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Esta sección monográfica recoge el análisis de varios testimonios literarios nacidos a partir de que el llamado «espíritu del capitalismo», usando el conocido término de Max Weber, entrase en la realidad socioeconómica de España. La suma de contribuciones quiere dar cuenta de las reacciones humanas ante este proceso de profunda transformación de la sociedad española a través de sus expresiones creativas. Para ello, compone un gran mosaico de miradas reales o inventadas hacia nuestro siglo XX y parte del XXI. Un andamiaje metodológico sólido acompaña las páginas de sus once artículos. Las líneas introductorias de las coordinadoras del volumen señalan que los significados de una obra literaria «están en un continuo proceso de negociación y cada uno de nosotros como lector puede a su vez interpretar el texto en función de sus experiencias, de su vivir social» (p. 218). De esta forma, argumentan que el análisis hermenéutico-semántico puede enriquecerse al incorporar «la relación de la cultura con la imaginación moral», permitiendo, «gracias a la presunción de pedagogía humanista que posee la literatura, hallar similitudes profundas entre la obra literaria y nuestra vida moral» (p. 219).

Este artículo pretende analizar el uso de fragmentos en los capítulos del libro Juan de Mairena. Sentencias, donaires, apuntes y recuerdos de un profesor apócrifo, escrito por Antonio machado y publicado en 1936. Nuestro método de análisis tiene un enfoque cuantitativo. Los análisis se han ampliado a los artículos publicados por Antonio Machado en los periódicos Hora de España y La Vanguardia. Los resultados de estos análisis se han interpretado conforme a los estudios sobre la producción del autor.

En la investigación, se realizó un estudio del comportamiento de las acciones de contraataque en el equipo de balonmano escolar masculino de Villa Clara. La investigación tuvo como objetivo diagnosticar el comportamiento de las acciones de contraataque realizados en los juegos de balonmano en la categoría escolar del equipo masculino de Villa Clara. Se estableció un análisis comparativo de los resultados internacionales en esa categoría con relación al estado actual del equipo objeto de estudio; se identificaron los valores bajos de eficacia en la ejecución de los contraataques durante los juegos. Se utilizaron diferentes métodos como la revisión bibliográfica en busca de antecedentes sobre el contraataquen en balonmano. La observación científica se realizó a 15 entrenamientos y juegos con el objetivo de identificar el tratamiento y la eficacia de los contraataques. Se aplicaron las encuestas y entrevistas a entrenadores y jugadores para constatar su preparación con respecto al contraataque. Se realizó el análisis de los documentos que guían el proceso de entrenamiento del balonmano. Como resultado se detectaron limitaciones para el desarrollo del contraataque en las orientaciones del Programa Integral de Preparación del Deportista, en el plan de entrenamiento y los procedimientos metodológicos de las unidades de clase. Además, se presentaron bajos valores de eficacia absoluta y relativa en los contraataques realizados en los diferentes juegos observados. Existió la necesidad de modificar la concepción de los procedimientos metodológicos relativos a la enseñanza del contraataque en el equipo escolar masculino de balonmano en Villa Clara.

Background: SmartAction-VR uses virtual reality to simulate daily life tasks and assess cognitive performance based on the multi-errand paradigm. This study explored whether this new task could provide insights into the executive functioning of children and adolescents with ADHD in their everyday activities. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted between November 2021 and December 2022. It consisted of one session and was divided into two parts (cognitive tests; and SmartAction-VR). The sample comprised 76 children and adolescents with a median age (IQR) of 13 (11–14) years and an age range of 9–17 years. Of these participants, 60.50% (n = 46) were males. Out of this sample, 40 participants were in the ADHD group and 36 were in the neurotypical group. The following instruments were used: Waisman Activities of Daily Living Scale, Assessment of Sensory Processing and Executive Functioning, Pediatric Simulator Disease Questionnaire, Digit span subtest, Stroop test, NEPSY-II Subtest of Auditory Attention and Cognitive Flexibility, Trail Making Test, Zoo Map Test, and SmartAction-VR. Results: The ADHD group demonstrated lower accuracy (U = 406, p = 0.010), higher values for total errors (U = 292, p = 0.001), more commissions (U = 417, p = 0.003), new actions (U = 470, p = 0.014), and forgetting actions (U = 406, p = 0.010), as well as fewer perseverations compared to the neurotypical group (U = 540.5, p = 0.029). Additionally, participants who forgot more actions were found to have lower independence in daily life (r = −0.281, p = 0.024). Conclusions: The correlations between the results of SmartAction-VR and activities of daily living, as well as cognitive tests, suggest that this new task could be useful for evaluating executive functioning in daily life. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract Background Benefits of breastfeeding on the health of children, mothers and society are well known. However, breastfeeding rates vary according to the population examined. Chinese-born women migrated to high-income countries have shown low breastfeeding rates. Nevertheless, studies comparing breastfeeding rates of Chinese-born immigrants and natives are scarce. The aims of this study were therefore: 1) to compare the rate of exclusive breastfeeding at hospital discharge after giving birth between Chinese-born women resident in Spain and native Spanish women, 2) to assess the influence of the biological, socioeconomic, work-related and cultural factors on exclusive breastfeeding in women of Chinese origin. Methods A cross-sectional descriptive study with between group comparisons. This study included 73 postpartum women (33 Chinese-born and 40 native Spanish women). The association between exclusive breastfeeding and the country of origin was assessed by binary logistic regression. Results Native Spanish women showed a greater prevalence of exclusive breastfeeding (80%) compared to Chinese born immigrant women (36.4%) (adjusted for socioeconomic status, parental level of education, age, cesareans and birth weight) (OR = 0.21; 95% CI 0.05–0.91; p = 0.037). However, in other models that considered both work and cultural influences, no differences were observed. Discussion The classic biological and socioeconomic variables (educational and socioeconomic levels) do not seem to explain the lower rates of exclusive breastfeeding among Chinese immigrant women. This paradigm of inequity appears to be based on both the work conditions as well as cultural characteristics of Chinese born women in Spain, such as their overall attitude towards breastfeeding.

Resumen: Introducción: La Organización Mundial de la Salud recomienda la educación interprofesional cuando estudiantes de 2 o más profesiones sanitarias aprenden juntos, para favorecer el desarrollo de las competencias interprofesionales que les van a permitir trabajar en equipo proporcionando la mejor asistencia sanitaria. En la Universidad Europea de Madrid existe un programa de educación interprofesional que trabaja las competencias de clarificación de roles, comunicación y autoridad, con estudiantes de diferentes titulaciones. Una de sus actividades es la de atención domiciliaria, en la que participan estudiantes de último curso de Medicina y de Enfermería. El objetivo de este estudio es analizar la percepción de los estudiantes que han participado en la actividad de atención domiciliaria durante el curso 2016-2017 en relación con las 3 competencias interprofesionales. Material y métodos: Estudio cualitativo descriptivo, de corte fenomenológico. Análisis de los fragmentos de texto de las reflexiones de los estudiantes acerca de la actividad de atención domiciliaria mediante el método de comparaciones constantes (codificación abierta y codificación axial). Resultados: Los estudiantes refieren que la actividad les ha ayudado a conocer mejor el rol y las tareas de los médicos y los enfermeros, de una forma diferente a las prácticas clínicas. En cuanto a la comunicación, la basan en el respeto y la confianza. Por último, en cuando a la autoridad, se decantan mayoritariamente por modelos democráticos y horizontales de toma de decisiones. Discusión: Los estudiantes perciben que la actividad resulta útil para el desarrollo de las 3 competencias interprofesionales, lo cual coincide con la literatura científica. Abstract: Introduction: The World Health Organization recommends implementing interprofessional education programs, where students from 2 or more health professions learn together, to improve interprofessional competency development that will help them to improve collaboration and the quality of care and services. At the Universidad Europea from Madrid there is a program on interprofessional education that develops the following competences: role, communication and authority, with students from several degrees. Home care is one of those activities, undertaken by students from the last years of medicine and nursing. The purpose of this research is to analyze the perception of the students about the interprofessional competences after taken the home care activity during the 2016-17 academic year. Material and methods: Phenomenological qualitative design. Student's written comments were analyzed using the constant comparative method (open and axial coding). Results: They got to know better the roles played by each other (doctors and nurses) thanks to the fact of working together. In relation to the way they communicate, they mentioned that adequate communication is based in respect and trust to each other. In relation to the different authority models, most of them tended to use and feel better in more horizontal and democratic ways of decision making. Discussion: Students reported that the activity is useful for improving their interprofessional competencies. It is coincident with other studies. Palabras clave: Educación interprofesional, Atención domiciliaria, Trabajo en equipo, Práctica colaborativa, Atención primaria, Competencias, Keywords: Interprofessional education, Home care, Team work, Collaborative practice, Primary health care, Competencies

BackgroundThe COVID-19 pandemic has hit almost all countries around the globe, seriously affecting the welfare of populations. Spain is especially hard-hit. In this context, the purpose of the present study is to analyze social, demographic, and economic correlates of mental health during the COVID-19 pandemic in the population residing in Spain.MethodThe sample of this cross-sectional study was comprised of 801 participants aged 18 or older and residing in Spain. Data collection was carried out during March and April 2020. Data of mental health (GHQ12) and well-being (Positive and Negative Affect Schedule) indicators, and those of a wide number of social, demographic, and economic variables were recorded. Linear regression models were built to value associations between mental health and social, demographic, and economic indicators.ResultsMental health morbidity was higher in women, younger people, individuals with medium studies, people with fewer children, singles, students, and unemployed individuals. Positive affect was higher among women, people with a high level of studies, those not co-living with dependent seniors, the self-employed, the employed, and those working outside home. Negative affect was negatively associated with age and number of children and was higher among women, people with basic studies, singles, individuals co-living with dependent seniors, homemakers, and students.ConclusionThe most vulnerable populations were found to be women, younger people, people with basic or medium studies, students and individuals with no remunerated activities, single populations, and those co-living with dependent seniors as well as those with a reduced number of children.

Objectives To compare the effectiveness of oral versus intramuscular (IM) vitamin B12 (VB12) in patients aged ≥65 years with VB12 deficiency.Design Pragmatic, randomised, non-inferiority, multicentre trial in 22 primary healthcare centres in Madrid (Spain).Participants 283 patients ≥65 years with VB12 deficiency were randomly assigned to oral (n=140) or IM (n=143) treatment arm.Interventions The IM arm received 1 mg VB12 on alternate days in weeks 1–2, 1 mg/week in weeks 3–8 and 1 mg/month in weeks 9–52. The oral arm received 1 mg/day in weeks 1–8 and 1 mg/week in weeks 9–52.Main outcomes Serum VB12 concentration normalisation (≥211 pg/mL) at 8, 26 and 52 weeks. Non-inferiority would be declared if the difference between arms is 10% or less. Secondary outcomes included symptoms, adverse events, adherence to treatment, quality of life, patient preferences and satisfaction.Results The follow-up period (52 weeks) was completed by 229 patients (80.9%). At week 8, the percentage of patients in each arm who achieved normal B12 levels was well above 90%; the differences in this percentage between the oral and IM arm were −0.7% (133 out of 135 vs 129 out of 130; 95% CI: −3.2 to 1.8; p>0.999) by per-protocol (PPT) analysis and 4.8% (133 out of 140 vs 129 out of 143; 95% CI: −1.3 to 10.9; p=0.124) by intention-to-treat (ITT) analysis. At week 52, the percentage of patients who achieved normal B12 levels was 73.6% in the oral arm and 80.4% in the IM arm; these differences were −6.3% (103 out of 112 vs 115 out of 117; 95% CI: −11.9 to −0.1; p=0.025) and −6.8% (103 out of 140 vs 115 out of 143; 95% CI: −16.6 to 2.9; p=0.171), respectively. Factors affecting the success rate at week 52 were age, OR=0.95 (95% CI: 0.91 to 0.99) and having reached VB12 levels ≥281 pg/mL at week 8, OR=8.1 (95% CI: 2.4 to 27.3). Under a Bayesian framework, non-inferiority probabilities (Δ>−10%) at week 52 were 0.036 (PPT) and 0.060 (ITT). Quality of life and adverse effects were comparable across groups. 83.4% of patients preferred the oral route.Conclusions Oral administration was no less effective than IM administration at 8 weeks. Although differences were found between administration routes at week 52, the probability that the differences were below the non-inferiority threshold was very low.Trial registration numbers NCT 01476007; EUDRACT (2010-024129-20).

En el artículo son descritas las contradicciones entre el discurso institucional que presenta las bondades de Internet y la revolución digital como factores históricos de transformación social y política, y las confronta con el estado de desigualdad real presente en las sociedades occidentales. Así, se profundiza en la falta de correlación entre el discurso ideológico del “sublime digital” y las condiciones reales de existencia de las fuerzas de producción mediante la aplicación de una serie de aproximaciones críticas cuyo objetivo es prevenir sobre los riesgos derivados de la disolución del capital social y la destrucción de empleos a través de la automatización creciente de la producción.

Abstract Background Maternal breastfeeding is a practice that is associated with multiple health benefits for mothers and children. One of the lowest rates of breastfeeding has been observed among Chinese women who immigrate to high income countries. At present, there is a lack of comparative information between this group and that of Spanish-born women. Considering the relationship between the attitude of women towards breastfeeding and the initiation of breastfeeding, the aim of the study was to determine whether the attitude towards breastfeeding among Chinese postpartum women who have immigrated to Spain differs from that of Spanish-born postpartum women. Methods Cross-sectional study, with between-group comparison, of 73 postpartum Spanish-born and Chinese immigrant women admitted to the maternity units of “12 de Octubre” Hospital (Spain) between April and November 2016. Attitudes toward breastfeeding were analyzed using the Spanish or Chinese version of the Iowa Infant Feeding Attitude Scale (IIFAS). A wide set of socioeconomic, biological, working and attitudinal conditions were considered as covariates. The association between IIFAS and country of origin was assessed by three multiple linear regression models (B, SE, and 95% confidence interval were calculated). Results All Chinese women were first generation immigrants. Chinese-born women were four years younger than Spanish-born mothers, had a lower educational level, more frequently had a paid job (mainly self-employed), and planned to return to work almost two months earlier than Spanish-born mothers did. Most Chinese women did not breastfeed exclusively. Chinese immigrant women obtained scores of approximately 9 points less in the Iowa Infant Feeding Attitude Scale (IIFAS) when compared to Spanish-born women [95% CI -15.59, -2.48], after adjusting for the different socioeconomic, educational and work-related factors. Conclusions Chinese-born women resident in Spain present a lower score on the IIFAS, when compared to Spanish-born women, which implies a more negative attitude towards breastfeeding. The between-groups difference is consistent, even when adjusting for known confounders and other factors which could affect the attitude of the mothers. It is therefore striking that, despite being in Spain, Chinese-born women maintain these preferences/attitudes regarding breastfeeding, compared with Spanish-born women, who obtain overall high scores.

En el artículo se hace una revisión crítica de la tendencia establecida en el pensamiento cultural del capitalismo tardío hacia la idealización del perfeccionamiento social a través de la revolución de la tecnología. Fundamentalmente, el foco de la crítica se centra en los planteamientos específicos del tecnólogo Kevin Kelly y sus nociones de protopía y technium como síntesis de superación a las contradicciones entre utopía y distopía. Además, se compara la protopía en oposición al concepto de poder dual de Lenin propuesto por Fredric Jameson como regeneración del pensamiento utópico en la izquierda cultural. En un segundo término, se relaciona la protopía con la conciencia de pregreso (como opuesto a la fe en el progreso puro y neutro) y también con la influencia ideológica de los planteamientos sobre la teodicea de Leibniz. Como conclusión, se ofrece la vía dialéctica para enfocar el problema del miedo a la utopía y superar la creencia vacía en que la evolución tecnológica traerá aislada e inevitablemente un estado de liberación para la naturaleza del hombre.

Exposición desde una perspectiva filosófica, política e historicista de la crisis actual que vive el periodismo a causa no solo de la disrupción tecnológica y de la caída del modelo de negocio sectorial, sino especialmente de la deslegitimación que sufre como agente de Autoridad ante el auge del populismo, unido al desgaste que ha sufrido la idea de objetividad ante el triunfo del relativismo científico. En el artículo, utilizando enfoques de pensadores como Kant, Aristóteles, Platón, Alexander Kojève, Maurizio Ferraris, Michel Foucault y Donald Davidson, se realiza una reflexión crítica sobre las causas de la crisis y los elementos a recuperar en el lenguaje y la acción política para hacer sostenible la misión del periodismo como elemento central de las ciencias sociales y la democracia.

European economic governance has meant a challenge for the euro area States. This challenge was particularly complex for Spain since on one hand it has become immersed in a deep economic crisis, on the other hand it had not correctly adapted the constitutional system to the European process. Nevertheless, even though Spain has executed most of the European and international recommendations to address the crisis, it did not take into account the systemic changes it would occur with its constitutional system. This failure has led to a serious constitutional crisis that particularly affects Autonomic State and Social State. This present study discusses the centralization of competences and the drastic decline of social rights. Both paths, taken during the economic crisis, combined with the own lacks of Spanish constitutional system, have been a perfect breeding ground for proposals of rupture of the constitutional agreement.

Prior studies have identified that mentally healthy people tend to share common characteristics and common ways of coping with stressful life events; they show similar patterns of behavior and more flexible and adaptive social roles. The objectives of the study are to assess the influence of personality factors on gender roles and mental health, to identify personality patterns along with gender roles, and to assess the influence of the patterns identified on mental health. Data collection from a sample of 795 university students was carried out during 2019. Multilevel analyses tested the associations between gender (BSRI) and personality (TIPI) and between personality and health -mental health (GHQ12) and wellbeing (MHC-SF). Cluster analysis explored tendencies of gender and personality, and each cluster showed different health patterns. Individuals with high scores in extraversion, conscientiousness, emotional stability, openness to experience, and very high agreeableness score, as well as high femininity and masculinity scores, presented a decreased psychological morbidity (β= −3.62, 0.57 (SE), p<0.001) and an increased well-being (β=7.68, 1.15 (SE), p<0.001). The most relevant indicators of mental health were identified in androgynous individuals, those individuals with high scores in masculinity and femininity, as well as high scores in extraversion, openness to experience, emotional stability, agreeableness, and conscientiousness. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction Pregnant women who eat a balanced diet usually practice physical activity (PA) regularly; there are many studies on PA during pregnancy and the results for the mother and baby. However, the guideline for PA during pregnancy is very general and is not quantified. The primary objective of this study is to examine the nutritional habits and levels of PA of women during pregnancy and the postpartum period. Second, it will determine the effects of these aspects on the mother and newborn baby. Its third objective is to identify the factors which influence the practice of PA during this phase.Methods and analysis Se trata de un estudio prospectivo de cohortes que dura 2 años, f rom de septiembre de 2018 para setiembre del 2020 La muestra será reclutado en tres Atención Primaria centros en el área de salud de Toledo (España). Las participantes serán mujeres embarazadas de 18 a 40 años. Ancianos que deben asistir a todos los controles durante el embarazo y el período posparto. La PA se cuantificará utilizando la acelerometría, mientras que los hábitos nutricionales y el ejercicio físico se evaluarán mediante cuestionarios validados. Se registrarán los síntomas del embarazo y el período posparto, junto con los parámetros bioquímicos y los datos antropométricos. Los resultados primarios se determinarán en las mujeres embarazadas: aumento de peso, incidencia de diabetes mellitus gestacional, preeclampsia e hipertensión inducida por el embarazo. Los resultados secundarios incluyen la duración del embarazo y el peso al nacer, la puntuación de Apgar (1 min / 5 min), el tipo de reanimación (I / II / III / IV) y el pH de la sangre del cordón umbilical en los recién nacidos.Discussion Although the beneficial effects of PA during pregnancy are known, there is a need to perform studies that quantify the amount of PA undertaken by women during pregnancy and the postpartum period. The objective of such studies is to establish science-based individualised guidelines for PA for women during this stage of their lives.

Como homenaje a las aportaciones intelectuales, morales y políticas de las obras de Zygmunt Bauman, en este artículo (dedicado a su memoria) se realiza una síntesis dialéctica de varios de los conceptos más fundamentales que desarrolló a lo largo de su prolífica carrera (la adioforización, la racionalidad líquida, el amor líquido, la marginación de los pobres, la minusvaloración de los que son diferentes subsumidos en categorías de subhumanos y la urgencia de la toma de conciencia para actuar éticamente). En la exposición crítica se dejan emerger capas de análisis procedentes de otros pensadores (como Kant, Freud, Platón, Lacan, Levinas y Marx) con el fin de proporcionar un mayor esplendor, flexibilidad y amplitud al pensamiento trascendente y potencialmente utópico de Bauman.

The goal of this article is to analyze fragments in the chapters of Juan de Mairena. Sentencias, donaires, apuntes y recuerdos de un profesor apócrifo, written by Antonio Machado and published in 1936. Our methodology is mainly focused on performing quantitative analysis on the data. The data also include the newspaper articles published by Machado in Hora de España and La Vanguardia. The results of these analyses were interpreted according to relevant studies on the author's work. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Facial affect recognition is a critical skill in human interactions that is often impaired in psychiatric disorders. To address this challenge, tests have been developed to measure and train this skill. Recently, virtual human (VH) and virtual reality (VR) technologies have emerged as novel tools for this purpose. This study investigates the unique contributions of different factors in the communication and perception of emotions conveyed by VHs. Specifically, it examines the effects of the use of action units (AUs) in virtual faces, the positioning of the VH (frontal or mid-profile), and the level of immersion in the VR environment (desktop screen versus immersive VR). Thirty-six healthy subjects participated in each condition. Dynamic virtual faces (DVFs), VHs with facial animations, were used to represent the six basic emotions and the neutral expression. The results highlight the important role of the accurate implementation of AUs in virtual faces for emotion recognition. Furthermore, it is observed that frontal views outperform mid-profile views in both test conditions, while immersive VR shows a slight improvement in emotion recognition. This study provides novel insights into the influence of these factors on emotion perception and advances the understanding and application of these technologies for effective facial emotion recognition training. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introducción Cuando un paciente con enfermedad renal crónica (ERC) llega a las etapas finales, en las que necesita una terapia de reemplazo renal, una de las opciones más utilizadas es la hemodiálisis. Este tratamiento, que es ambulatorio en centros especializados, suele durar una media de 4 horas, 3 veces por semana1,2. Pacientes en hemodiálisis: necesidades de educación y entretenimiento No sólo para la enfermedad renal sino también para el tratamiento de diálisis, los pacientes en hemodiálisis presentan numerosas necesidades, que deben ser atendidas por el personal de enfermería y que incluyen: dificultad para adherirse a la dieta renal, falta de conocimiento, problemas de aislamiento social y necesidades de ocio o entretenimiento durante la duración de la diálisis, entre otras, según la literatura citada3,4. La dieta renal aplica diferentes restricciones y ajustes de macronutrientes, entre los que destaca la restricción de la ingesta de agua, para evitar la sobrecarga de líquidos y el edema pulmonar que son factores de riesgo vital; el aumento de las proteínas diarias, para evitar la malnutrición, como los diferentes iones, énfasis en las restricciones de sodio; la restricción de potasio, ya que un exceso provocará una emergencia vital; y el fósforo por sus graves consecuencias en la morbilidad y mortalidad de los pacientes renales1,5,6. Sin embargo, a pesar de que el cumplimiento adecuado de la dieta renal aumentará los beneficios del tratamiento renal y disminuirá los costos del sistema de salud vinculados a una mayor morbilidad, el hecho es que el cumplimiento de la dieta se encuentra en un 50% en los países desarrollados7 , lo que demuestra la importancia de promover la función educativa de la enfermera el mayor tiempo posible8. Teniendo en cuenta la falta de conocimiento sobre el estado de salud de los pacientes e independientemente de las dolencias que padezcan, las nuevas tecnologías están adoptando una postura más firme como fuentes de información que pueden ayudar a los pacientes a estar más capacitados en relación con su salud: ha aparecido el concepto Salud 2.0. Diferentes sitios web, blogs, aplicaciones o juegos educativos instruyen, enseñan o aconsejan a los pacientes sobre diferentes enfermedades, aunque hay casos en los que la evidencia en la que se basa la información es cuestionable. En el caso de los pacientes renales, existe una amplia gama de juegos, blogs y aplicaciones que pueden ser útiles9,10.

The practice of nursing takes place in the context of healthcare institutions, being the interpersonal relationship the backbone of the practice. In the case of immigrants the goal is to provide culturally competent care. However, the hierarchical and normative hospitals (total institutions) make the relationship between nurses and patients difficult, especially when they come from other cultural backgrounds. The objective of this study is to explore the power relations and to identify barriers in the relationship between nurses- immigrant fathers/mothers due to institutional constraints of the hospital. The ethnographic study collected data through the testimonies of the professionals and the parents of immigrant children and also by observing the practice environments in two public hospitals of average size of the Community of Madrid. The results show that nurses, through the exercise of institutional power, establish with immigrant parents asymmetrical relationships favored by language barriers, prejudice and stereotypes. To provide culturally competent care, you need to overcome institutional and personal barriers and establish dialogic relationships that allow flexible and individualized care, avoiding ethnocentrism.

Background: A combination of theoretical and practical approaches is required to learn and acquire ethical competencies in caring. Occasionally, reflection on practical action differs from theoretical learning. In the context of reflective learning, issues such as ethical values can be discussed since they evoke conflict among nursing students. Aim: To identify ethical conflicts encountered by nursing students during clinical placements and to determine their cooperation strategies. Research design: Qualitative study with a content analysis according to Elo and Kinglas framework. Participants and research context: Students enrolled in a nursing program at a Spanish university aged between 22 and 35, mainly women. Methodology: The study includes 134 ethical reflections from nursing students in the last year of the nursing program, written during their clinical practices in a variety of learning environments. The research team analyzed the reflections using an inductive content analysis method. Ethical considerations: Ethical permission was obtained by the management center according to Law 3/2028, and all the participants accepted to participate through the informed consent form. Findings: Three main categories emerged from the analysis of the ethical reflections: (1) evaluation of professional performance and patient care; (2) the student as the protagonist of the dilemma; (3) student coping. Student dilemmas and concerns are related to ignorance, student-patient communication, mistakes made and self-confidence. Some situations conflict with the autonomy of patients and their rights, and can contribute to stressful situations for patients. Stress factors include hospital routines, which the patient cannot modify, and asymmetric relationships with staff, which encourage passivity. Conclusion: All ethical problems detected by the students begin with the professional-patient relationship, including issues related to bad news, errors or malpractice. Reflection on the ethical values of nursing, both in the classroom and in clinical practices, allows students to develop a greater ethical awareness of care, enhancing their decision-making skills in ethical dilemmas. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

La introducción de las Tecnologías de la Información y las Comunicaciones (TIC) en la educación ha revolucionado las formas tradicionales de enseñar y aprender, debido a ello se han modificado los componentes del proceso de enseñanza aprendizaje, entre ellos los no personales: las formas de organización y evaluación de los contenidos. A partir de estas modificaciones, en la actualidad se producen novedosos recursos didácticos para la enseñanza de las diversas materias, lo cual hacen que exista una mediación digital para el aprendizaje de las mismas. Ese es el propósito de la Multimedia “Judoteca”, constituir un medio de enseñanza audiovisual para el aprendizaje del Judo, teniendo en cuenta no solo las bondades que ofrece este tipo de recurso didáctico, si no, que su utilización puede facilitar al profesor o entrenador deportivo en la presentación y repetición de acciones que no es posible mostrar con otros medios de enseñanza, así mismo el aprendiz puede emplearla de forma autodidacta en su preparación en el citado deporte de combate.