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This special issue explores the shifting landscape of global middle‐class migration within and from East Asia by taking the relationship between mobility, parenting ideals and changing educational desires as its focus. Contributions explore how East Asian middle‐class families balance the emergent emphasis on their children's well‐being with the demands of global competitiveness as these often‐antagonistic desires are projected onto old and new migration destinations against the background of global geopolitical and economic power shifts. Instead of reifying the simplistic binary of hierarchical, achievement‐oriented East Asian 'Confucian educational norms' versus democratic, well‐being‐focussed Western ideals, the contributions offer a nuanced understanding of how these educational ideals coexist within the social, cultural, political and economic contexts of families. By carefully assessing the dialectically entwined intimate experiences of parents and children, the articles collected here set out to broaden our understanding of how middle‐class families in Singapore, South Korea, Japan and China attempt to negotiate the tension between prioritizing children's happiness and maintaining global competitiveness result in a variety of strategies from migrating to less obvious international destinations to crafting domestic alternatives. Taken together, the articles reveal consistent patterns of middle‐class migration and child‐rearing decisions that contest and reshape conventional notions of success, attesting to a shift in global middle‐class migration trends and to the importance of child‐rearing in migratory decisions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article examines how middle-class families from China are using 'golden visa' investment schemes to settle in Portugal and Hungary to pursue postmaterial motivations: instead of seeking capital accumulation, they set out in search of a more meaningful life and improve their quality of life by securing less stressful education for their children. By reviewing lifestyle migration literature, we introduce the concept of 'lifestyle exiles' which shifts the perspective from narratives of leisure to narratives of escape. We base our argumentation on qualitative research conducted with Chinese golden visa migrants in Lisbon and Budapest, as we analyse their aspirations to move. Our findings suggest the need to understand lifestyle migration from an 'exile' perspective which enables us to theorise these privileged middle-class families as 'educational exiles'. In the conclusion, we revisit the notion of lifestyle exiles, discussing its potential contribution for migration theory. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper analyses whether the Portuguese language spoken by young people from the Community of Portuguese-speaking Countries in Portugal involves dimensions of social inclusion or exclusion. It employs an interdisciplinary approach (with concepts from sociology and linguistics), and a qualitative methodology in the shape of thirty-three interviews with young people from Brazil and Portuguese-speaking countries in Africa living in the Portuguese municipality of Sintra. While 'speaking Portuguese' facilitates the integration of these young people, their inclusion is also hindered by the coexistence of this language with other native languages in the case of Africans, and by the use of standard Brazilian Portuguese in the case of Brazilians. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Since the 2010s, Portugal has experienced a considerable growth in the number of Chinese international students, who have been attracted by the country's image of tolerance and openness for diversity. However, as it was reported in other contexts, throughout the health crisis, these students were blatantly confronted with racial microaggressions in their daily routines inside and outside their higher education institutions' facilities. Drawing on evidence from 30 in-depth interviews conducted with Chinese international students in Portugal and following a thematic analysis approach, this paper analyses how they frame and perceive their encounters with racism in their daily lives during the pandemic. We argue that Chinese international students resort on distinct discursive strategies to negotiate their encounters with racism during their sojourns in Portugal throughout the health crisis and to negate their "otherness" as a racial minority in the country. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The idea that the acquisition of and proficiency in non-hegemonic languages can be pivotal to international student mobility has thus far been insufficiently addressed. In this paper, we draw on 23 in-depth interviews with Chinese students to explore this question, showing how the perception of Portuguese-language learning and practice at Lusophone Higher Education Institutions (e.g., in Portugal, Macao, Angola, and Brazil) represents a decisive trigger for studying abroad, and an alternative strategy for acquiring linguistic capital in a non-dominant language in which skills can be converted into competitive resources on future professional paths. We conclude by arguing for the need to address this blind spot in transnational student mobilities, and by positioning "language acquisition and proficiency" as a structuring dimension, not just of the processes by which students decide to move, but also of their imaginaries of preparedness for their future career trajectories. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

While academic research has focused on binational marriages (i.e., marriages between partners of different national origins), transnational divorce is still under‐researched in the field of migration and family studies. Drawing on qualitative data, this paper analyses the testimonies of Brazilian and Cape Verdean migrant women concerning their experiences of marriage and divorce from Portuguese partners. We adopt an intersectional approach to highlight how some central categories—gender, social class and migration status—influence their agency and consequences of marital disruption. Contrary to studies in which migrant women are victimised after divorce, our results reveal that, for these women, marital dissolution is an empowering strategy to end up their unhappy marriages. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista Práxis Educativa is the property of Revista Praxis Educativa and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Revista Crítica de Ciências Sociais is the property of Centro de Estudos Sociais and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

In 2011, Portugal launched a residence permit programme to attract foreign investment from non‐EU citizens, with Chinese business migrants representing those taking most advantage of this initiative. This paper analyses this policy measure and assesses its social consequences, as a new way that Chinese migrants have to enter Portugal. Firstly, we characterise this programme by identifying its principles and legal requirements, using official data from 2012 to 2018. We then describe the emergence of this type of residence permit as a response to the financial crisis of 2011, and as part of a neoliberal political rationality that has guided a governance model since this time. Next, we characterise the profile of Chinese citizens who benefit from this initiative and claim residence permits on the basis of their economic power. Finally, we discuss the social and political implications of this kind of entrance to Portugal, to provide some insights for policymakers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Chinese immigrants have grown in number in Portugal over decades to become one of the most representative communities in the country. This phenomenon raises crucial questions about the settlement and labour integration of first-generation immigrants and their descendants. One important issue involves understanding the position of Chinese descendants in the labour market, and whether they follow the same professional pathway than their parents. Applying qualitative data, this article addresses the participation of Chinese descendants in the Portuguese job market, paying particular attention to the entrepreneurial activities developed by young Chinese adults. The results point to emerging professional activities interlinked with Golden Visa related businesses in the wake of investment policies launched in Portugal after 2011. This article documents a new dimension to Chinese employment, mainly dominated by Chinese descendants who profit from their in-between social positions to mediate highly skilled services amid Chinese business migrants and the Portuguese society. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Sociologia, Problemas e Práticas is the property of Centro de Investigacao e Estudos de Sociologia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Some scholars have hypothesized that social integration in the European Union (EU) is a trigger for bi-national European marriages. Although this idea has been the motivation behind some research, empirical evidence shows that the effect of accession to the EU has had a limited effect on partner choice. This study aims to add to the knowledge on this issue by analysing the trends and patterns of marriages between Portuguese and non-Portuguese citizens between 1997 and 2011. We conducted bivariate and multivariate analyses using official data on marriages that took place in Portugal, with the results showing that bi-national European marriages remained stable throughout the period, although some nuances are evident depending on the type of marriage. While Portuguese-EU15 marriages declined over time, those between native Portuguese and other Europeans increased. Gender differences determined the development and composition of these marriages. This article also notes the existence of three distinct types of bi-national union: labour, recomposed and highly educated couples. The final part of the article seeks to explain and interpret the findings, specifically by focusing on the increase in cohabitation as a functional substitute for bi-national European marriage, the need to compare and combine the number of marriages in both spouses' countries, and changes in the structure of the Portuguese matrimonial market due to the arrival of new social groups (e.g. Brazilian and Eastern European). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The number of Chinese migrants settling in Portugal has been growing since the 1980s, and more rapidly since the turn of the century. However, studies focusing on these immigrants are still scarce and do not consider their diversity, including their different origins -- essentially Macao, Mozambique, and China itself. The aim of this paper is to update the existing literature on Chinese migration to Portugal, particularly by looking at the immigrants' diversity as a group (Macanese, Chinese Mozambicans, economic migrants, students, and business migrants). Additionally, data from the 2011 Census is analyzed for Chinese economic migrants in terms of the light it can shed on some dimensions related not only to their migratory paths, family contexts and labor market but particularly to their professional and economic strategies. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Sociologia, Problemas e Práticas is the property of Centro de Investigacao e Estudos de Sociologia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The aim of this article is to develop a comparative analysis on the evolution of divorces in national and bi-national couples living in Portugal between 2001- 2010. The article starts by critically revising previous studies on divorce in binational couples, to then analyze its evolution during the decade 2001-2010. As such, we will focus on the structure of divorce having into account different social and family profiles, the level of education and the professional context of the spouses. At a final stage, we will critically summarize the results found here and suggest future lines of research. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Sociologia, Problemas e Práticas is the property of Centro de Investigacao e Estudos de Sociologia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)