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Issue Addressed: Human actions have led to a range of global environmental changes. Health professionals must be prepared to deliver systemic changes to mitigate and adapt to the ecological crisis. This rapid review aimed to describe exemplar frameworks that inform planetary health education across health professions. Methods: The rapid review methodology was informed by a scoping review process. A targeted search strategy was conducted using one representative database and additional strategies such as expert consultation and citation searching were used. Results are described narratively. Results: Of the 11 637 articles, 17 were eligible for inclusion. The frameworks differed, with many recently developed for health professions broadly using a range of methodologies, including qualitative research, opinion/consensus data, literature reviews, and adaptation of previous models. Models such as metric‐based scoring indicators and Sustainable Quality Improvement were featured in the frameworks, as were the application of First Nations Natural Laws. Conclusion: This rapid review identifies and showcases accessible, interdisciplinary frameworks to inform the integration of planetary health in curricula, highlighting a rapidly evolving field through which interdisciplinary collaborations in healthcare are important to inform its pedagogy and application. Health education is an important component of health promotion; and thus this rapid review offers a range of approaches that health professionals, health promotion practitioners, and educators can use to inform the integration of planetary health, including sustainable healthcare, into curricula. So What?: Educational frameworks are informed by research and practice and provide key guidance to practitioners and educators; summarising key available planetary health education frameworks consolidates and guides effective education and builds on the existing body of knowledge to support urgent pro‐environmental change. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article discusses the perspective of dietitians on fostering momentum for planetary health change. It highlights the growing interest among health professionals, including dietitians, in addressing the environmental burden created by healthcare and food systems. The article emphasizes the importance of incorporating planetary health into the education and training of emerging health professionals, as well as the need for advocacy, leadership, innovation, and activism in tackling the planetary health crisis. It calls for a coordinated effort from educators, governing bodies, and organizations to prioritize planetary health as core business and harness the concern of younger generations for climate change as a driving force for progress. [Extracted from the article]

To link to full-text access for this article, visit this link: http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.paerosci.2004.08.001 Byline: N. Qin (a), A. Vavalle (b), A. Le Moigne (a), M. Laban (c), K. Hackett (b), P. Weinerfelt (d) Abstract: In this paper, we present a progressive aerodynamic study of a blended wing body (BWB) configuration within a European project, MOB (A computational design engine incorporating multi-disciplinary design and optimisation for blended wing body configuration). The paper starts with an overview of various blended wing body aircraft design projects in relation to their aerodynamic behaviour. After a theoretical assessment of the ideal aerodynamic performance for the baseline configuration, viscous flow simulations were carried out to investigate the aerodynamic performance of the baseline design. The effects of spanwise distribution on the BWB aircraft aerodynamic efficiency were studied through an inverse twist design approach, combining both a low-fidelity panel method and a high-fidelity Reynolds-averaged Navier-Stokes solution method. Following the inverse design studies, the BWB wing was mapped to an aerofoil optimisation problem and the optimised aerofoil was projected back to the BWB wing to investigate further performance improvement. Finally, three-dimensional aerodynamic surface optimisation of the BWB is carried out based on both continuous and discrete adjoint approaches. A progressive improvement of the aerodynamic performance is demonstrated for the given BWB planform and the design cruise condition. Author Affiliation: (a) Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Sheffield, Sheffield S1 3JD, UK (b) Future Systems Technology, QinetiQ Ltd., Bedford MK44 2FQ, UK (c) National Aerospace Laboratory, NLR, The Netherlands (d) Future Products, SAAB Aerospace, SE-581 88 Linkoping, Sweden

The Air Force Research Laboratory/Phillips Laboratory magnetically insulated transmission line oscillator (MILO) is a gigawatt-class, L-band, high-power microwave tube driven by a 500-kV, 60-kA electron beam. A previous version of this tube [1] generated 1.5 GW pulses, but with significant RF pulse shortening. This paper reports on improvements to the tube that have allowed us to increase the output power by 25% and to increase the RF pulse duration by a factor of two and a half. Index Terms - Crossed-field device, high-power microwave tube, magnetically insulated transmission line oscillator, MILO.

Samira Tatiyama Miyamoto,1 Dennis William Lendrem,2–4 Wan-Fai Ng,2–4 Katie Louise Hackett,2,4–5 Valéria Valim6,71Department of Integrated Education in Health, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Vitória, Brazil; 2Musculoskeletal Research Group, Institute of Cellular Medicine, Newcastle University and NIHR Newcastle Biomedical Research Centre, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK; 3NIHR Newcastle Biomedical Research Centre, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK; 4Newcastle upon Tyne Hospitals NHS Trust, , Newcastle upon Tyne, UK; 5Department of Social Work, Education and Community Wellbeing, Northumbria University, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK; 6Department of Medical Clinic, Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, Vitória, Brazil; 7Rheumatology Outpatient Clinic, Hospital Universitário Cassiano Antônio de Moraes (HUCAM), Vitória, BrazilAbstract: Primary Sjögren’s syndrome (pSS) patients identify fatigue as their most important symptom and the one most difficult to cope with, but there are still many challenges and few solutions to manage this debilitating symptom. Promising pharmacological treatments, such as rituximab, have failed in more stringent tests including randomized controlled trials (RCTs) and meta-analysis. While non-pharmacological interventions may be safer, less costly, and address other common comorbidities, to date only aerobic exercise seems to be effective at reducing fatigue in pSS. All interventions, pharmacological or not, need to be tested in high-quality RCTs. The aim of this review is to provide an overview of fatigue management in pSS and discuss potential opportunities for future research.Keywords: primary Sjögren’s syndrome, fatigue, treatment, review

Objectives: To determine the prevalence of autonomic dysfunction (dysautonomia) among patients with primary Sjögren's syndrome (PSS) and the relationships between dysautonomia and other clinical features of PSS.Methods: Multicentre, prospective, cross-sectional study of a UK cohort of 317 patients with clinically well-characterised PSS. Symptoms of autonomic dysfunction were assessed using a validated instrument, the Composite Autonomic Symptom Scale (COMPASS). The data were compared with an age- and sex-matched cohort of 317 community controls. The relationships between symptoms of dysautonomia and various clinical features of PSS were analysed using regression analysis.Results: COMPASS scores were significantly higher in patients with PSS than in age- and sex-matched community controls (median (IQR) 35.5 (20.9-46.0) vs 14.8 (4.4-30.2), p<0.0001). Nearly 55% of patients (vs 20% of community controls, p<0.0001) had a COMPASS score >32.5, a cut-off value indicative of autonomic dysfunction. Furthermore, the COMPASS total score correlated independently with EULAR Sjögren's Syndrome Patient Reported Index (a composite measure of the overall burden of symptoms experienced by patients with PSS) (β=0.38, p<0.001) and disease activity measured using the EULAR Sjögren's Syndrome Disease Activity Index (β=0.13, p<0.009).Conclusions: Autonomic symptoms are common among patients with PSS and may contribute to the overall burden of symptoms and link with systemic disease activity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Hard coral (Scleractinia and Milleporina) cover data were examined from 37 sites surveyed annually from 1996 to 2003 in the Florida reef tract, USA. Analyses of species numbers and total cover showed that site-to-site differences were generally very much greater than differences among times within sites. There were no significant differences among different geographical areas within the reef tract (Upper, Middle and Lower Keys). Large-scale changes documented included a reduction in species numbers and total cover on both deep and shallow offshore reefs between 1997 and 1999 followed by no recovery in cover, and only scant evidence of any recovery in species numbers by 2003. These changes coincided with bleaching events in 1997 and 1998, and the passage of Hurricane Georges through the Lower Keys in 1998. The lack of recovery among offshore reefs suggests that they were no longer resilient. Multivariate analyses revealed that some sites showed relatively little temporal variation in community composition, essentially random in direction, while others showed relatively large year-on-year changes. There was little evidence of any major region-wide changes affecting assemblage composition, or of any events that had impacted all of the sampling sites in any single year. Instead, different sites exhibited differing patterns of temporal variation, with certain sites displaying greater variation than others. Changes in community composition at some sites are interpreted in the light of knowledge of events at those sites and the relative sensitivities of species to various stressors, such as changes in cover of Acropora palmata and Millepora complanata at Sand Key following the bleaching events and hurricane in 1998, and declines in Montastraea annularis at Smith Shoal following a harmful algal bloom in 2002. For most sites, however, it is impossible to determine the causes of observed variation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Discusses developments of certain aspects of flow control concerned with reducing the drag of, and delaying flow separation on, wings and bodies over which the flow is turbulent. Flows that needed to be controlled; Flow control devices; Effects on wing and body flows.

Research on forming, compressing, and accelerating milligram-range compact toroids using a meter diameter, two-stage, puffed gas, magnetic field embedded coaxial plasma gun is described. The compact toroids that are studied are similar to spheromaks, but they are threaded by an inner conductor. This research effort, named marauder (Magnetically Accelerated Ring to Achieve Ultra-high Directed Energy and Radiation), is not a magnetic confinement fusion program like most spheromak efforts. Rather, the ultimate goal of the present program is to compress toroids to high mass density and magnetic field intensity, and to accelerate the toroids to high speed. There are a variety of applications for compressed, accelerated toroids including fast opening switches, x-radiation production, radio frequency (rf) compression, as well as charge-neutral ion beam and inertial confinement fusion studies. Experiments performed to date to form and accelerate toroids have been diagnosed with magnetic probe arrays, laser interferometry, time and space resolved optical spectroscopy, and fast photography. Parts of the experiment have been designed by, and experimental results are interpreted with, the help of two-dimensional (2-D), time-dependent magnetohydrodynamic (MHD) numerical simulations. When not driven by a second discharge, the toroids relax to a Woltjer–Taylor equilibrium state that compares favorably to the results of 2-D equilibrium calculations and to 2-D time-dependent MHD simulations. Current, voltage, and magnetic probe data from toroids that are driven by an acceleration discharge are compared to 2-D MHD and to circuit solver/slug model predictions. Results suggest that compact toroids are formed in 7–15 μsec, and can be accelerated intact with material species the same as injected gas species and entrained mass ≥1/2 the injected mass. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Behçet's disease is a rare autoimmune vasculitis that may cause coronary artery aneurysms. We discuss the evaluation and management decisions for a 19-year-old female with a giant rapidly expanding aneurysm of the proximal left anterior descending coronary artery and Behçet's disease.  [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]