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Background The key task in China's medical and health field during the "14th Five-Year Plan" period is to realize treatment-prevention integration and innovate the mechanism of treatment-prevention integration. Objective This paper analyzes the implementation mechanism of treatment-prevention integration under the background of integrated service system construction, and provides reference for exploring the path of medical and prevention integration adapting to the strategy of "Healthy China". Methods Taking 2018 as the time node, relevant literature was searched on CNKI and Wanfang Data Knowledge Service Platform with keywords of "treatment-prevention integration" "medical and prevention coordination" "combination of prevention and treatment" and literatures on case policies, measures and implementation effects of integrated service systems such as medical alliance. Finally, 18 literatures and 15 cases were selected. Based on the rainbow model, system integration, organizational integration, professional integration, service integration, functional integration and normative integration were determined as condition variables from macro, meso and micro levels and supporting factors, and the effect of treatment-prevention integration was determined as result variable. QCA was adopted to explore the implementation mechanism of medical and preventive integration under the background of integrated service system construction. Results There were four configuration paths that could effectively improve the effect of treatment-prevention integration, and the four paths were in line with the multi-layer integrated path and the medium-micro integrated path respectively. The following results were obtained: (1) It was more effective to carry out treatment-prevention integration relying on the integrated service system, and there are multiple paths that can effectively improve the effect of treatment-prevention integration under the integrated service system; (2) Service integration plays a fundamental role in improving the effect of medical and preventive integration; (3) The setting of relevant policy indicators for improving the system integration, professional integration and functional integration of treatment-prevention integration is not perfect. Conclusion (1) Relying on the construction of integrated service system to promote the improvement of treatment-prevention integration effect; (2) Give full play to the basic guarantee role of service integration; (3) Make reference to the successful experience of multi-level integration cases, set policy indicators at macro, meso and micro levels in a balanced manner, and improve the integration of system integration, professional integration and supporting elements.

We aimed to analyze the correlations of the expressions of Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and Janus kinase 3 (JAK3) in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) with T helper 17 cell (Th17)/regulatory T cell (Treg) imbalance in patients with ankylosing spondylitis (AS).

The evolutionary development and phylogenetic division between Asian and African cercopithecoids (Cercopithecidae) have attracted significant attention in genetics, molecular biology, behavior, and morphology. However, less emphasis has been placed on how they have evolved morphologically after divergence, approximately 10 million years ago (mya) for Colobinae and 5–7 mya for Cercopithecinae, corresponding to the significant variation and diversity in landscape, climate, habitat, and ecologies between the two continents. This study examines whether such variation and diversity have been reflected in dental morphology. Our findings reveal substantial differences between Hylobatidae and Cercopithecidae, as well as between Colobinae and Cercopithecinae, indicating that size-adjusted dental variation mainly reveals the diversity associated with evolution and phylogenetic inertia. Interestingly, despite the earlier divergence of Afro-Asian colobines, their Euclidean Distance is comparable to that of Afro-Asian cercopithecines. This implies that latecomers (macaques) demonstrate equivalent diversity to colobines due to their extensive dispersion and broader adaptative radiation on the same continent. Colobinae exhibit more developed premolar and molar regions. However, when post-canine teeth are considered alone, Colobinae present a significantly larger molar size than Asian Cercopithecinae but not with the African Cercopihecinae. This contradicts the hypothesis that folivorous primates (Colobinae) have larger post-canine molars than frugivorous ones (Cercopithecinae). The considerable molar size in African Cercopithecinae must be associated with their more protrusive and larger facial structure rather than a specific dietary preference, being less diverse than their Asian counterparts—a trait that has evolved phylogenetically. This study also paves the way for further exploration of facial and cranial differences between the continental groups of Cercopithecinae and Colobinae, delving deeply into diversity variation due to geographical and climatic adaptations.

Object tracking is one of the most important problems in computer vision applications such as robotics, autonomous driving, and pedestrian movement. There has been a significant development in camera hardware where researchers are experimenting with the fusion of different sensors and developing image processing algorithms to track objects. Image processing and deep learning methods have significantly progressed in the last few decades. Different data association methods accompanied by image processing and deep learning are becoming crucial in object tracking tasks. The data requirement for deep learning methods has led to different public datasets that allow researchers to benchmark their methods. While there has been an improvement in object tracking methods, technology, and the availability of annotated object tracking datasets, there is still scope for improvement. This review contributes by systemically identifying different sensor equipment, datasets, methods, and applications, providing a taxonomy about the literature and the strengths and limitations of different approaches, thereby providing guidelines for selecting equipment, methods, and applications. Research questions and future scope to address the unresolved issues in the object tracking field are also presented with research direction guidelines.

Objective To evaluate effect of cervical COOK dilatation balloon on labor duration， pregnancy and neonatal outcomes in full-term primiparas with immature cervix based on propensity score matching （PSM）. Methods Full-term singleton primiparas with cervical immaturity （Bishop score ≤6） and head position were recruited in this clinical trial. PSM was used to analyze the effect of balloon group and non-balloon group on the labor duration， pregnancy and neonatal outcomes of full-term primiparas with immature cervix. Results A total of 150 full-term primiparas with immature cervix were enrolled， and 55 pairs were successfully matched by PSM. There were no significant differences in the second and third stages of labor， mode of delivery， cervical laceration， intrauterine infection， intrapartum fever， fetal distress， neonatal asphyxia， 24-h postpartum blood loss， neonatal Apgar score at 1-min and neonatal cord blood pH between two groups after PSM （all P > 0.05）. The first stage of labor and the total stage of labor in balloon group were significantly shorter than those in non-balloon group （both P < 0.05）. The neonatal birth weight in non-balloon group was significantly heavier than that in balloon group （P < 0.05）. Conclusion The disposable cervical COOK balloon dilator can significantly shorten the labor duration， does not increase the risk of adverse pregnancy outcome in full-term pregnancy with immature cervix， which yields high safety.

Simple Summary: Increased reproductive performance in modern high-yielding sows often results in inadequate energy intake. Many recent studies have focused on the improvement of sow energy intake through the addition of different dietary energy source, but there have few studies on dietary energy concentration based on the net energy system. Our results suggest that increasing the dietary energy concentration can increase immunological substances in milk and improve milk quality and body health in primiparous lactating sows. This study aimed to determine the optimal dietary net energy concentration for the reproductive performance, immune function, milk composition, and gut microbiota of primiparous sows during lactation. Forty primiparous lactating sows (Landrace × Yorkshire) with similar body backfat thicknesses were randomly allocated into five treatment groups and fed diets with different dietary net energy concentrations of 10.05 MJ/kg, 10.47 MJ/kg, 10.89 MJ/kg, 11.30 MJ/kg, and 11.72 MJ/kg. The results showed that there were no differences in the performance of piglets, while there was a decrease in the daily feed intake of sows (p = 0.079, linear) as dietary net energy concentration increased. With the increasing dietary net energy concentration, the plasma insulin levels of sows increased (p < 0.01, linear), the plasma glucose levels tended to increase (p = 0.074, linear), and the blood urea nitrogen levels tended to decrease (p = 0.063, linear). Moreover, the plasma total superoxide dismutase activity of sows increased (p < 0.05, quadratic) and the plasma malondialdehyde content of sows decreased (p < 0.05, quadratic) by increasing the dietary net energy concentration. Interestingly, with the increase in dietary net energy concentration, the plasma immunoglobulin M content of sows increased, the milk immunoglobulin M, immunoglobulin G, immunoglobulin A and the percentage of milk fat increased (p < 0.05, linear), and the milk secretory immunoglobulin A content also increased (p < 0.05, linear and quadratic). The milk immunoglobulins and milk fat content of sows fed with net energy concentration of 11.72 MJ/kg were highest. Moreover, there were significant differences in the α-diversity, β-diversity, and relative abundance of gut microbiota in sows fed with different dietary net energy concentrations. At the phylum level, Spirochaetota and Bacteroidota in the gut microbiota of sows were mainly affected by increasing the dietary net energy concentration. Furthermore, the correlation analysis showed that milk immunoglobulin content had a significant negative correlation with the relative abundance of Bacteroidota, and plasma malondialdehyde content also had a significant negative correlation with the relative abundance of Spirochaetota. In summary, these results suggest that increasing the dietary net energy concentration to 11.72 MJ/kg can increase immunological substances in milk, improve milk quality, and alter the composition of gut microbiota in primiparous lactating sows. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Iodine deficiency is a well-established cause of goiter, while the impact of lifestyle factors on goiter development remains underexplored. The study aims to explore the associations between iodine status, lifestyle factors, and the prevalence of goiter among children and adolescents in Zhejiang Province, China. Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted in 2022 using a stratified multistage sampling, involving 2261 children aged 6–17. Among these 1562 participants underwent both urinalysis and thyroid ultrasound. Lifestyle factors were assessed through self-reported questionnaires. Results: The prevalence of goiter in the study population was 10.8%. A high urinary iodine concentration (UIC) (>300 μg/L) was significantly associated with a decreased risk of goiter (OR = 0.49, 95%CI: 0.27–0.88). Excessive recreational screen time and a high frequency of dining out were associated with an increased Tvol, while adequate physical activity and sleep were inversely associated with goiter risk, while the combined effect of high UIC and healthy lifestyle showed a protective effect against goiter. Conclusion: Ensuring adequate iodine status and promoting healthy lifestyles are crucial for preventing goiter and enhancing thyroid health in children and adolescents, suggesting that public health strategies should integrate nutritional and lifestyle interventions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Technologies that fall under the umbrella of Industry 4.0 can be classified into one of its four significant components: cyber-physical systems, the internet of things (IoT), on-demand availability of computer system resources, and cognitive computing. The success of this industrial revolution lies in how well these components can communicate with each other, and work together in finding the most optimised solution for an assigned task. It is achieved by sharing data collected from a network of sensors. This data is communicated via images, videos, and a variety of other signals, attracting unwanted attention of hackers. The protection of such data is therefore pivotal, as is maintaining its integrity. To this end, this paper proposes a novel image watermarking scheme with potential applications in Industry 4.0. The strategy presented is multipurpose; one such purpose is authenticating the transmitted image, another is curtailing the illegal distribution of the image by providing copyright protection. To this end, two new watermarking methods are introduced, one of which is for embedding the robust watermark, and the other is related to the fragile watermark. The robust watermark’s embedding is achieved in the frequency domain, wherein the frequency coefficients are selected using a novel mean-based coefficient selection procedure. Subsequently, the selected coefficients are manipulated in equal proportion to embed the robust watermark. The fragile watermark’s embedding is achieved in the spatial domain, wherein self-generated fragile watermark(s) is embedded by directly altering the pixel bits of the host image. The effective combination of two domains results in a hybrid scheme and attains the vital balance between the watermarking requirements of imperceptibility, security and capacity. Moreover, in the case of tampering, the proposed scheme not only authenticates and provides copyright protection to images but can also detect tampering and localise the tampered regions. An extensive evaluation of the proposed scheme on typical images has proven its superiority over existing state-of-the-art methods.

Abstract In 2010, Huang and Liu introduced a useful parameter called the generalized μ-scrambling indices of a primitive digraph. In this paper, we give some bounds for μ-scrambling indices of some primitive digraphs with d loops and the digraphs attained the sharp upper bounds are provided.

Background: This study evaluates the association between vitamin A levels, AIP (the atherogenic index of plasma), and subclinical hypothyroidism. Methods: A cross-sectional analysis was conducted involving a representative sample of 3530 Chinese adults. Linear and logistic regression models were utilized to evaluate the associations between AIP and subclinical hypothyroidism, stratified by vitamin A levels. These analyses were further differentiated by sex and age groups to identify any demographic-specific associations. Results: In the vitamin A-sufficient group, an increase in AIP was associated with elevated total triiodothyronine (TT3) levels (β = 0.26, 95%CI: 0.09, 0.41, p = 0.003). Conversely, in the group with severe vitamin A deficiency, higher AIP levels were linked to increased free triiodothyronine (fT3) and TT3 levels and decreased free thyroxine (fT4) levels (β = 0.12, 0.03, and −0.29, respectively). Additionally, severe vitamin A deficiency increased the risk associated with AIP and subclinical hypothyroidism (OR = 1.66, 95%CI: 1.07, 2.58, p = 0.025). This risk was notably more pronounced in women and older adults, with odds ratios of 2.44 (95%CI: 1.55, 3.86, p < 0.001) and 2.14 (95%CI: 1.36, 3.38, p = 0.001), respectively. Conclusions: Vitamin A deficiency may increase the risk of the association between AIP and subclinical hypothyroidism, particularly among women and the elderly. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background. Elevated red blood cell distribution width (RDW) levels are strongly associated with an increased risk of mortality in patients with congestive heart failure (CHF). Additionally, heart failure has been closely linked to diabetes. Nevertheless, the relationship between RDW and in‐hospital mortality in the intensive care unit (ICU) among patients with both congestive heart failure (CHF) and diabetes mellitus (DM) remains uncertain. Methods. This retrospective study utilized data from the Medical Information Mart for Intensive Care IV (MIMIC‐IV) database, a comprehensive critical care repository. RDW was assessed as both continuous and categorical variables. The primary outcome of the study was in‐hospital mortality at the time of hospital discharge. We examined the association between RDW on ICU admission and in‐hospital mortality using multivariable logistic regression models, restricted cubic spline analysis, and subgroup analysis. Results. The cohort consisted of 7,063 patients with both DM and CHF (3,135 females and 3,928 males). After adjusting for potential confounders, we found an association between a 9% increase in mortality rate and a 1 g/L increase in RDW level (OR = 1.09; 95% CI, 1.05∼1.13), which was associated with 11 and 58% increases in mortality rates in Q2 (OR = 1.11, 95% CI: 0.87∼1.43) and Q3 (OR = 1.58, 95% CI: 1.22∼2.04), respectively, compared with that in Q1. Moreover, we observed a significant linear association between RDW and in‐hospital mortality, along with strong stratified analyses to support the findings. Conclusions. Our findings establish a positive association between RDW and in‐hospital mortality in patients with DM and CHF. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The movement of glaciers plays a crucial role in environmental and geological processes, significantly influencing the formation and dynamics of ice bodies. This study leverages feature tracking technology to analyze optical and Synthetic Aperture Radar (SAR) remote sensing imagery, specifically GF-1 optical images and GF-3, Sentinel-1 SAR images, captured during the 2020 to 2021 ablation season in Gongar. The aim was to quantify glacier surface velocities and to evaluate the comparative effectiveness of different remote sensing modalities in capturing these dynamics. Our findings indicate a strong consistency in the spatial distribution of glacier surface velocities derived from diverse remote sensing data sources, with high-precision optical imagery (GF-1) yielding the most accurate velocity measurements, followed by Sentinel-1 SAR data. Notably, large glaciers in Gongar exhibited rapid movements, with an average velocity of 0.16 m/d, primarily at elevations between 4,500 and 6,500 m. The fastest velocities were recorded at approximately 4,500 m elevation. Glaciers with inclines ranging from 10° to 60° displayed the highest velocities within the 20°-30° slope range. It was observed that glaciers on the southeast slope moved faster, exhibiting the highest average surface velocity, in contrast to those on the west slope, which moved more slowly. The surface velocity of the ice tongue region of Krayaylak Glacier that the largest glacier in Pamir, was observed to be lower than 0.6 m/d, indicating a slow movement speed. The study also reveals that the effectiveness of different remote sensing data in detecting glacier velocity in Gongar, with high-resolution data more accurately capturing surface velocities in melting areas or those with slower movement. This study underscores the importance of multi-source remote sensing data in understanding glacier dynamics and contributes valuable insights into the mechanisms driving glacier movements. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Application of radio frequency (RF) treatment has been studied for disinfesting agricultural products, and RF heating non-uniformity has been demonstrated to directly influence pest mortality in treated products. The purpose of this study was to investigate the combined effects of holding time after conveyor movement, layer rearrangement, and sample mixing on the mortality of Rhyzopertha dominica (R. dominica) in milled rice treated with hot air-assisted RF heating. Results showed that hot-air assistance during the process of RF heating can lead to a rapid temperature rise and improve the temperature distribution. RF heating followed by holding samples in hot air for specific time periods effectively improved the heating uniformity of samples and raised the mortality of R. dominica in milled rice. Compared with the stationary conditions, conveyor movement, layer rearrangement, and sample mixing improved the hot air-assisted RF heating uniformity of the sample, raised pest mortality and reduced the thermal holding time after RF treatment required to achieve 100% pest mortality in milled rice. The findings of this study provide a valuable proof of concept for improving RF heating uniformity and optimizing parameters in RF disinfestation protocols for milled rice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Liver cancer is typified by a complex inflammatory tumor microenvironment, where an array of cytokines and stromal cells orchestrate a milieu that significantly influences tumorigenesis. Interleukin‐17A (IL‐17A), a pivotal pro‐inflammatory cytokine predominantly secreted by Th17 cells, is known to play a substantial role in the etiology and progression of liver cancer. However, the precise mechanism by which IL‐17A engages with hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) to facilitate the development of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) remains to be fully elucidated. This investigation seeks to unravel the interplay between IL‐17A and HSCs in the context of HCC. Methods: An HCC model was established in male Sprague–Dawley rats using diethylnitrosamine to explore the roles of IL‐17A and HSCs in HCC pathogenesis. In vivo overexpression of Il17a was achieved using adeno‐associated virus. A suite of molecular techniques, including RT‐qPCR, enzyme‐linked immunosorbent assays, Western blotting, cell counting kit‐8 assays and colony formation assays, was employed for in vitro analyses. Results: The study findings indicate that IL‐17A is a key mediator in HCC promotion, primarily through the activation of hepatic progenitor cells (HPCs). This pro‐tumorigenic influence appears to be mediated by HSCs, rather than through a direct effect on HPCs. Notably, IL‐17A‐induced expression of fibroblast activation protein (FAP) in HSCs emerged as a critical factor in HCC progression. Silencing Fap in IL‐17A‐stimulated HSCs was observed to reverse the HCC‐promoting effects of HSCs. Conclusions: The collective evidence from this study implicates the IL‐17A/FAP signaling axis within HSCs as a contributor to HCC development by enhancing HPC activation. These findings bolster the potential of IL‐17A as a diagnostic and preventative target for HCC, offering new avenues for therapeutic intervention. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]