardiac blood flow. Unstable angina is a rapidly deteriorating type of angina, caused in part by the formation of intracoronary thrombi (blood clots in the coronary arteries), that often presages the onset of more a more severe cardiovascular emergency such as heart attack. The long-term (for periods greater than six days) use of anticlotting drugs, such as heparin, is well established as a therapeutic strategy for the treatment of unstable angina. With current economic pressures to reduce the duration of hospital stays, it is of interest to know whether there is any therapeutic advantage to be gained by short-term intravenous administration of heparin. (The intravenous route of administration requires hospital care.) To determine the effect of short-term heparin administration on the frequency of ischemic events, a study was carried out involving 47 patients being treated for unstable angina. Twenty patients received intravenous heparin in addition to their other medications for the first 36 hours of evaluation; the remainder received an inactive saline (salt) solution in addition to the medications they had been taking. In both groups these medications included calcium channel blockers, beta adrenergic blocking agents, nitrates, and aspirin. Myocardial ischemia was monitored by electrophysiological monitoring of cardiac function. There was no difference in the frequency of ischemic events between the groups receiving heparin and saline. About 40 percent of both groups suffered ischemic episodes, the majority of which (85 percent) were asymptomatic. The failure of heparin to reduce the incidence of ischemia may be attributable to a masking effect of aspirin (which has much the same effect), the length of treatment, or the possibility that heparin might not exert its effects on angina solely by reducing myocardial ischemia. (Consumer Summary produced by Reliance Medical Information, Inc.)

In this study, the complexation reaction between Alprazolam (ALP) and metal ions (Zn2+, Ni2+, Cu2+ and Co2+) was investigated by using spectrophotometry in ethanol solvent. The stoichiometry of M+/ALP complexes was calculated by applying the Job, molar ratio and Continuous Changes methods and the relevant diagrams were plotted for each metal ions in each method. The results show that the obtained complexes are 1:3. In the Continuous Changes method a defeat was observed at molar fraction of 0.66 for all complexes, which confirms complexes with 1:3 mole ratio. The formation constants of complexes were determined by using nonlinear least square method (KINFIT software) and it was concluded that the stability of complexes is varied in the order Cu2+> Co2+> Ni2+ > Zn2+. Therefore, Cu is the strongest and Zn formed with Alprazolam ligand is the weakest complex. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this paper, sol–gel technique with dip coating was used to prepare photocatalytic TiO 2 coatings on glass plates. Effect of different calcination temperatures of 400, 500, 600 and 700 °C on the photocatalytic activity of TiO 2 coatings was investigated in de-colorization of methylene blue under UV-A irradiations in a batch reactor. The highest methylene blue degradation was achieved by the coating calcined at 500 °C. Lower and higher calcination temperatures had lower activity in degradation of methylene blue. The TiO 2 coating calcined at 500 °C removed almost 90% of initial methylene blue while other coatings barley removed 30% of dye after 400 min of UV irradiations. XRD, FESEM, FTIR, EDX and TEM showed that the calcination temperature had a great influence on crystalline structure of TiO 2 coatings. The coating calcined at 400 °C indicated mixed phase of anatase and rutile but with increasing the calcination temperature to 500 °C, crystalline phase transformed from mixed phase to pure phase of anatase. The TiO 2 crystallites were small and highly dispersed in 500 °C calcined coating compared to other calcination temperatures. The sample calcined at 500 °C had a uniform morphology with smooth coating of small nanoparticles without any crack. Adhesion of TiO 2 coatings on glass plates was investigated by atomic absorption of treated wastewater and sonication weight loss of TiO 2 coatings. The amount of Ti leached from studied coatings was negligible and the 500 °C calcined coating showed the lowest weight loss after sonication. The effect of pH of wastewater, initial concentration of methylene blue and number of TiO 2 coated glass plates was evaluated in decolorization of methylene blue using the TiO 2 coating calcined at 500 °C. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]