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PyCI is a free and open-source Python library for setting up and running arbitrary determinant-driven configuration interaction (CI) computations, as well as their generalizations to cases where the coefficients of the determinant are nonlinear functions of optimizable parameters. PyCI also includes functionality for computing the residual correlation energy, along with the ability to compute spin-polarized one- and two-electron (transition) reduced density matrices. PyCI was originally intended to replace the ab initio quantum chemistry functionality in the HORTON library but emerged as a standalone research tool, primarily intended to aid in method development, while maintaining high performance so that it is suitable for practical calculations. To this end, PyCI is written in Python, adopting principles of modern software development, including comprehensive documentation, extensive testing, continuous integration/delivery protocols, and package management. Computationally intensive steps, notably operations related to generating Slater determinants and computing their expectation values, are delegated to low-level C++ code. This article marks the official release of the PyCI library, showcasing its functionality and scope. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

RESUMO: Na educação em ciências, diferentes autores apontaram a importância de pensar como sexo/gênero pode ser incorporado às pesquisas e às práticas didáticas, visando a superação de desigualdades. Tendo como contexto aulas de biologia no ensino médio, analisamos as interações de um grupo de estudantes para compreender como sexo/gênero influenciam as normas sociais de construção do conhecimento. Encontramos evidências que indicam desequilíbrio na igualdade moderada dos integrantes do grupo, sendo mais valoradas as contribuições dos meninos cis. O uso dos padrões públicos de análise garantiu a visibilidade e aceitação dos argumentos das meninas cis. Discutimos como o reconhecimento de que as normas sociais de construção do conhecimento em sala de aula são influenciadas por sexo/gênero pode contribuir para pesquisas sobre aprendizagem epistêmica, assim como auxiliar docentes no estabelecimento de práticas que contribuam para a construção de um ambiente equitativo para a aprendizagem epistêmica.

Neurocysticercosis, a parasitic infection of the central nervous system (CNS), is a significant public health issue globally, including in Brazil. This article presents a case report of a 44-year-old male patient residing in the rural area of Roraima, the northernmost region of Brazil within the Amazon Forest. The patient, with chronic HIV infection, acquired the Taenia solium helminth, resulting in neurocysticercosis development. Remarkably, the diagnosis of neurocysticercosis was not initially apparent but emerged through meticulous analysis following a motorcycle accident. The absence of seizures, a common clinical manifestation, complicated the diagnostic process, making it an uncommon case of NCC, which may be related to co-infection. As the patient’s condition progressed, multiple complications arose, requiring additional medical attention and interventions. This case underscores the immense challenges faced by healthcare teams in managing neurocysticercosis effectively. It emphasizes the critical need for a comprehensive, multidisciplinary approach to provide optimal care for such complex cases. The study’s findings underscore the importance of raising awareness and implementing improved strategies for tackling neurocysticercosis, particularly in regions where it remains a prevalent concern.

Ampros, Anfas, Aspanias, Atades, Gautena, Gorabide y Plena inclusión presentan una investigación cuyo objetivo es evaluar el impacto del plan individualizado en el que se incluyen los objetivos personales, la calidad de vida y la percepción de las personas. Se establecen puntos de referencia en un análisis longitudinal de los resultados. Con carácter previo a la elaboración del plan individual de cada persona, se han evaluado las necesidades de apoyo y la calidad de vida. En total, han participado 77 personas con discapacidad con diferentes necesidades de apoyo. Los objetivos de cada plan individual se han valorado al finalizar el primer año y al acabar el segundo, momento en el cual se volvieron a aplicar las escalas antes citadas. Se observan diferencias significativas en los resultados obtenidos en función de las necesidades de apoyo y la valoración que realizan los profesionales según los años de contacto con la persona con discapacidad. Se deben tener en cuenta las diferencias por la edad de los participantes, los problemas de comportamiento y la consecución de los objetivos individuales.

INTRODUCCIÓN. En esta investigación se analizan las propiedades psicométricas del Cuestionario Goratu “Percepciones sobre las personas con discapacidad intelectual” en una muestra no probabilística de 414 estudiantes de Educación Secundaria Obligatoria y Bachillerato, procedentes de 5 centros educativos privados concertados. MÉTODO. Los cuestionarios fueron aplicados durante el periodo 2017-2019 en 15 aulas. Para la elaboración del cuestionario, se realizó una exhaustiva revisión bibliográfica y se identificaron áreas de indagación a partir de narraciones vitales de 8 personas adultas con DI. Se halla su fiabilidad a través del coeficiente a de Cronbach y su validez mediante un análisis factorial exploratorio aplicando el método de componentes principales para la extracción de factores y un posterior análisis factorial para determinar el número óptimo de dichos factores. RESULTADOS. El Cuestionario Goratu consta de 5 dimensiones con un total de 15 ítems, que explican el 52.92% de la varianza y cuenta con un índice de fiabilidad aceptable (a=.719). DISCUSIÓN. Los resultados psicométricos han sido adecuados al obtenerse valores superiores o iguales a las recomendaciones que deben satisfacer los instrumentos diseñados para la evaluación de realidades sociales. Por ello puede considerarse un instrumento útil para conocer la percepción del alumnado en relación con las personas con DI. El estudio plantea algunas limitaciones como el tamaño y características de la muestra, así como la pertinencia de un posible análisis confirmatorio.

Republic Act (RA) 9994, otherwise known as the Expanded Senior Citizen Act of 2010, was enacted into law to provide more benefits to the elderly and deliver full support to their well-being (Inabangan et al., 2019). The benefits are essential as most of them no longer hold jobs, and financial stability can be challenging if not fatal. The current laws and policy provisions on food and medicine discount and the granting of a social pension to underprivileged senior citizens are only palliatives at best. However, they stretch the limited incomes of these individuals and their supporting families who live below the poverty level. The purpose of the study is to assess the level of awareness and extent of availment on the benefits under RA 9994 of senior citizens in a highly urbanized city of Negros Occidental as well as the relationship between awareness and availment. Likewise, explore the challenges encountered by senior citizens in availing their benefits under RA 9994.

La comunicación es un derecho básico esencial para la calidad de vida de toda persona, donde todos los agentes involucrados tienen su responsabilidad para garantizar un diálogo efcaz. Las personas con discapacidad intelectual y del desarrollo con necesidades específcas de comunicación utilizan formas comunicativas que habitualmente pueden resultar limitadas y difíciles de intuir por la mayor parte de las personas lo que, por ende, disminuye su efcacia. En este trabajo se propone una metodología que se sustenta en la utilización de sistemas alternativos y aumentativos de comunicación junto con la metodología de planifcación centrada en la persona. En él la tecnología se pone al servicio del proyecto de vida de la persona y se implica a su círculo de relaciones para mejorar su calidad de vida y generalizar el uso de los sistemas de comunicación en todos sus contextos vitales.

Neste trabalho investigamos a relação entre a autonomia dos estudantes para tomar decisões referentes às transformações do conhecimento ao longo do processo investigativo e seu engajamento com práticas epistêmicas numa atividade de ensino baseado em investigação. Partimos das hipóteses de que os momentos com maior diversidade de práticas epistêmicas estariam associados às transformações performadas pelos alunos ao longo do processo investigativo, e que os mesmos momentos teriam alto grau de autonomia dos estudantes. Como procedimento, mapeamos a ocorrência de práticas epistêmicas nas interações discursivas de dois grupos de estudantes ao longo de uma atividade de ensino por investigação sobre dinâmica populacional. A partir desse mapeamento, identificamos os episódios com maior diversidade de práticas epistêmicas e, nestes, analisamos as interações discursivas buscando caracterizar a situação didática que promoveu essa maior diversidade. Nossas análises revelaram que os dois grupos de estudantes conduziram suas investigações de formas distintas, realizando as transformações do conhecimento (dado → evidência → padrão/modelo → explicação) em diferentes momentos e de maneira não-linear. Também tivemos evidências que os momentos de transformações ao longo do processo investigativo eram constituídos por processos de construção de consenso e de decisão. Com apenas uma exceção, a proposição da ação que se converteu em consenso nos grupos fora feita por estudantes, o que revelou que atuavam com autonomia nesse processo. Concluímos que a ocorrência de uma maior diversidade de práticas epistêmicas se relacionou com os momentos de transformações do conhecimento e com contextos investigativos que promoveram a autonomia dos estudantes para conduzir a investigação.

Neurocysticercosis, a parasitic infection of the central nervous system (CNS), is a significant public health issue globally, including in Brazil. This article presents a case report of a 44-year-old male patient residing in the rural area of Roraima, the northernmost region of Brazil within the Amazon Forest. The patient, with chronic HIV infection, acquired the Taenia solium helminth, resulting in neurocysticercosis development. Remarkably, the diagnosis of neurocysticercosis was not initially apparent but emerged through meticulous analysis following a motorcycle accident. The absence of seizures, a common clinical manifestation, complicated the diagnostic process, making it an uncommon case of NCC, which may be related to co-infection. As the patient's condition progressed, multiple complications arose, requiring additional medical attention and interventions. This case underscores the immense challenges faced by healthcare teams in managing neurocysticercosis effectively. It emphasizes the critical need for a comprehensive, multidisciplinary approach to provide optimal care for such complex cases. The study's findings underscore the importance of raising awareness and implementing improved strategies for tackling neurocysticercosis, particularly in regions where it remains a prevalent concern. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: To describe the application of the nursing model “Primary Nursing” to patients submitted to hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.Method: Convergent-care research conducted from June to December 2016 with 20 nursing professionals from the Bone Marrow Transplant Service of a Brazilian Public Hospital. The results were obtained with the administration of a semi-structured interview. Thematic analysis described by Creswell was used in data analysis.Results: Six thematic categories based on the applicability of the Primary Nursing model emerged, as follows: Ambience and care process; Knowing the patient; Interpersonal relations; Favorable and unfavorable aspects; Organization of the care process; and Nursing Process.Conclusion: The study reports improvements and difficulties in the nursing care process with the application the Primary Nursing model, but proved above all to be a viable nursing model for the care of patients submitted to hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.

This study identified relevant topics in litter research in Brazil, highlighting aspects, terms, and interconnected analyses. Using Google Scholar, 300 articles with the term "litter" in the title were selected, and their abstracts were analyzed with the Iramuteq software. A variety of sampling and analysis methods related to the production, accumulation, and decomposition of litter were identified. The results highlight terms such as "decomposition," "soil," "nutrient," and "forest," showing a higher recurrence in specific methodologies and vegetation types. The analysis also revealed a significant gap in non-forest environments, indicating the need for more comprehensive studies. The application of IRAMUTEQ and the broad scope of Google Scholar proved effective in organizing and interpreting large volumes of textual data. This research contributes to the advancement of knowledge about litter, demonstrating the utility of scientometric approaches and highlighting the need for new investigations to promote the sustainability and conservation of Brazilian ecosystems. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Gliobastomas are neoplasies that present themselves to be the most malignant among the astrocytic tumors. Their prognosis is ominous, with few years of survival. As we are dealing with such an aggressive illness, whose treatment is still so greatly limited, this study has had as objective to carry out a bibliographical revision to clarify the mechanisms of this illness and the advances in its treatment. One concludes that, despite the progress in the treatment of glioblastoma, it is still necessary to achieve more advances, by means of current promising researches, thus improving the quality of life of these patients.

BACKGROUND: The main aim of this study is to review the agenda for research priorities of mental health in Brazil. METHODOLOGY: The first step was to gather 28 experts (22 researchers, five policy makers, and the coordinator) representing all mental health fields from different geographical areas of the country. Participants were asked to list what they considered to be the most relevant mental health research questions for the country to address in the next 10 years. Seventeen participants answered this question; after redundancies were excluded, a total of 110 responses were collected. As the second step, participants were asked to rank which questions were the 35 most significant. The final step was to score 15 items for each of the 35 selected questions to determine whether it would be a) answerable, b) effective, c) deliverable, d) equitable, and e) effective at reducing the burden of mental health. The ten highest ranked questions were then selected. RESULTS: There were four questions addressing primary care with respect to a) the effectiveness of interventions, b) "matrix support", c) comparisons of different models of stepped care, and d) interventions to enhance identification and treatment of common mental disorders at the Family Health Program. The other questions were related to the evaluation of mental health services for adults and children/adolescents to clarify barriers to treatment in primary care, drug addiction, and severe mental disorders; to investigate the cost-benefit relationship of anti-psychotics; to design interventions to decrease alcohol consumption; and to apply new technologies (telemedicine) for education and supervision of non-specialists. CONCLUSION: This priority-setting research exercise highlighted a need for implementing investments at the primary-care level, particularly in the family health program; the urgent need to evaluate services; and policies to improve equity by increasing accessibility to services and testing interventions to reduce barriers for seeking mental health treatment.INTRODUÇÃO: O principal objetivo desse estudo foi revisar a agenda de prioridades em pesquisa em saúde mental no Brasil. MÉTODO: Foram selecionados 28 especialistas (22 pesquisadores, cinco legisladores e o coordenador) de diferentes regiões. Responderam ao que consideravam mais relevante em pesquisa para a saúde mental para os próximos 10 anos. Dezessete responderam e configuraram 110 questões, que foram reavaliadas por eles, com atribuição de escore, a partir de 15 itens distribuídos segundo grau de responsividade, eficácia, aplicabilidade, equidade e impacto na redução da carga da doença mental. 35 questões, e dentre elas as 10 mais bem pontuadas, foram destacadas. RESULTADOS: Prevaleceram indicações para estudos de efetividade das intervenções, matriciamento, comparação entre modelos de intervenção e detecção e tratamento de transtornos mais prevalentes na Estratégia da Saúde da Família. Avaliação de serviços quanto às barreiras ao tratamento; custo-efetividade dos antipsicóticos, intervenções contra efeitos do álcool e outras drogas, e aplicação de tecnologias (telemedicina) para educação e supervisão dos generalistas foram outros. CONCLUSÃO: Apontou-se para necessidade de investimentos na saúde mental na atenção primária à saúde; avaliação do sistema de serviços de cuidados de saúde mental, e pesquisas para romper barreiras ao acesso e à equidade no tratamento dos transtornos mentais.

OBJECTIVE: Developed by the Ministry of Education, the Qualis evaluation criteria have strongly impacted the scientific production of Post-Graduation Programs. A new set of more stringent criteria has been proposed for Qualis. Our aim was to evaluate the impact of the new Qualis criteria on the scientific production of Post-Graduation Programs in psychiatry over the last 10 years. METHOD:We extracted data from annual reports published between 1998 and 2008, and compared performance measured in terms of the old Qualis rating criteria and the new set of criteria. RESULTS: There was a 25% increase in the number of Information Science Institute-indexed articles in the second five-year period, which rose from 1,213 to 1,518. While, according to the old Qualis criteria, 84% of the Information Science Institute production would have been classified as highly-rated (IF > 1), only 17% of the papers were classified as highly-rated (A1) according to the new Qualis rating criteria. Most papers (65%) were assigned to intermediate categories (B1 and B2) with an IF < 2.29. DISCUSSION:All psychiatric Post-Graduation Programs have increased their production, but by favoring quality over quantity, the new rules have proved to be more useful for discriminating among the scientific production.OBJETIVO: Nosso objetivo foi analisar o impacto dos novos critérios de avaliação de publicações científicas (Qualis) sobre a produção científica de Psiquiatria ao longo dos últimos 10 anos. Os critérios de avaliação do Ministério da Educação têm refletido em forte impacto na produção científica dos Programas de Pós-Graduação. MÉTODO: Extraímos dados dos relatórios anuais publicados entre 1998 e 2008 e comparamos os desempenhos medidos em termos dos antigos critérios de avaliação Qualis e dos novos conjuntos de critérios. RESULTADOS: Houve um aumento de 25% no número de artigos indexados no Information Science Institute no segundo período de cinco anos, que passou de 1.213 para 1.518. Embora, de acordo com os critérios de anteriores do Qualis, 84% da produção Information Science Institute tenha sido classificada como de alta qualificação (IF > 1), apenas 17% dos trabalhos foram classificados como de alta qualificação (A1), de acordo com os novos critérios de avaliação Qualis. A maioria dos trabalhos (65%) foi atribuída a categorias intermediárias (B1 e B2), com IF < 2,29. DISCUSSÃO:Todos os Programas de Pós-Graduação de psiquiatria aumentaram sua produção, porém, favorecendo a qualidade ao invés da quantidade, as novas regras provaram ser de mais utilidade para discriminar a produção científica.

OBJETIVO:Avaliar a tendência do número de publicações oriundos dos programas de pós-graduação brasileiros em saúde da criança e do adolescente e a proporção de citações desses artigos no MEDLINE e no Journal Citation Reports (JCR), utilizando a primeira base de dados como medida de eficiência e a última como indicador de visibilidade. MÉTODOS: Avaliamos 14 programas de pós-graduação quanto ao número de teses, dissertações e artigos citados no MEDLINE e JCR, através de dados secundários das duas últimas avaliações trienais realizadas pela Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES), de 1998 até 2000 e de 2001 até 2003. RESULTADOS:O número de artigos publicados aumentou (de 1.520 para 1.917), bem como o número mediano de artigos citados tanto no MEDLINE (de 32,5 para 45) como no JCR (de 24,5 para 27). O número mediano de dissertações aumentou de 19,5 para 26,5; o número mediano de teses cresceu de 12 para 13,5. O número mediano de orientadores diminuiu (de 21,5 para 18,4). CONCLUSÃO: Os programas de pós-graduação em saúde infantil e do adolescente tornaram-se mais eficientes quanto à produção de conhecimento através da publicação de mais artigos com maior visibilidade internacional. Tal tendência foi acompanhada contraditoriamente pela redução no número de orientadores.OBJECTIVE:To assess the trend in the number of published articles by Brazilian graduate programs in child and adolescent health and the proportion of such publications cited in MEDLINE and Thomson Scientific's Journal Citation Reports (JCR), using the former database as a proxy for efficiency and the latter as an indicator of visibility. METHODS: We assessed the trends of 14 graduate programs concerning the number of theses, dissertations, and articles cited in MEDLINE and JCR, through secondary data from the latest two triennial evaluations carried out by the Brazilian Federal Agency for the Improvement of Higher Education (Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior, CAPES) between 1998 and 2000 and between 2001 and 2003). RESULTS:The number of published articles increased (1,520 to 1,917), as did the median number of articles cited both in MEDLINE (32.5 to 45) and in JCR (24.5 to 27). The median number of dissertations rose from 19.5 to 26.5; the median number of theses went up from 12 to 13.5. The median number of faculty advisors decreased (21.5 to 18.4). CONCLUSION: Graduate programs in child and adolescent health became more efficient in producing knowledge through the publication of more articles with broader international visibility. Such trend was contradictorily accompanied by a diminishing number of advisors.

OBJECTIVE: The prevalence and burden of mental disorders have been growing in Latin-American and the Caribbean countries and research is an important tool for changing this scenario. The objective of this paper is to describe the development of mental health research in Latin American and the Caribbean countries from 1995 to 2005. METHOD: The indicators of productivity were based on the ISI Essential Science Indicators database. We compared the number of papers and citations, as well as the number of citations per paper between 1995 and 2005 for each country ranked in the Essential Science Indicators. RESULT: Eleven Latin-American countries were ranked in the ISI database and six of them demonstrated a higher level of development in mental health research: Argentina, Brazil, Chile, Colombia, Mexico, and Venezuela. Mexico produced the largest number of papers, while Brazil showed a larger number of citations per paper. CONCLUSION: Mental health research is still incipient in Latin American and the Caribbean countries, and many challenges remain to be overcome. Also, it is necessary to establish the research priorities, to allocate more funding, and to improve researchers training in research method and design.OBJETIVO: A prevalência e a carga dos transtornos mentais vêm crescendo nos países latino-americanos e a pesquisa tem sido considerada uma importante ferramenta para alterar este cenário. Este estudo descreve o desenvolvimento da pesquisa em saúde mental nos países latino-americanos e Caribe no período de 1995 a 2005. MÉTODO: Foram utilizados os indicadores de produtividade baseados no banco de dados "Essential Science Indicators" do ISI. Foram comparados o número total de artigos e citações e também o número de citações por artigo para cada um dos países classificados no Essential Science Indicators. RESULTADOS: Foram encontrados 11 países latino-americanos e Caribe no ISI, e seis destes apresentaram um maior desenvolvimento em pesquisa em saúde mental: Argentina, Brasil, Chile, Colômbia, México e Venezuela. O México foi o que apresentou o maior número de artigos, enquanto o Brasil apresentou maior número de citações por artigo. CONCLUSÃO: A pesquisa em saúde mental nos países latino-americanos e Caribe ainda é incipiente e muitos desafios necessitam ser superados, como o estabelecimento de prioridades, maior alocação de fundos e aprimoramento do treinamento dos pesquisadores em metodologia e desenhos de pesquisa.

While in principle exact, Kohn–Sham density functional theory—the workhorse of computational chemistry—must rely on approximations for the exchange–correlation functional. Despite staggering successes, present‐day approximations still struggle when the effects of electron–electron correlation play a prominent role. The limit in which the electronic Coulomb repulsion completely dominates the exchange–correlation functional offers a well‐defined mathematical framework that provides insight for new approximations able to deal with strong correlation. In particular, the mathematical structure of this limit, which is now well‐established thanks to its reformulation as an optimal transport problem, points to the use of very different ingredients (or features) with respect to the traditional ones used in present approximations. We focus on strategies to use these new ingredients to build approximations for computational chemistry and highlight future promising directions. This article is categorized under:Electronic Structure Theory > Density Functional Theory [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Brazilian scientific output exhibited a 4-fold increase in the last two decades because of the stability of the investment in research and development activities and of changes in the policies of the main funding agencies. Most of this production is concentrated in public universities and research institutes located in the richest part of the country. Among all areas of knowledge, the most productive are Health and Biological Sciences. During the 1998-2002 period these areas presented heterogeneous growth ranging from 4.5% (Pharmacology) to 191% (Psychiatry), with a median growth rate of 47.2%. In order to identify and rank the 20 most prolific institutions in these areas, searches were made in three databases (DataCAPES, ISI and MEDLINE) which permitted the identification of 109,507 original articles produced by the 592 Graduate Programs in Health and Biological Sciences offered by 118 public universities and research institutes. The 20 most productive centers, ranked according to the total number of ISI-indexed articles published during the 1998-2003 period, produced 78.7% of the papers in these areas and are strongly concentrated in the Southern part of the country, mainly in São Paulo State.

OBJECTIVE: To assess the extent of mental health scientific production in Brazil from 1999 to 2003, and to identify the nature of the publications generated, their sources of finance and the ways of publicly disseminating the research findings. METHODS: Searches for publications were conducted in the Medline and PsychInfo databases for the period 1999-2003. A semi-structured questionnaire developed by an international team was applied to 626 mental health researchers, covering each interviewee's educational background, research experience, access to funding sources, public impact and research priorities. The sample was composed by 626 mental health researchers identified from 792 publications indexed on Medline and PsychInfo databases for the period above, and from a list of reviewers of Revista Brasileira de Psiquiatria. RESULTS: In Brazil, 792 publications were produced by 525 authors between 1999 and 2003 (441 indexed in Medline and 398 in the ISI database). The main topics were: depression (29.1%), substance misuse (14.6%), psychoses (10%), childhood disorders (7%) and dementia (6.7%). Among the 626 Brazilian mental health researchers, 329 answered the questionnaire. CONCLUSIONS: There were steadily increasing numbers of Brazilian articles on mental health published in foreign journals from 1999 to 2003: the number of articles in Medline tripled and it doubled in the ISI database. The content of these articles corresponded to the priorities within mental health, but there is a need for better interlinking between researchers and mental health policymakers.

The objective of this descriptive study was to map mental health research in Brazil, providing an overview of infrastructure, financing and policies mental health research. As part of the Atlas-Research Project, a WHO initiative to map mental health research in selected low and middle-income countries, this study was carried out between 1998 and 2002. Data collection strategies included evaluation of governmental documents and sites and questionnaires sent to key professionals for providing information about the Brazilian mental health research infrastructure. In the year 2002, the total budget for Health Research was US$101 million, of which US$3.4 million (3.4) was available for Mental Health Research. The main funding sources for mental health research were found to be the São Paulo State Funding Agency (Fapesp, 53.2%) and the Ministry of Education (CAPES, 30.2%). The rate of doctors is 1.7 per 1,000 inhabitants, and the rate of psychiatrists is 2.7 per 100,000 inhabitants estimated 2000 census. In 2002, there were 53 postgraduate courses directed to mental health training in Brazil (43 in psychology, six in psychiatry, three in psychobiology and one in psychiatric nursing), with 1,775 students being trained in Brazil and 67 overseas. There were nine programs including psychiatry, neuropsychiatry, psychobiology and mental health, seven of them implemented in Southern states. During the five-year period, 186 students got a doctoral degree (37 per year) and 637 articles were published in Institute for Scientic Information (ISI)-indexed journals. The investment channeled towards postgraduate and human resource education programs, by means of grants and other forms of research support, has secured the country a modest but continuous insertion in the international knowledge production in the mental health area.

The objective of the present survey was to assess the Brazilian scientific production in psychiatry, psychobiology, and mental health during the 1998-2002 period. The universities' graduate programs concentrate the vast majority of the scientific production in Brazil. We assessed the annual reports from the graduate programs to the Brazilian Ministry of Education concerning master's and doctoral theses and the articles published in journals indexed by the Institute of Scientific Information (ISI). There are nine Master's and Doctoral graduate programs dedicated to research in psychiatry, neuropsychiatry, psychobiology, and mental health in the country, seven being located in southern states. During the 5-year period, from 1998 to 2002, 186 students received their doctorate degree (37/year). The programs published 637 articles in journals indexed by ISI, the majority of them in journals with an impact factor higher than 2. The research advisors' productivity varied among graduate programs, ranging from 0.6 to 2.0 articles per year in ISI-indexed journals. Despite the substantial barriers faced by the Brazilian scientific community (mainly financial and writing difficulties), Brazil's scientific mental health production is on the rise. The number of articles published in ISI-indexed journals has doubled without a significant increase in the number of graduate theses, suggesting that there was an improvement in both the quality of the scientific production and the productivity of the graduate programs. Based on these data, it is reasonable to predict a tendency to an increase in production over the next few years.

This paper compares and contrasts a number of international approaches to the hydraulic control of surface water runoff from new development and redevelopment, known as sustainable drainage systems (SuDS) or low impact development (LID). The paper provides a commentary on the progress and current status of national standards for SuDS in the UK to control the frequency, flow rate and volume of runoff from both frequent and extreme rainfall events, and the best practice design criteria presented in the revised UK CIRIA SuDS Manual, published in November 2015. The paper then compares these design criteria and standards with those developed and applied in China, USA, France and Germany and also looks at the drivers behind their development. The benefits of these different approaches are assessed in the context of flood risk mitigation, climate resilience and wider environmental protection objectives, including water quality, morphology and ecology. The paper also reviews the design approaches promoted by the new SuDS Manual and internationally for delivering additional benefits for urban spaces (such as recreation, visual character, education and economic growth) through multi-functional urban design.

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Abstract Background The aim of this paper is to assess the mental health system in Brazil in relation to the human resources and the services available to the population. Methods The World Health Organization Assessment Instrument for Mental Health Systems (WHO AIMS) was recently applied in Brazil. This paper will analyse data on the following sections of the WHO-AIMS: a) mental health services; and b) human resources. In addition, two more national datasets will be used to complete the information provided by the WHO questionnaire: a) the Executive Bureau of the Department of Health (Datasus); and b) the National Register of Health Institutions (CNS). Results There are 6003 psychiatrists, 18,763 psychologists, 1985 social workers, 3119 nurses and 3589 occupational therapists working for the Unified Health System (SUS). At primary care level, there are 104,789 doctors, 184, 437 nurses and nurse technicians and 210,887 health agents. The number of psychiatrists is roughly 5 per 100,000 inhabitants in the Southeast region, and the Northeast region has less than 1 psychiatrist per 100,000 inhabitants. The number of psychiatric nurses is insufficient in all geographical areas, and psychologists outnumber other mental health professionals in all regions of the country. The rate of beds in psychiatric hospitals in the country is 27.17 beds per 100,000 inhabitants. The rate of patients in psychiatric hospitals is 119 per 100,000 inhabitants. The average length of stay in mental hospitals is 65.29 days. In June 2006, there were 848 Community Psychosocial Centers (CAPS) registered in Brazil, a ratio of 0.9 CAPS per 200,000 inhabitants, unequally distributed in the different geographical areas: the Northeast and the North regions having lower figures than the South and Southeast regions. Conclusion The country has opted for innovative services and programs, such as the expansion of Psychosocial Community Centers and the Return Home program to deinstitutionalize long-stay patients. However, services are unequally distributed across the regions of the country, and the growth of the elderly population, combined with an existing treatment gap is increasing the burden on mental health care. This gap may get even wider if funding does not increase and mental health services are not expanded in the country. There is not yet a good degree of integration between primary care and the mental health teams working at CAPS level, and it is necessary to train professionals to act as mental health planners and as managers. Research on service organization, policy and mental health systems evaluation are strongly recommended in the country. There are no firm data to show the impact of such policies in terms of community service cost-effectiveness and no tangible indicators to assess the results of these policies.

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In this paper we study theoretical properties of the entropy-transport functional with repulsive cost functions. We provide sufficient conditions for the existence of a minimizer in a class of metric spaces and prove the Γ -convergence of the entropy-transport functional to a multi-marginal optimal transport problem with a repulsive cost. We point out that our construction can deal with the case when the space X is a domain in R d , answering a question raised in Benamou et al. (Numer Math 142:33–54, 2019). Finally, we also prove the entropy-regularized version of the Kantorovich duality. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]