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This study evaluated the efficacy of photodynamic therapy using the photosensitizer azulene and low-intensity laser associated with standard root chemical-surgical preparation (performed with 0.5% sodium hypochlorite) in dogs. Twenty animals from the Veterinary Hospital of the School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, University of São Paulo (HOVET-FMVZ/USP) and treated at the Compared Dentistry Laboratory (Laboratório de Odontologia Veterinária [LOC]-FMVZ/USP) were included. Each subject possessed one single rooted tooth with complete root formation, pulp necrosis, complicated crown fracture and periapical bone rarefaction at the time of the radiographic examination. The endodontic treatment was performed in all dogs, which were divided into two equal groups. For group one, the standard chemical-surgical preparation was followed by the photodynamic therapy to evaluate the role of azulene after instrumentation. For group two, the photodynamic therapy was followed by the standard chemical-surgical preparation to evaluate the antimicrobial action of azulene before instrumentation. The results show that intracanal photodynamic therapy is efficient in eliminating unspecified bacterial and Enterococcus organism loads. In addition, this therapeutic modality reduces yeast contamination. The photodynamic therapy showed similar efficacy compared to standard chemical-surgical preparation. The application order of therapeutic modalities does not influence intracanal disinfection in both cases. This study shows that photodynamic therapy with low-intensity laser and azulene as a photosensitizer is a feasible alternative for improving treatment outcomes in routine practice of veterinary dentistry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objetivo: Verificar crescimento de microorganismos em amostras de glicerina e ossos armazenados durante nove anos. Métodos: Realizou-se a análise microbiológica da epífise e da medula de ossos conservados na glicerina a 98%, bem como da própria glicerina que os contêm. Resultado: O crescimento microbiano observado não foi estatisticamente significante. Conclusão: A glicerina é um excelente meio para conservação de tecido ósseo por longo período de tempo.

This study aims to assess ozonized mineral oil ointment application as an antiplaque therapy for dogs. Domestic healthy dogs received dental scaling and polishing under general anesthesia. Under standard feeding and homecare during 7 days, 20 dogs were randomly placed into 2 different groups for dental treatment. The control group (CG) was given a single placebo application and the ozone group (O3G) received daily ozonized ointment application. The average age (CG = 4.4; O3G = 5.7 years old), body weight (CG = 15.7; O3G = 15.3 kg) and the gingivitis index obtained on the first day (D0) allowed initial homogeneity between the groups. The dental plaque index, including clinical and computerized analysis on the seventh day, was obtained from the buccal aspect of specific dental locations. Both analyses revealed significant statistical association between daily application of ozone and antiplaque effect. There was no evidence of toxicity during the study. These results suggest that ozone therapy may be an efficient adjuvant to conventional periodontal treatment in decreasing initial dental plaque formation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

O presente trabalho analisa a ocorrência de desvio radicular em 115 incisivos centrais e intermédios, 34 caninos e 19 quarto pré-molares superiores, totalizando 168 dentes. O desvio foi avaliado por imagens de vídeo VHS sobrepostas a um quadriculado. Os resultados mostram que 77,4% dos incisivos apresentam desvios, sendo 61,0% moderados, 28,5% pequenos e 10,5% severos (estes, apenas nas extremidades do terço apical), de acordo com adaptação da técnica proposta por SCHNEIDER6 para determinação e classificação do grau de curvatura dos canais. Para os caninos anotam-se 47,1% dos dentes com desvio, sendo 75,0% moderados e 25,0% pequenos. E para os quarto pré-molares superiores observam-se 89,4% dos dentes com desvio, sendo 75,0% moderados, 16,7% pequenos e 8,3% severos. Comparados aos desvios radiculares observados na Odontologia Humana, concluímos que a ocorrência dos mesmos é baixa para a espécie canina facilitando a instrumentação do canal radicular.

Chronic gingivostomatitis in dogs is an inflammatory syndrome of the oral cavity, which treatment and control of concomitant periodontitis allow healing in most of the cases. In the presence of recurrent lesions, invasive methods are necessary to treat lesions and pain. As a conservative adjuvant method, photobiomodulation (PBM) with low power laser is able to promote reduction of tissue pain and tissue inflammation besides increasing vascularization and healing, restoring the normal function of the irradiated organ in a shorter time. In veterinary medicine, there is no standardization of technique for its use in oral tissue for treating gingivostomatitis in dogs. In the present case, a dog was submitted to aPDT (7.2 J/point, 3 min/point, 180 J/cm 2 ) and PBM (1.6 J/point, 40 s/point, 25 J/cm 2 ), using a semiconductor diode laser, with wavelength of 660 nm, spot size of ​​0.04 cm 2 and output power of 40 mW. The established protocol proved to be effective as coadjutant treatment for chronic gingivostomatitis, restoring the integrity of dog’s affected mucosa and gingiva. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aimed to develop a plate to treat fractures of the mandibular body in dogs and to validate the project using finite elements and biomechanical essays. Mandible proto-types were produced with 10 oblique ventrorostral fractures (favorable) and 10 oblique ventrocaudal fractures (unfavor-able). Three groups were established for each fracture type. Osteosynthesis with a pure titanium plate of double-arch geometiy and blocked monocortical screws of free angula-tion were used. The mechanical resistance of the prototype with unfavorable fracture was lower than that of the favorable fracture. In both fractures, the deflection increased and the relative stiffness decreased proportionally to the diminishing screw number. The finite element analysis validated this plate study, since the maximum tension concentration observed on the plate was lower than the resistance limit tension admitted by the titanium. In conclusion, the double-arch geometry plate fixed with blocked monocortical screws has sufficient resis-tance to stabilize oblique fractures, without compromising mandibular dental or neurovascular structures. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

For some surgical procedures in veterinary dentistry including exodontia, orthognathic surgery, orthopedic surgery, oncologic surgery, and for the placement of dental implants, it is important to know the accurate location of the neurovascular structures within the mandibular canal. The aim of this research was to determine the course of the mandibular canal in the mandible and its relationship with other anatomical structures in brachycephalic dogs using computerized tomography. Mandibles from 10 brachy-cephalic cadaver dogs were evaluated. Measurements were taken in relation to the lingual, vestibular, alveolar crest, and ventral surfaces. These measurements indicated that the mandibular canal descends slightly from the mandibular foramen to the molar area, decreasing the distance of the mandibular canal from the mandibular ventral border. The mandibular canal is slightly closer to the lingual surface than the vestibular surface except in the molar tooth region. The mandibular canal continues in a rostral direction occupying the ventral region of the mandibular body, reaching its maximum distance from the alveolar crest at the level of the first molar and fourth premolar teeth. In the third and fourth premolar tooth region, the mandibular canal maintains a similar distance between the vestibular and lingual borders; then, at the level of the second premolar tooth, the distance of the mandibular canal from the lingual and ventral border increases before its termination at the mental foramen. The study reported here documents the feasibility of using CT to determine the location of the mandibular canal in relation to bony and dental parameters. Although the difference in mandible size of the group of brachycephalic dogs reported here resulted in broad ranges of measurements, it is clear that the MC course may vary between individual dogs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Canine tooth fracture is common in dogs. Application of an esthethic and durable restoration may be challenging in veterinary dental practice. This study used traditional human dental laboratory methods to evaluate fracture strength of intact dog canine teeth and fractured teeth that had been restored by reattachment of the tooth fragment. The results showed that the teeth restored by reattachment of the tooth fragment supported a test load equal to 45.4 % of the load necessary to fracture intact canine teeth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Reparative tissue of extraction sockets was proposed as grafting material in the treatment of periodontal defects. Our hypothesis was that the addition of growth factors to extraction sockets improves the regenerative potential of this tissue when used as a graft. The objective of the present study was to analyze qualitatively and quantitatively the repair of acute Class II furcation defects after they receive this grafting material.Methods: The second and third upper premolars were extracted from four dogs. Platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF)-BB and insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-I, at concentrations of 6 microg/ml each, were applied to the resulting sockets. After 5 days, 24 acute defects (12 control and 12 test defects) were created in the second, third, and fourth lower premolars. Only the test sites received the graft. The flaps were positioned coronally on both sides and sutured. After 45 days, the specimens were collected, decalcified, and processed histologically in a buccal-lingual plane. The parameters were measured horizontally in the buccal-lingual direction.Results: Repair was histologically and histometrically similar in the two groups. No significant difference was observed between the test and control groups in the parameters connective tissue, new cementum, new bone, and junctional epithelium.Conclusion: The use of this graft did not show beneficial effects on the repair of acute Class II furcation defects in dogs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A retrospective study was performed in 100 dogs with 121 mandibular and 21 maxillary fractures. Dog fight (43.0 %) and automobile (12.0 %) trauma were the most common etiologies for fracture. The cause of fracture was unknown in 23.0 % of the cases, while pathologic fractures occurred in 13.0 % of cases. Young dogs (< 1-year-old) and dogs> 8-years of age were most affected. Mandibular fractures occurred in 90 dogs (90.0 %), with two dogs (2.2 %) having concurrent maxillary fractures. Maxillary fractures only were diagnosed in 10 dogs (10.0 %). The molar region (47.1 %) was the most commonly affected location for mandibular fracture,followed by fractures of the symphysis and parasymphysis (30.6 %), premolar region (17.4 %), angular process (4.1 %) and vertical ramus (0.8 %). In fractures of the mandibular region, the mandibular first molar tooth was often (85.9%) involved while the canine teeth were involved in 67.5 % of symphyseal and parasymphyseal fractures. The most common fracture of the maxilla was the maxillary bone (52.4 %), followed by the incisive (33.3 %), palatines (9.5 %), and nasal (4.8 %) bones. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: To evaluate the inflammatory response in dental pulps of rat incisors subjected to tooth bleaching protocols with different HP concentrations and application times. Methods: 42 incisors from Wistar rats were submitted to tooth bleaching using concentrations of 25% or 35% HP for treatment times of 15, 30 or 45 minutes. Four non-bleached teeth were used as controls. The animals received an intravenous injection of India ink immediately after the bleaching procedure and were sacrificed 1 hour later. Six bleached teeth from each group and three controls were made transparent, and one sample from each group was processed for histological analysis. The data were statistically analyzed using Kruskal Wallis and Dunn's tests (P< 0.05). Results: The amount of dental pulp ink content was significantly higher in the samples that were bleached with 35% HP for 30 minutes and with both HP concentrations (25 and 35%) for 45 minutes than in the controls. For the samples bleached with the same HP concentration, the ink content was higher in samples that were bleached for 45 minutes. These results indicate that HP tooth bleaching can induce an increase in vascular permeability in rat incisors. Importantly, this increase is more dependent on the length of the bleaching procedure than on the concentration of the bleaching agent. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Causes of dental infections can be related to failed dental eruption, malocclusion, abrasion, fractures with or without exposure of the dental pulp, and periodontal disease. Reports of oral myiasis in megavertebrates in captivity are infrequent, perhaps due to the difficulty in obsen'ing the oral cavity in such species. This report describes a case of oral myiasis in an adult male hippopotamus in the gingival area and alveolar mucosa of the left mandibular canine tooth. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article presents a case study of an adult Siberian tiger diagnosed with periodontal disease and calcifying epithelial odontogenic tumor (CEOT).