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Copyright of Current Research in Dental Sciences is the property of Ataturk University Coordinatorship of Scientific Journals and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Eurasian Journal of Veterinary Sciences is the property of Eurasian Journal of Veterinary Sciences and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Aim: Belonging to the group of flavonoids, Engeletin is a molecule with strong anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and anticancer properties. However, the effect of this molecule on breast cancer cells has not been studied yet. For this purpose, the effectiveness of Engeletin (ENG) on cell proliferation, invasion, and apoptosis in the human breast cancer cell line (MCF-7) was investigated in this study. Material and Method: ENG was studied at 1, 10, and 100 µM doses in the MCF-7 cell line. In the study, cell proliferation was analyzed by MTT cell viability test, its effectiveness on invasion was analyzed by Transwell assay, and cellular viability and apoptotic evaluation were analyzed by fluorescence staining method. Results: It was determined that engeletin reduced MCF-7 cell proliferation. The ENG 100 µM dose was found to be the most effective dose. While ENG application decreases the number of viable cells, it causes an increase in the number of apoptotic cells. In addition, it was determined that ENG application significantly reduced the number of invasive cells in a dose-dependent manner compared to the control group (p<0.001). Conclusion: Engeletin is a molecule with anti-carcinogenic, antiproliferative activity on MCF-7 cells. In addition, ENG shows an antiinvasive activity in MCF-7 cells, demonstrating that it is a molecule with anti-metastatic activity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of the study was to determine whether calcium chloride affects the proliferation of osteoblast like cells in a sex-dependent manner, as well as to determine the most effective concentration on proliferation of osteoblast like cells, in in vitro conditions. Bone marrow was used as biological material from young adult rats, both sexes, aged 90-95 days. Six different concentrations of calcium chloride were tested, determining the numerical representation of osteoblast like cells after 24 and 48 hours. Test results of mean values between males and females after 24 hours, indicate significant differences with a probability of P<0.05 at calcium chloride concentrations of: 0.25 mM and 1.8 mM. Results after 48 hours showed that there were no significant differences at most CaCl2 concentrations. It was found that male osteoblast like cells show a higher affinity for different calcium chloride concentrations when compared to the female osteoblast like cells. The calcium chloride concentration of 0.25 mM affected the proliferation of osteoblast like cells most favorably, which is 26.6% higher than the control values. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: Endometriosis is a gynecological syndrome that affects many women around the world. The effective management for this illness has not been determined. The aim of this study was to explore the effect of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) and metformin on Bax/Bcl-2, Ki67, VEGF, TNF-α, and endometrial implants in endometriosis mice. Materials and Methods: Thirty mice with endometriosis were equally divided into 5 experimental groups (S1: 0.1 ml MSCs + 4 mg metformin; S2: 0.1 ml MSCs; S3: 4 mg metformin; S4: 0.1 ml NaCl 9%; and S5: 4 mg metformin + subsequent 0.1 ml MSCs) for 14 days. On the 15th day, peritoneal tissues of mice and endometrial implants were removed to examine the expressions of Bax/Bcl-2, Ki67, VEGF, and TNF-α using immunohistochemical staining, and Allred index and endometrial implants using image tracing method with a computer. The obtained data were analyzed using the Kruskal- Wallis and ANOVA tests, followed by the Least Significant Difference (LSD) and Mann-Whitney Post-hoc tests. Results: There were significant differences in the expressions of Bax/Bcl-2 (p=0.002), Ki67 (p=0.004), TNF-α (p=0.017), and endometrial implants (p=0.001) in all groups, except for VEGF (p=0.079). The values of S2 didn’t differ much compared to the control group (S4) in the Bax/Bcl-2 (p=0.487), TNF-α (p=0.191), and endometrial implants (p=0.2). S1 was found to have the highest Bax/Bcl-2 (1.67±0.845) and lowest TNF-α (4.67±2.15) and endometrial implant (0.86±2.11). Conclusion: MSCs alone had not any beneficial effect on the treatment of endometriosis, whereas metformin by itself exhibited favorable results. The combination of MSCs and metformin at the same time shows superior outcomes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: Olivetol, is a phenolic compound found in certain species of lichen, is known with it's anti-oxidant and anti-cholinergic effects. However, the functions of olivetol in cancer cell have not been investigated yet. We evaluated the effects of olivetol on the cell proliferation and invasion of human neuroblastoma cells. Material and Method: Human neuroblastoma SHSY-5Y cell line was used in this study. Olivetol was administered to groups at the doses of 50 and 100µM. Cell proliferation was analyzed by real time cell analyzer xCelligence. The expressions of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP2 and MMP9) were assessed by RT-PCR. Effects of olivetol on invasion were determined by transwell matrigel assays. Results: It was investigated that olivetol inhibited human neuroblastoma SHSY-5Y cell proliferation. High dose of olivetol (100µM) almost killed the total cells at the end of the 72 hours. It was also seen that olivetol decreased MMP2 and MMP9 gene expressions of neuroblastoma cells in dose dependent manner. Looking at the invasion results, it was determined that olivetol treatment inhibited the invasion of SHSY-5Y cells. Conclusion: This results showed that olivetol inhibits of neuroblastoma cell proliferations. Olivetol can be used to prevent invasion of SHSY-5Y cells, due to its inhibitory effect on MMP2 and MMP9. Olivetol can be considered as an alternative candidate in the treatment of neuroblastoma, as it suppresses matrix metalloproteinase levels. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The study was carried out to investigate the effect of thymoquinone (TQ), one of the important ingredients of Nigella sativa (N. Sativa-black seed) used in traditional treatment of many diseases and production of some drugs, on the expression level of some major genes involved in cell proliferation in the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway. NRK-52E cell line was used as study material. The proliferative concentration of TQ was determined by MTT viability assay by treating different concentrations of TQ on the cells. The determined TQ concentration was administered to the cells and the expression levels of the important junctional genes in the PI3K/AKT/mTOR pathway were determined by real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR). It was determined that TQ increased cell viability up to a certain concentration, and then caused cytotoxicity with increasing concentration. In this study, the proliferative concentration of TQ was determined as 10 µM. It was detected that 24 hours after TQ administration, ERBB2, a receptor tyrosine kinase subunit, increased with the increase in PI3K and AKT1 gene levels, however a decrease in the mTOR expression level. According to these data, it is thought that consuming TQ and its contents in low concentrations may be beneficial, whereas consumption in high concentrations may lead to kidney damage. It was concluded that this possibility is worth investigating and it may be useful to plan further studies for this purpose and shed light on future studies in investigating the effect of TQ on different cell types at the molecular level. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: Breast cancer (BC) is the most commonly diagnosed cancer in women worldwide with a high mortality rate, despite early detection and treatment. Spindle and kinetochore-associated complex subunit 3 (SKA3) is closely correlated with patient outcomes in several cancers. The present study aimed to elucidate the role of SKA3 in BC. Methods: The biological functions of SKA3 was investigated by proliferation and migration assays in MDA-MB-231 cells with stable SKA3 knockdown and Hs578T cells ectopically expressing SKA3. Gene Expression Omnibus datasets were utilised to determine the correlation between SKA3 expression and clinical features of BC patients. Results: We confirmed that SKA3 mRNA expression is higher in breast tumour tissue than in normal tissue, and that higher SKA3 expression is associated with poor survival rate of BC patients. Knockdown of SKA3 reduced MDA-MB-231 cell proliferation and migration, whereas SKA3 overexpression enhanced the proliferative and migratory ability of Hs578T cells. We also found that SKA3 is involved in regulating cell cycle progression in mitotic exit. Conclusions: These results suggest that SKA3 is correlated with BC cell proliferation and migration by promoting cell cycle progression, and could be a novel potential therapeutic target for BC treatment. Giriş: Meme kanseri (BC), erken tespit ve tedaviye rağmen, yüksek mortalite oranı ile dünya çapında kadınlarda en sık teşhis edilen kanserdir. Kromozomların bağlandığı lifler ve kinetokor ile ilişkili kompleks alt birim 3 (SKA3), çeşitli kanser türlerinde hasta sonuçlarıyla yakından ilişkilidir. Amaç: Bu çalışma, SKA3'ün BC'deki rolünü aydınlatmayı amaçlamaktadır. Yöntemler: SKA3'ün biyolojik fonksiyonları, stabil SKA3 knockdown'lu MDA-MB-231 hücrelerinde ve SKA3'ü ektopik olarak eksprese eden Hs578T hücrelerinde proliferasyon ve migrasyon deneyleri ile araştırıldı. Gen İfadesi Omnibus veri setleri, BC hastalarının SKA3 ekspresyonu ile klinik özellikleri arasındaki ilişkiyi belirlemek için kullanıldı. Bulgular: SKA3 mRNA ekspresyonunun göğüs tümör dokusunda normal dokudan daha yüksek olduğunu ve daha yüksek SKA3 ekspresyonunun BC hastalarının zayıf hayatta kalma oranı ile ilişkili olduğunu doğruladık. SKA3'ün yok edilmesi, MDA-MB-231 hücre proliferasyonunu ve göçünü azaltırken, SKA3 aşırı ekspresyonu, Hs578T hücrelerinin proliferatif ve göç etme kabiliyetini arttırdı. Ayrıca SKA3'ün mitotik çıkışta hücre döngüsü ilerlemesinin düzenlenmesinde rol oynadığını bulduk. Sonuçlar: Bu sonuçlar, SKA3'ün, hücre döngüsü ilerlemesini teşvik ederek BC hücre proliferasyonu ve göçü ile ilişkili olduğunu ve BC tedavisi için yeni bir potansiyel terapötik hedef olabileceğini düşündürmektedir. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate bcl-2, bax, and c-erbB-2 expressions in primary and secondary acquired cholesteatoma and to indicate the role of apoptosis and accompanying increased cellular proliferation in the pathogenesis of cholesteatoma. Methods: Samples obtained from the skin of the external ear canal (EEC) of patients operated for chronic otitis media (COM) without cholesteatoma constituted Group 1; samples from the EEC skin of patients in Group 3 operated for COM with cholesteatoma and from the EEC skin of patients in Group 4 constituted Group 2; samples obtained from the cholesteatoma matrix of patients operated for COM with primary acquired cholesteatoma constituted Group 3; and samples obtained from the cholesteatoma matrix of patients operated for COM with secondary acquired cholesteatoma constituted Group 4. The assessment of the positive cell ratio was based on the presence of the following findings and was semiquantitatively classified into four groups: 0, no staining; + cell staining (weak positive staining: 1%-33%); ++ cell staining (moderately positive staining: 34%-66%); and +++ cell staining (strong positive staining: 67%-100%). Results: Comparison of the staining scores of bcl-2, bax, and c-erbB-2 revealed a statistically insignificant difference in the staining of samples obtained from the EEC skin (p>0.05). Decreased bcl-2 expression and increased bax and c-erbB-2 expressions were determined in primary and secondary acquired cholesteatoma epithelium compared with the EEC skin of patients operated for COM with or without cholesteatoma, and the differences were found to be statistically significant (p<0.05). Conclusion: In acquired cholesteatoma epithelium, the finding of decreased bcl-2 expression as well as increased bax and c-erbB-2 expressions compared with the EEC skin is an indicator of the increase in both cellular proliferation and apoptosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: This study investigated the effects of a Rho kinase inhibitor on vascular endothelial cells. Material and Methods: Human umbilical venous endothelial cells (HUVECs) were obtained from the American Type Culture Collection. Cells were seeded in 96-well gelatin coated microtiter plates at a concentration of 1x104 cells/ml in a final volume of 100 µ1 per well. Three groups were established: a control group and groups with rho kinase inhibitor (fasudil) added at concentrations of 5 or 6 mM. These baseline cultures were then observed for 72 hours. Results: A strong linear cell proliferation was seen in the control and the rho kinase inhibitor groups. The average concentration was 1.063 for the 5 mMol fasudil group and 1.147 for the 6 mM group, and this difference was statistically significant (p=0.044). The number of cells analyzed at 24 to 48 hours showed a significant difference, but the cell numbers between 48 and 72 hours did not differ statistically. Conclusion: Fasudil did not show any cytotoxicity to endothelial cells; on the contrary, it promoted cell proliferation. The increase in endothelial cell proliferation and vascular stenosis was caused by neointimal hyperplasia, which would be detrimental in diseases such as stent stenosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the present study three different cell cultures, derived from rabbit kidney (RK13), rat liver (WBF344) and insect origin (Sf21), were used to examine the cytotoxic effect of the insecticide endosulfan. Cytotoxicity was determined on the basis of cell proliferation activity; the cellular damage was assessed by evaluation of cytopathic effect and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) leakage. Endosulfan treatment suppressed proliferative activity in cell cultures as follows: insect Sf21 cells (10-1-10-5 M; PcO.OI) > WBF344 (lO-1-1O-4 M) > RK13 cells (10-1-10-3 M). LDH leakage into the medium was increased in WBF344 cells at 10-1-10-3 M (P<0.01), whereas in RK13 and Sf21 cells at 10 '-102 M (P<0.05) compared to solvent control. These results indicate cell type-dependent sensitivity to endosulfan exposure. Endosulfan caused a more pronounced decrease in insect cell proliferation in comparison with mammalian cell cultures; however, the LDH leakage and microscopical signs of cellular damage were the most intensive in liver cells. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: The aim of this study was to encapsulate vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) microspheres using a water-in-oil-in-water emulsification method. Particle size distribution and surface morphology of PLGA microspheres and VEGF loaded PLGA microspheres were investigated. The effect of VEGF in free form and VEGF loaded in PLGA microspheres were also evaluated in the cell culture for cell proliferation and cytotoxicity. Material and Method: Particles were sized by laser diffractometry. In vitro release profiles of VEGF from the microspheres were investigated in pH 7.4 phosphate buffer. The VEGF release was assessed using the enzyme linked immunosorbant assay (ELISA). The surface morphology of the microspheres was determined by a scanning electron microscobe. For the evaluation of the cytotoxicity of the formulations and proliferation effect of VEGF, the tetrazolium dye assay (MTT test) was performed.Results: The microspheres were found to be spherical with particle size ranges of 8-12 µµm for PLGA microspheres and 8-159 µm for VEGF loaded PLGA microspheres and the in vitro release results indicated that VEGF was released from the microspheres up to 30 days. According to the cell culture results, the formulations were non-cytotoxic and helps cells proliferate. Conclusion: VEGF loaded microspheres were successfully prepared and their physical properties and in vitro release rate and cytotoxicity tests showed that the microspheres could be used for further in vivo experiments regarding nerve graft prefabrication. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate possible similar or different mechanisms in recurrent and spontaneous abortion by evaluating immunohistochemical correlation between proliferation marker Ki-67, and apoptosis markers Bcl-2 and Bax in the fetal trophoblasts and maternal deciduas from abortion material. Material and Method: Eighty samples of curettage materials from 65 abortion patients histopathologically diagnosed "decidua showing Arias-Stella reaction and chorionic villi" or only "decidua showing Arias-Stella reaction" were included in the study. Hematoxylin&Eosin stained sections from all cases were re-evaluated and further stained immunohistochemically using antibodies against Ki-67, Bcl-2 and Bax. Results: Proliferation rate evaluated by Ki-67 expression both in the cytotrophoblastic cells and decidua was found to be significantly lower in spontaneous and recurrent abortions compared to evacuation abortion. The extent of Bcl-2 expression in syncytiotrophoblastic cells covering villous stroma was also decreased in spontaneous abortion. There were no significant differences between spontaneous and recurrent abortions in terms of Bcl-2 expression in syncytiotrophoblasts and Ki-67 proliferation index in cytotrophoblastic cells or decidua. Bax staining showed minimal decidual expression in a few spontaneous and recurrent abortions. Conclusion: We concluded that proliferation rate was decreased in fetal villous cytotrophoblasts and maternal deciduas in spontaneous and recurrent abortions. We also proposed that loss of Bcl-2 expression in syncytiotrophoblasts may cause abortion in a subset of cases. However, the data from spontaneous and recurrent abortions did not not support the presence of different mechanisms in both groups. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background and Design: Abnormal differentiation and hyperproliferation of keratinocytes are the hallmarks of psoriasis vulgaris. Although psoriasis vulgaris is generally accepted as a disease of decreased keratinocyte apoptosis, the results are contradictory. The aim of the current study is to investigate whether decreased keratinocyte apoptosis contributes to the formation of a thickened epidermis as increased keratinocyte proliferation. Material and Method: Forty-three untreated psoriasis vulgaris patients and 20 healthy control subjects were included into the study. Biopsy specimens taken from the enrollee were evaluated by immunohistochemical staining for Ki-67 expressions to show the proliferation of keratinocytes and by the terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase-mediated dUTP-biotin nickend labeling (TUNEL) method to show the apoptotic keratinocytes. Results: Apoptotic index (percentage of the TUNEL positive cells) was significantly lower in psoriatic epidermis (0.33±0.64) than in normal epidermis (0.75±0.85); whereas Ki-67 index (percentage of positively staining cells for Ki-67) was significantly higher in psoriatic epidermis (30.86±10.49) than in normal epidermis (11.65±2.98), (p=0.021 and p=0.00; respectively). Conclusion: Decreased keratinocyte apoptosis also contribute to increased epidermal thickness in psoriasis as well as increased keratinocyte proliferation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Implant Dentistry is the property of Lippincott Williams & Wilkins and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)