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Background The health needs of those under probation are likely high, but they have received very little public health attention. Limited evidence exists on the public health needs and interventions to support this cohort. Methods Surveys were completed by 257 people on probation as part of a local health needs assessment. Results were compared with the general population responses from the National Survey for Wales (2021–22). Results People on probation were 4.2 times more likely to self-report not-good general health (fair, bad or very bad) than the general population (adjusted Odds Ratio [aOR] 4.2, 95% Confidence Intervals [CI] 3.2–5.4). The odds of having a mental health condition were over eight times higher than the general population (aOR 8.8, 95% CI 6.8–11.4). Prevalence of smoking (52%), drug use (60%), attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (21%), autism (4%) and dyslexia (15%) were all higher than the general population. General Practitioner usage and hospital stays were higher, but dentist or optician usage lower than the general population (P  < 0.05). Emergency departments were accessed by 35%, with 9% frequenting them three or more times. Conclusions People on probation have poorer self-reported health, higher prevalence of unhealthy behaviours and higher accessing of reactive health services than the general population. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Many technologically useful magnetic oxides are ferrimagnetic insulators, which consist of chemically distinct cations. Here, we examine the spin dynamics of different magnetic cations in ferrimagnetic NiZnAl-ferrite (Ni0.65Zn0.35Al0.8Fe1.2O4) under continuous microwave excitation. Specifically, we employ time-resolved x-ray ferromagnetic resonance to separately probe Fe2+/3+ and Ni2+ cations on different sublattice sites. Our results show that the precessing cation moments retain a rigid, collinear configuration to within ≈ 2°. Moreover, the effective spin relaxation is identical to within <10% for all magnetic cations in the ferrite. Thus, we validate the oft-assumed "ferromagnetic-like" dynamics in the resonantly driven ferrimagnetic oxide: the magnetic moments from different cations precess as a coherent, collective magnetization, despite the high contents of nonmagnetic Zn2+ and Al3+ diluting the exchange interactions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An increase in adiposity is associated with altered levels of biologically active proteins. These include the hormones adiponectin and leptin. The marked change in circulating concentrations of these hormones in obesity has been associated with the development of insulin resistance and metabolic syndrome. Variations in dietary lipid consumption have also been shown to impact obesity. Specifically, omega-3 fatty acids have been correlated with the prevention of obesity and subsequent development of chronic disease sequalae. This review explores animal and human data relating to the effects of omega-3 fatty acids (marine lipids) on adiponectin and leptin, considering plausible mechanisms and potential implications for obesity management. Current evidence suggests a positive, dose-dependent relationship between omega-3 fatty acid intake and circulating levels of adiponectin. In obese subjects, this may translate into a reduced risk of developing cardiovascular disease, metabolic syndrome and diabetes. In non-obese subjects, omega-3 is observed to decrease circulating levels of leptin; however, omega-3-associated increases in leptin levels have been observed in obese subjects. This may pose benefits in the prevention of weight regain in these subjects following calorie restriction. European Journal of Clinical Nutrition (2013) 67, 1234-1242; doi: 10.1038/ejcn.2013.197; published online 16 October 2013 Keywords: adiponectin; leptin; adipokines, INTRODUCTION Adipocytes produce a number of different proteins, known as adipokines, that have specific biological activities. (1,2) Adipose tissue can regulate energy homeostasis through the action of the secreted adipokines. [...]

The five member filters consisting of Pall Life Sciences Envirochek (EC) standard filtration, Envirochek high-volume (EC-HV) membrane filters, the Millipore flatbed membrane filter, Sartorius flatbed membrane filter (SMF) and Filta-Max (FM) depth filter were evaluated for studying their effectiveness in the recovery of Crytosporidium parvum oocysts and Giardia lamblia cysts. Results indicate that the Giardia lamblia cysts were recovered at a higher rate as compared to the Crytosporidium parvum oocysts.