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3 results on '"Gillespie, GM"'

1. Functional discrepancies in HIV-specific CD8+ T-lymphocyte populations are related to plasma virus load

Author

Oxenius, A., Andrew Sewell, Dawson, Sj, Gunthard, Hf, Fischer, M., Gillespie, Gm, Rowland-Jones, Sl, Fagard, C., Hirschel, B., Phillips, Re, and Price, Da

Subjects
ddc:616, Immunoassay, Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell/genetics/immunology, HIV-1/ immunology, Anti-HIV Agents, Receptors, Antigen, T-Cell, HIV Infections/drug therapy/ immunology/virology, Genes, MHC Class I, HIV Infections, CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes, Viral Load, Flow Cytometry, Genes, MHC Class I/immunology, Immunoassay/methods, CD4 Lymphocyte Count, Interferon-gamma, Anti-HIV Agents/therapeutic use, Interferon-gamma/immunology, HIV-1, Humans, CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes/drug effects/ immunology
Abstract

The potent ability of current antiretroviral drug regimens to control human immunodeficiency Virus-1 (HIV-1) replication, in conjunction with the clinical practice of structured therapeutic interruptions, provides a system in which virus levels are manipulated during a persistent infection in humans. Here, we exploit this system to examine the impact of variable plasma virus load (pVL) on the functionality of HIV-specific CD8+ T-lymphocyte populations. Using both ELISpot methodology and intracellular cytokine staining for interferon (IFN)-gamma to assess functional status, together with fluorochrome-labeled peptide-major histocompatibility complex (pMHC) class I tetramer analysis to detect the physical presence of CD8+ T lymphocytes expressing cognate T-cell receptors (TCRs), we observed that the proportion of HIV-specific CD8+ T lymphocytes capable of mounting an effector response to antigen challenge directly ex vivo is related to the kinetics of virus exposure. Specifically, (a) after prolonged suppression of pVL with antiretroviral therapy (ART), physical and functional measures of HIV-specific CD8+ T-lymphocyte frequencies approximated; and (b) the percentage of functionally responsive cells in the HIV-specific CD8+ T lymphocyte populations declined substantially when therapy was discontinued and pVL recrudesced in the same patients. These results corroborate and extend observations in animal models that describe nonresponsive CD8+ T lymphocytes in the presence of high levels of antigen load and have implications for the interpretation of quantitative data generated by methods that rely on functional readouts.

Published
2002

2. Aggressive strategic planning for oral health in Kuwait: a decade of post-war successes.

Author

Morris RE, Gillespie GM, Al Za'abi F, Al Rashed B, and Al Mahmeed BE

Abstract

Strategic planning and implementation of oral health care and disease prevention programmes after the 1990/91 Gulf war are discussed. The key concept was to develop access to care and disease prevention for all Kuwaiti children in government kindergarten/primary schools and to eliminate emphasis on extractions and restorations. Resources were restored to pre-war levels and then increased. Prevention programmes for 150 000 children were established. Prevention funds increased from 7% to 20% of the oral health budget. Prevention-based dentists increased from 9.7% to 28.0% of staff. Rising caries trends were stabilized or reduced by up to 36.8%. Percentage of caries-free primary dentition in children increased up to 37.6%, permanent dentition up to 27.0%. A dentistry school was established. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2008

3. Dietary habits of the primary to secondary school population and implications for oral health.

Author

Al-Ansari JM, Al-Jairan LY, and Gillespie GM

Abstract

Surveys have shown increases in dental caries in young persons in Kuwait. Intake of sugar and carbohydrates has increased, as has the incidence of obesity. The objective of this study was to identify dietary practices and the potential for dental disease in primary, intermediate, and secondary school students in a health region. A random sample of 600 students aged 8, 13, and 17 yrs in 12 schools (6 boys' schools and 6 girls' schools) received a questionnaire. Responses were analyzed by age group, gender, and dietary practices at home and in school. The dietary composition of meals tended to be similar at all ages and in both genders. A total of 97% of 8-yr-old, 96% of 13-yr-old, and 92% of 17-yr-old students reported snacking at school. Sugar intake from identified snacks alone was calculated as 193.8 g/day or the estimated equivalent of 746 calories, and daily fat intake was 70.17 g. A total of 88.6% of respondents (56.6% of all children) used fluoridated toothpaste; 44.4% of all children (22.6% of 8-yr-old, 14.1% of 13-yr-old, and 7.7% of 17-yr-old students) reported brushing their teeth three times per day. Use of school snacks increased with age, while use of a toothbrush decreased. Fundamental oral hygiene procedures such as brushing and use of fluoridated toothpaste appear to have been implemented. Health workers need to provide new and pertinent oral health messages, nutrition counseling, attention to diet, and reinforcement with parents, food preparers, health facilities, and intermediate and secondary schools. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2006

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