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'Regent' is the fungal resistant grapevine cultivar with the highest acreage in Germany and an important resistance donor in international breeding programs. It carries the resistance loci Rpv3.1 as well as Ren3 and Ren9 against downy and powdery mildew, respectively. As the parents of 'Chambourcin', the resistant paternal ancestor of 'Regent', did not coincide with the breeder's information, the germplasm repository of JKI Geilweilerhof was screened to find the missing ancestors. SSR marker analysis revealed that 'Joannes Seyve 11369' and 'Plantet' are the true parents of 'Chambourcin' and not 'Seyve Villard 12-417' and 'Chancellor'. Furthermore, the origin of the resistance loci Ren3 and Ren9 could be traced back to the genotypes 'Seibel 4614' and 'Munson'. Since the breeder Hermann Jaeger mentioned 'Munson' as a direct descendant of Vitis aestivalis Michx. var. linsecomii (Buckley) L. H. Bailey and Vitis rupestris Scheele, one of these wild species might have been the donor of the loci. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate how patient knowledge and beliefs regarding nonsteroidal anti‐inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) may influence the use of NSAIDs for osteoarthritis (OA). Methods: Surveys of 334 adults with knee and/or hip OA were analyzed in this cross‐sectional study. Familiarity with and perceptions of benefits/risks of NSAID use were measured to assess associations with the use of prescription and nonprescription oral NSAIDs. Multinomial logistic regression models were adjusted for sociodemographic and clinical variables. Results: In this sample, 35.9% and 35.6% reported use of oral prescription and nonprescription‐only NSAIDs, respectively. Hispanic participants, compared with non‐Hispanic White participants, had lower perceived benefit (P = 0.005) and risk (P = 0.001) of prescription NSAIDs. The following were associated with prescription NSAID use instead of no NSAID use: having family/friends who used prescription (relative risk ratio [RRR] 3.91; 95% confidence interval [CI] 2.05‐7.47) and over‐the‐counter (OTC) (RRR 3.10; 95% CI 1.65‐5.83) NSAIDs for OA, understanding the consequences of using both prescription (RRR 3.50; 95% CI 1.79‐6.86) and OTC (RRR 2.80; 95% CI 1.39‐5.65) NSAIDs, higher perceived benefit of both prescription (RRR 2.51; 95% CI 1.71‐3.66) and OTC (RRR 1.44; 95% CI 1.01‐2.06) NSAIDs, and lower perceived risk of both types of NSAIDs (prescription: RRR 0.63 [95% CI 0.46‐0.87]; OTC: RRR 0.53 [95% CI 0.37‐0.75]). Similar results were found when we assessed the relationship between these variables and OTC NSAID use versus no oral NSAID use. Conclusion: Adults with knee and/or hip OA were more likely to use NSAIDs if they were more familiar with, had an increased perceived benefit of, and had a decreased perceived risk of these drugs. Patients' perceptions and beliefs about NSAIDs should be evaluated when considering them for treatment. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Plant roots are essential for water and nutrient uptake and contribute to the plants' response to environmental stress factors. As the hidden half of a plant, investigation of root systems is highly challenging, most of available methods are destructive and very labour-intensive. In this proof-of-concept study, a non-invasive X-ray micro computed tomography (X-ray µCT) method was applied to investigate the phenotypic variation of the complex three-dimensional (3D) architecture of grapevine roots as a function of genotype and soil. Woody cuttings of 'Calardis Musqué', 'Villard Blanc' and V3125 ('Schiava Grossa' x 'Riesling') were cultivated in polypropylene columns filled with two different soil types, clay loam and sandy loam, for 6 weeks. Afterwards, the columns were scanned once using the technique of X-ray µCT. The received raw data were analysed for the reconstruction of 3D root system models (3D model), which display a non-destructive visualization of whole, intact root systems with a spatial resolution of 42 µm. The 3D models of all investigated plants (in total 18) were applied to quantify root system characteristics precisely by measuring adventitious root length, lateral root length, total root length, root system surface area, root system volume and root growth angles from the woody cutting relative to a horizontal axis. The results showed that: (i) early root formation and root growth differed between genotypes, especially between 'Calardis Musqué' and 'Villard Blanc'; and (ii) the soil type does influence adventitious root formation of V3125, but had minor effects on 'Calardis Musqué' and 'Villard Blanc'. In conclusion, this innovative, high-resolution method of X-ray µCT is suitable for high resolution phenotyping of root formation, architecture, and rooting characteristics of grapevine woody cuttings in a non-destructive manner, e.g. to investigate root response to drought stress and would provide new insights into phylloxera root infection. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A biparental population segregating for downy mildew resistance was studied to identify resistance linked molecular markers. The progeny of 202 individuals from a cross of V3125 (susceptible breeding line) with 'Börner' (resistant rootstock) was phenotyped in the field in four seasons and by evaluating artificially infected leaf discs. QTL mapping revealed a major resistance locus on chromosome 5 that explained up to 17.4 % of the phenotypic variance. This new resistance locus was named Rpv14. It was transmitted from the male grandparent V. cinerea Arnold to 'Börner' and is associated with the marker GF05-13. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Treating chronic low back pain (CLBP) with spine-focused interventions is common, potentially dangerous, and often ineffective. We posit that CLBP in older adults is a geriatric syndrome – a final common pathway for the expression of multiple contributors. We have published evidence and expert consensus-based algorithms to guide evaluation and treatment of key biopsychosocial CLBP contributors in older adults – hip osteoarthritis, myofascial pain, fibromyalgia, sacroiliac joint syndrome, lumbar spinal stenosis, leg length inequality, lateral hip/thigh pain, anxiety, depression, insomnia, and maladaptive coping. This preliminary trial tests the feasibility and efficacy of care based on these algorithms in Aging Back Clinics (ABC). Fifty-five English-speaking Veterans age 60-89 with CLBP and no red flags, prior back surgery, dementia, impaired communication, or uncontrolled psychiatric illness were randomized to ABC care or usual care (UC) over 6 months. ABC care was implemented by geriatricians trained in CLBP assessment who: 1) performed a structured history and physical examination to identify pain contributors, 2) provided structured education to participants about their contributors, and 3) recommended additional care using collaborative decision making. Primary outcomes were low back pain severity (0 to 10 current, and 7-day average and worst pain) and pain-related disability (Roland Morris [RM] questionnaire). Follow up data were collected monthly by telephone. ABC participants experienced significantly greater reduction in 7-day average (-1.22 points; p=0.023) and worst pain (-1.70 points; p=0.003) at 6 months. Neither present pain nor RM score at 6-months was statistically significant but favored ABC in magnitude. Descriptively, participants randomized to UC were more likely to experience pain-related emergency room visits (45.8 vs 30.8%; p=0.5136) and be exposed to Beers' list medications, specifically non-COX2 nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (73.1% vs. 54.2) and muscle relaxants (42.3% vs. 16.7). These preliminary data suggest that ABC care reduces pain and exposure to other potential morbidity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Determine modifiable social and psychological health factors that are associated with use of oral opioid and non-opioid medications for OA.Methods: Patients were categorized based on use of the following oral medications: opioids (with/without other oral analgesic treatments), non-opioid analgesics, and no oral analgesic treatment. We used multinomial logistic regression models to estimate adjusted relative risk ratios (RRRs) of using an opioid or a non-opioid analgesic (vs. no oral analgesic treatment), comparing patients by levels of social support (Medical Outcomes Study scale), health literacy ("How confident are you filling out medical forms by yourself?"), and depressive symptoms (Patient Health Questionnaire-8). Models were adjusted for demographic and clinical characteristics.Results: In this sample (mean age 64.2 years, 23.6% women), 30.6% (n = 110) reported taking opioid analgesics for OA, 54.2% (n = 195) reported non-opioid use, and 15.3% (n = 55) reported no oral analgesic use. Opioid users had lower mean social support scores (10.0 vs 10.5 vs 11.9, P = 0.007) and were more likely to have moderate-severe depressive symptoms (42.7% vs 24.1% vs 14.5%, P < 0.001). Health literacy did not differ by treatment group type. Having moderate-severe depression was associated with higher risk of opioid analgesic use compared to no oral analgesic use (RRR 2.96, 95%CI 1.08-8.07) when adjusted for sociodemographic and clinical factors. Neither social support nor health literacy was associated with opioid or non-opioid oral analgesic use in fully adjusted models.Conclusions: Knee OA patients with more severe depression symptoms, compared to those without, were more likely to report using opioid analgesics for OA. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]