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3 results on '"Guillaume Gingras"'

1. Mathematical Modeling of the Transmission Dynamics of Clostridium difficile Infection and Colonization in Healthcare Settings: A Systematic Review.

Author

Guillaume Gingras, Marie-Hélène Guertin, Jean-François Laprise, Mélanie Drolet, and Marc Brisson

Subjects
Medicine, Science
Abstract

We conducted a systematic review of mathematical models of transmission dynamic of Clostridium difficile infection (CDI) in healthcare settings, to provide an overview of existing models and their assessment of different CDI control strategies.We searched MEDLINE, EMBASE and Web of Science up to February 3, 2016 for transmission-dynamic models of Clostridium difficile in healthcare settings. The models were compared based on their natural history representation of Clostridium difficile, which could include health states (S-E-A-I-R-D: Susceptible-Exposed-Asymptomatic-Infectious-Resistant-Deceased) and the possibility to include healthcare workers and visitors (vectors of transmission). Effectiveness of interventions was compared using the relative reduction (compared to no intervention or current practice) in outcomes such as incidence of colonization, CDI, CDI recurrence, CDI mortality, and length of stay.Nine studies describing six different models met the inclusion criteria. Over time, the models have generally increased in complexity in terms of natural history and transmission dynamics and number/complexity of interventions/bundles of interventions examined. The models were categorized into four groups with respect to their natural history representation: S-A-I-R, S-E-A-I, S-A-I, and S-E-A-I-R-D. Seven studies examined the impact of CDI control strategies. Interventions aimed at controlling the transmission, lowering CDI vulnerability and reducing the risk of recurrence/mortality were predicted to reduce CDI incidence by 3-49%, 5-43% and 5-29%, respectively. Bundles of interventions were predicted to reduce CDI incidence by 14-84%.Although CDI is a major public health problem, there are very few published transmission-dynamic models of Clostridium difficile. Published models vary substantially in the interventions examined, the outcome measures used and the representation of the natural history of Clostridium difficile, which make it difficult to synthesize results and provide a clear picture of optimal intervention strategies. Future modeling efforts should pay specific attention to calibration, structural uncertainties, and transparent reporting practices.

Published
2016
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2. IoT Ambient Assisted Living: Scalable Analytics Architecture and Flexible Process

Author

Mehdi Adda, Abdenour Bouzouane, Guillaume Gingras, Hussein Ibrahim, and Clémence Dallaire

Subjects
Flexibility (engineering), Activities of daily living, business.industry, Computer science, Process (engineering), 020206 networking & telecommunications, Cloud computing, 02 engineering and technology, Task (project management), Human–computer interaction, Analytics, Scalability, 0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering, General Earth and Planetary Sciences, 020201 artificial intelligence & image processing, Architecture, business, Internet of Things, General Environmental Science
Abstract

With the recent advances in IoT, Ambient Assisted Living (AAL) became an active field that attempts to assist individuals in their Activities of Daily Living (ADL). One researched venue deriving from these advances is how the technology and analytics could benefit the prevention and treatment of chronic diseases in the escalating number of elderly people experiencing health issues. Many architectures are proposed in the literature, but they lack modularity and flexibility for different types of sensors and do not have a way of selecting the appropriate algorithms to perform a given task. In this paper, we propose a four layered and highly modular architecture for health analytics of elderly people. Moreover, we propose a novel automated process for selecting the appropriate algorithms for a task at hand. In the final analysis, we evaluate the approach by implementing part of the architecture on fog nodes and the cloud. Finally, we deploy affordable consumer grade sensors in an apartment in order to move toward the use of the system proposed.

Published
2020
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3. Infrared pulse characterization using four-wave mixing inside a few cycle pulse filament in air

Author

C. Marceau, B. Witzel, Yacine Kassimi, Guillaume Gingras, and Steven Thomas

Subjects
Femtosecond pulse shaping, Physics and Astronomy (miscellaneous), business.industry, Chemistry, Phase (waves), Laser, 7. Clean energy, law.invention, Pulse (physics), Four-wave mixing, Optics, Multiphoton intrapulse interference phase scan, law, Optoelectronics, business, Ultrashort pulse, Bandwidth-limited pulse
Abstract

We demonstrate a four-wave mixing (FWM) technique to measure near- and mid-infrared (IR) laser pulse shapes in time domain. Few cycle 800 nm laser pulses were synchronized with the IR pulse and focused colinearly to generate a plasma filament in air. Second harmonic radiation around 400 nm was generated through FWM, with a yield proportional to the IR pulse intensity. Excellent signal to noise ratio was observed from 2.1 μm to 18 μm. With proper phase stabilization of the IR beam, this technique is a promising step toward direct electric field sensing of near-IR pulses in air.

Published
2014
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