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Objectives: Presently, data on the vascularization of the superficial musculoaponeurotic system of the face (SMAS) are lacking. Thus, the present study aimed to provide new conclusive data about the topography, density, and relationship of the SMAS blood vessels with other components, namely, the fibrous connective tissue and muscles. Methods: The study included a control lot of 42 cases from the archive of the radiology department. In this group, nuclear magnetic resonance angiography (MRA) was performed in order to identify the main sources of vascular supply. In the second group, tissue samples were collected from the midfacial region of 45 patients from the Oro-Maxillo-Facial and Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery clinics of 'St. Spiridon' County Clinical Emergency Hospital, Iasi. These patients received surgery for excision of tumoral formations that did not involve SMAS components. These samples underwent micro-CT analysis, hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining, as well as immunohistochemical (IHC) staining for collagen type III, muscle tissue, and the vascular endothelium. Results: We discovered the particular way in which the SMAS components interrelate with vascularization and the regional differences between them. We have discovered a new vascular network specific to the SMAS, highlighted by both the micro-CT technique and microscopy on slides with special IHC staining. Significant differences were observed in the topographic arrangement, density, and relationships of the microscopic vasculature across midfacial regions. IHC staining provided morphological and functional information about the structure and vascularization of SMAS. Conclusions: The MRA technique could not detect the structural blood vessels of the SMAS and other methods for their in vivo visualization must be sought. The blood vessels of the SMAS mainly follow the topography of the muscle fibers. From the SMAS layer where they are found, the distribution branches reach the stroma of the region and the hypoderm. Our data can contribute to the development of surgical techniques tailored to each individual patient, as well as the enhancement of methods for stimulating cutaneous angiogenesis, improving scarring in this region, and advancing biotissue engineering techniques. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

With the rise in longevity within the population, medicine continues to encounter fresh hurdles necessitating prompt actions, among which are those associated with hip joint aging. Age-related arthropathies encompass damage to bones' articulating extremities and their supporting structures, such as articular cartilage, and alterations in the quantity and quality of synovial fluid. This study aims to summarize the biomolecular methods of hip joint evaluation focused on its vascularization, using data correlated with biomolecular research on other joints and tissues, in order to reach an objective opinion of the study prospects in this field. Following a retrospective study on most modern biomolecular research methods on the synovium, the capsule, and the articular cartilage of the hip joint, we have hereby concretized certain future research directions in this field that will improve the qualitative and morphofunctional management of the hip joint at an advanced age, even within population categories at risk of developing various degenerative joint pathologies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The soft superficial tissues of the face are against gravity through an intricate network of ligaments and ligamentous attachments. The aim of this investigation is to delineate the relationship between the muscular, fibrous, and vascular components of the superficial musculoaponeurotic system of the face (SMAS) at the level of its periosteal fixation areas from advanced radiological and novel biomarkers' perspectives. These areas represent key points underlying skin aging and the longevity of restorative surgery results. Methods: This study was carried out on 37 surgical specimens, excised from patients admitted for surgery. On the excised specimens, we used special immunohistochemical techniques, such as markers for collagen type III, angiogenesis, vascular endothelium (I-CAM2) and muscle fibers (MYH2). We performed a micro-CT evaluation of these 37 specimens. Results: The results of this study showed different radiologic and IHC characteristics of the means of periosteal fixation of the SMAS. Evidence of morphohistological and radiological peculiarities of the retaining ligaments highlights new data for future functional studies of these structures. Our research must be continued with larger groups of subjects and through detailed methodological studies of vascular microperfusion and could represent an important new step in biotissue engineering and the customization of surgical techniques involving the sub-SMAS layers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Throughout history, people have struggled to find out the secret of youth. The aim of the manuscript is to review the main achievements regarding the exploration of the aging face phenomenon. It should be very important to know the evolution in this field due to the increase in life expectancy among the population. Our purpose is for the current study to serve as a starting point towards exploring novel research avenues in molecular biology and the confocal immunofluorescence of cervicofacial soft tissues, employing cutting-edge techniques. All changes in the shape of the facial skeleton, soft tissue, retaining ligaments, fat compartments, and the skin envelope contribute to facial aging to varying degrees. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article presents a comparative study on the effects of parathyroidectomy and parathyroid autotransplantation on calcium and parathyroid hormone (PTH) levels in patients. The study included 110 patients who underwent parathyroidectomy between 2014-2022. The data collected showed that both groups experienced hypocalcemia after surgery, but the reimplanted group had slightly lower calcium levels. Hypocalcemia resolved in all reimplanted patients after 6 months, while some non-implanted patients still had permanent hypocalcemia. The study also noted that women are more likely to have parathyroid gland pathology. However, the study acknowledges that the results may be influenced by other factors not considered in the study. [Extracted from the article]

This article, published in the Romanian Journal of Oral Rehabilitation, explores the characteristics of the superficial musculo-aponeurotic system (SMAS) in the oral region. The study involved dissecting and examining the oral region, using staining techniques to identify specific markers. The results revealed that the SMAS has varying degrees of mobility, with the central portion being the most mobile. The study also highlighted differences in the density, distribution, and location of blood vessels in different areas of the face. These findings have implications for SMAS surgery and surgical techniques in perioral surgery and face lifting. The document provides detailed information on the anatomical structures and surgical implications of the SMAS, emphasizing the importance of understanding its anatomy for successful surgical procedures. It also discusses the presence of the SMAS in the oral region and its role in maintaining stability, functionality, and aesthetics. The document includes anatomical illustrations and references to previous studies on the topic. [Extracted from the article]

The article explores the relationship between osteoporosis, cardiovascular disease, and dental health. It discusses a study that used CT scans to assess bone quality and found that all patients with osteoporosis had high blood pressure and other associated pathologies. The article suggests that CT imaging could be a useful method for identifying patients at risk for osteoporosis and related cardiovascular issues. It also discusses the role of blood vessels in bone functions and remodeling, highlighting their therapeutic potential. The document contains a list of references related to the association between bone mineral density and cardiovascular disease, providing a comprehensive overview of current research in this field. [Extracted from the article]

This article discusses the challenges and considerations involved in providing dental and cervicofacial surgery for patients with haemophilia. It emphasizes the importance of collaboration between haematologists and oral surgeons due to the potential for excessive bleeding during oral surgery. The article describes successful treatment protocols using systemic treatment, antifibrinolytic agents, and local haemostatic measures. It also highlights the importance of personalized assessment and preventive therapy for haemophilia patients undergoing dental treatment, as well as the need for regular dental care and good oral hygiene practices. The study reviewed the medical histories of five haemophilia A patients who underwent dental extractions with supplementation of coagulation factors and other treatments. The article concludes by emphasizing the importance of cautious and minimally traumatic surgical techniques in dental procedures for haemophilia patients. [Extracted from the article]

This article explores the development and diagnosis of Moebius Syndrome (MBS), a condition that affects the facial muscles and can result in facial malformations. The study examines the histologic and histopathological aspects of facial development in relation to MBS, using clinical examination and genetic tests for diagnosis. The findings suggest that the layering of the face is formed early in development and is influenced by genetic, endocrine, and environmental factors. However, the study acknowledges its limitations and calls for further research and collaboration in this field. [Extracted from the article]

Nowadays, osteoporosis is the most common bone disease globally, with an increased incidence of fractures osteoporosis-related. Predisposing factors such as anatomical abnormalities of the hip, certain occupations family history, obesity, and genetic factors, manage to create a chain of interactions which led finally to osteoarthritis and osteoporosis. Material and methods: In this retrospective study we aimed to summarize the current literature by analysis of data from the largest database (PubMed, ScienceDirect, Elsevier, Wiley, ProQuest, Web of Science) including retrospective, cohort, and multicentric studies based on keywords (pelvic asymmetry, the etiopathogenesis of osteoporosis, more common pelvic pathology; hip dysplasia, femoroacetabular impin gement, osteoarthritis of the hip). Finally, only 39 studies that met the mentioned criteria were included in the final analysis. Results: Worldwide, up to 5 % of newborns are diagnosed with unstable hips, while in 10% of cases they require specific non-surgical. Also, the risk of dysplasia of the hip (DDH) is greater in the female gender (5-fold higher) affecting 19/1.000 girls vs. 4.1/1.000 boys. Regarding femoroacetabular impingement (FAI), this condition affects 54.4/100.000 person-years in the general population, with an increasing incidence over the years from 40.3/100.000 person-years (2000-2004) to 72.6/100.000 person-years (2010-2016). Moreover, parallel with the increasing cases of DDH and FAI, rising osteoarthritis of the hip incidence and also of osteoarthritis-related complications are present in recent years affecting approximately 9.2% of subjects over the age of 45 years. Conclusions: The etiopathogenic chain appears to be pelvic asymmetry (caused by one of the above or post-traumatic causes) - osteoarthritis - osteoporosis. Further studies should be performed aiming at the early detection and rehabilitation of pelvic symmetry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Age related changes of the phonatory apparatus determine anatomo-histoclinical modifications and consequent to their manifestations, phonatory or respiratory functional disorders corresponding to the pathological process, computed tomography (CT) examination. The changes that the phonatory organs undergo as they age change the local anatomy and can pose special problems in performing anesthesia and intensive care maneuvers. The working methodology is to search for the reflection of the presbyopia problems treated in "last minute" specialized studies, which in this case "translates" into specialized studies in anatomy, studies that treat imaging explorations and clinical and pathological studies on the phenomena. The most common changes in the voice, as we age, are higher or lower pitch voice, reduced volume and amplitude of the voice, reduced phonetic endurance, tremor or shakiness in the voice, reduced hearing ability. In the same time phonatory trauma after oro-tracheal intubation are more common in the elderly population. The changes that the phonatory organs undergo as they age change the local anatomy and can pose special problems in performing anesthesia and intensive care maneuvers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The existence of a cervical musculo-apneurotic system (SMAS) is known and used in modern surgical practice. There are uncertainties in diffrent aspects regarding the morphology and functional anatomy of cervical SMAS. Our study, conducted on 12 anatomical specimens and 10 patients provides data about this anatomical entity and its extensions at the face. The microscopic analysis of the cervical SMAS shows similarities to those of the facial regions, especially because the two structures have a common embryonic origin. The direct applicability of the results in cer vical rejuvenation surgery compels us to continue to study this particular anatomical structure. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Primary renal leiomyoma was confirmed as a rare benign tumor formed by smooth muscle fibers and usually asymptomatic. Purpose: to describe a subcapsular cortical renal leiomyoma with probable vascular origin. Materials and methods: case report of a patient with pain in the left flank with imaging exploration (ultrasonoangiography, abdominal CT and MRI) and microscopic and immunohistochemically postoperatively evaluation. Results: a well-defined solid nodular tumor of about 40mmx50mmx45mm was observed in the upper polar renal cortex, beneath the renal capsule. The tumor mass was poorly vascularized, non-invasive and of benign aspect, hypoechogenic and isodense with renal cortex, with hypo intense heterogeneous signal in T2-weighted image, with fibrous/muscular aspect, and central hypodense area (potential necrosis). Histopathology (fusiform bundled smooth muscle cells) and immunohistochemistry of the tumor cells (positive to actin and negative to MB45) supported the diagnosis of renal leiomyoma. Postoperative evolution was normal at 3 months with no recurrence. Conclusions: Histopathology results confirmed the vascular origin for subscapular leiomyoma. Intratumoral necrosis is associated to degenerative lesions of the muscle fibers. The present tumor mass had an absolute surgical indication. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the last 20 years, research efforts have been concentrated on the development of bio artificial organs to overcome the limitation of artificial prostheses. In bio artificial organs, artificial devices are coupled with living cells capable of performing most or all of the biomechanical or metabolic function of a complex organ. In therapeutic treatments, bio artificial organs are connected to, or implanted into, the body of diseased patients and are expected to replace or assist a failing or malfunctioning organ temporarily until a compatible transplantation organ is available and the natural organ (and the patient) heals. So, failure of the vital organs leads to death unless a replacement is found. Use of transplants has the disadvantage of a limited supply and problems with immunorejection. Immunosuppressant drugs are administered to counter this but they have to be taken for life, are expensive and have potential serious side effects. 'Off-the-shelf' replacement organs offer many advantages, e.g. surgical procedures are quicker, waiting list can be cut and health services can save money. Already, researchers are developing bioartificial organs that can keep patients with serious organ failure alive and functioning for years. Currently American companies provide patients with a full-functioning artificial heart 'TAT'. The manufactured heart replaces both failing ventricles and all four heart valves and eliminates the need for pacemakers and defibrillators. The longest a patient has been supported with a TAT is nearly four years before receiving a successful transplant. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Surgical approach of the mediastinum raise major issues related to the choice of a suitable approach roads for pathology in question and the prevention of accidents and incidents during surgery. With the evolution of modern techniques in thoracic surgery it has been introduced the concept of minimally invasive approach through coelioscopy. Also, the likelihood of anatomical variations and / or birth defects of mediastinal organs can embarrass even the most experienced surgeons. Thus, knowledge of classical anatomy of the mediastinum and thoracic cavity wall and the most common birth defects is obligatory to link up with new interventional techniques. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Distal colon is often presented as the site of specific tumors and because of that many studies are directed to the investigation of it, both macroscopically and microscopically. Our study aims to highlight the changes that occur on distal colon, within a group of pacients detected with tumor lesions at its level, insisting on the difficulties regarding certain diagnostic. They specifically sought the changes of the colon normal structure using colonoscopy and anatomic pathology examination, in both benigne and malignant and the common features that can link them. Colonoscopy is currently the "gold standard" technique in terms of screening, diagnosis and prevention due to high sensitivity and specificity. It is used both as a diagnostic technique by allowing visualization of the entire colon, it can be used to discover any suspicious lesions and is also used for treatment by resecting them. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In recent years has grown the need to address the management of colorectal cancer from a multidisciplinary perspective, and this is mainly due to fast advancement of medical imaging technology. Objectives of this research will be to evaluate the role of paraclinical and imagistic examination in early diagnosis and prognosis of colorectal tumors. We will focus on vascular colorectal arrangement and neoangiogenesis processes in middle rectal carcinoma, in order to identify some aspects that can represent the basis of treatments which can stop this process, and also tumor development. Study was performed on a group of 10 patients diagnosed with middle rectal cancer at the Military Hospital "Iacob Czihac" Iasi. Patients were imagistic investigated and then we compared the results with intraoperative exploration, with the study of the resection specimens and pathologic examination results. In the studied cases was observed how tumor vascular involvement proportionally increases with the degree of local invasion, so in advanced stage it can be seen dilatated stasis veins, inside the mezorectum and also the infiltration of mesorectal limph nodes. Anterior location of these middle rectal tumors gives them the possibility to early invade the vagina in women or the bladder, prostate and seminal vesicles in men. On the other side, laterorectal situation is the most aggresive one, because here there are major blood vessels. Rectal cancer prognosis depends mainly on tumor stage and the quality of circumferential resection margins, involving here mesorectal state. Malignant pathology significantly alter colorectal vascular arhitecture, neoangiogeneseis having response in distance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Face has a major social role, as an interface between individual and enviroment. It's appearance varies with age, due to inherent biological changes. Superficial facial structures can prolab with age or in pathological conditions (traumatic, infectuos, tumors). Superficial fascia, muscles of facial expression and the skin are anchored to the deep layers by different mechanisms. At the cheeks these mechanisms are represented by jugal fat pad and attachments of superficial layers to the nearby support structures. The study was conducted on 12 hemicraniums and mesoscopic images have been captured with an operator microscope. Tissue samples have been prelevated by sectioning the tissues perpendicular on the skin. The latter have been special stained for highlightning conjunctive and muscular fibres. Final results show the presence at this level of a truely superficial musculoaponeurotical system, with private provision. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Colorectal malignant pathology substantially changes vascular architecture, neoangiogenessis having distance implications. In descending order of frequency, three histological forms of cancer affects rectum: adenocarcinoma, mucoid or colloid carcinoma and anaplastic carcinoma cell with high degree of indifference cell. The study included a group of 24 patients diagnosed with colorectal cancer who were evaluated at the Laboratory of Pathology imunohostochimic and morgue of Military Emergency Hospital "Dr. Jacob Czihac" Iaşi. We quantified microvascular density in the area of active angiogenesis, assessing the sensitivity and specificity of the endothelial marker CD34. CD34 immunohistochemical examination of stained sections showed that vessels are present in the tumor stromal tissue without notice any reaction with tumor cells. The quantification of tumoral angiogenesis can allow the division of patients according to the type of treatment and can also permit the management selection in the long run for the individuals with low tumoral microvascular density. Seriate determination of protein CD34 every 6 months can play the part of a cancer progression or regression marker and stands for a new tool in assessing the prognosis of these tumors. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Surgery is the election treatment for colorectal carcinomas. Early cancers could be treated only surgically. For advanced lesions oncologic treatment in needed to increase living. Surgeon must take care about some critical factors: morbidity, preservation of anal sphincter and local recurrence. Local recurrence influences mostly the evolution of patients after surgery. They could be anastomotical, regarding lymphatic pelvic nodes or even in the same place. 18-20% of them appear in the first 2 years but the dates can vary between different surgical centers. They also could appear at a farther distance of time, for example: metastasies, peritoneal, parietal. In these particular cases statistics show a recurancy between 3 and 32% within 5 years regarding those who sufered radical curative surgery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]