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The Oxford Times ran a headline in May 1896 that stated in bold capitals 'STRANGE DEATH OF A HINDOO', detailing the circumstances of the death of Baboo Mookhi Singh, who, it seems, was the first (known) Indian grocer in Oxford. While today, the pioneering research by Rozina Visram related to the presence of Asians in Britain, that of Antoinette Burton in the late-Victorian period, or Michael Fisher's work on counterflows to colonialism, is not new, the majority of research regarding the presence of Indians in the British Isles is either scant for this period of time, or related to ayahs and lascars, or to poets, intellectuals, and aristocrats, with considerable research also related to the Indian military. The majority of times, that research has also focused solely on London. The originality of this research paper provides material heretofore undocumented related to an early settler in Oxford from India (1880s–1890s): Baboo Mookhi Singh (1867–1893), Oxford's first grocer, and tea importer from India. He originated from Benaras (Varanasi) and arrived in Britain, where he set up a business in the centre of Oxford. However, what he encountered there was name-calling, verbal as well as physical harassment, and ultimately his death in strange circumstances. He seemingly came alone, although his import business, which boasted the best tea not only in Oxford, but in the whole country, was run by the 'Singh Brothers' (his brother remaining in India). While Singh most certainly travelled via the Suez Canal to Britain, the country to which he was travelling would have been both familiar and unfamiliar to him. However, due to the lack of resources available, all too often common people, such as Singh, have been neglected. In this article, newspaper reports and material from the numerous trials (mostly initiated by Singh against the local people and his immediate neighbours) are brought together, as well as the coroner's reports, and the police notes to determine Singh's struggle for recognition, and his attempt at resistance. This paper documents his struggle for cultural/geographic space, to redress the imbalance of power, and gain agency. Despite his attempts at resilience, he did, in the end, die. However, Singh was a pioneer in a struggle for power, a stand for resistance, and how the law perceived him, in his difference, changing the community around him, albeit on a small scale. It is a telling story that resurfaces an early Indian settler in Britain, his alterity in Victorian society, and the latter's attitudes towards race. It steps outside of the traditional image of the empire at home, in Britain, in everyday life. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Social media and firm applications are two mobile service marketing mechanisms that rely on push or pull promotions to be effective. Literature, however, has yet to uncover how the promotions may complement each other when purposefully implemented. Our study examines this possibility in the grocery industry over three months. First, we create and manage a supermarket's Instagram profile, posting to the account (push promotion). Next, we compare performance measures with a third-party mobile app (pull promotion), which provides aggregated customer views and access to the supermarket profile. A time-series analysis reveals a sequential chain from push promotion to pull promotion to performance, the temporal effect of a push to pull, and the mediating effect from push to pull to purchase with an elasticity of.23. Results are important to those balancing push and pull promotional efforts and those involved with digital marketing and promotion in retailing. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study specifies the lessons from a development program for suppliers implemented for more than 10 years by an international coffee trader with small-scale producers in Mexico, to fulfill the voluntary sustainability standards (VSS) required by their most demanding markets. The information was obtained in the year 2021, through semi-structured surveys, with a random sample of coffee growers (n=54), interviews with technical advisers (n=8), and operating staff (n=6) of the company. The information was analyzed with a mixed approach, to characterize the program and estimate the differential costs and benefits for the company and its suppliers. Results show that the implementation of the program required investing to develop a more complex and costly grocer's structure than purchases in the open market; however, the yields per hectare increased with the technical advice and better prices were attained from complying with the VSS. Thus, the trader stockpiled close to 2,400 additional tons of green coffee annually and managed to increase its profit in close to $7.4 million USD per year, with an estimated differential annual cost of $1.1 million USD. Likewise, coffee growers increased their income 1.7 times compared to a scenario without the program. The defining factor of these results is the presence of a "trailblazing company" with access to dynamic and solvent markets, which designed a mutual profit scheme with the small-scale producers and financed it with a vision in the medium term. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Retailers use artificial intelligence (AI) to serve customers better. This study examines the role of chatbots in shaping attitudes of customers relating to usefulness, usability, and trust when shopping for groceries online. Automated conversational agents, or chatbots, not only understand customers, but also provide them product knowledge, and promote behavioral change. Chatbots, automated and cost-effective as they are, provide efficient first-level support because a human employee cannot answer the whole range of customer questions round the clock. For Analysis, Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) with the AMOS analysis programme version 23 is used in this investigation. The online questionnaire was circulated via Google forms (N-375) promoted on social media to respondents who are at least 18 years of age and have completed online transactions, selecting them using a sampling quota in the survey procedure. A novel model will be tested and compared to prior research. According to the study's findings, attitudes are significantly influenced by usefulness, usability, and trust, whereas attitudes have a major impact on decisions. However, it appears that trust has little impact on consumers' views about online purchasing. This conclusion could be yet more support for previous research that consistently claims that trust affects customer purchases. In the case of online purchasing, not only is the trust element important for customers to make a choice, but it also matters more than the attitude factor because attitude is a product of many different aspects. Significantly consumer confidence in internet retailers is the factor that most affects attitude. The quantitative investigation revealed that a deep majority of respondents were apprehensive about employing AI and online-retail (e-retail) chatbots, primarily due to concerns about their accuracy and security, but would like to seek the advice of chatbots for informative purposes. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: Consumers worldwide are increasingly ordering groceries from grocery delivery platforms (GDPs). This study aimed to explore the role of brick-and-mortar (B&M) retailers and GDPs in online grocery shopping (OGS) experience, attitude and continuous purchase intention under the platform model of online grocery retailing. Design/methodology/approach: This study used a mixed method approach. A qualitative analysis was conducted based on 30 in-depth interviews and relevant literature to identify key attributes of the OGS experience. Then, data from 352 online grocery shoppers was used to examine the associations between service attributes, attitude and continuous purchase intention using a structural equation model. Findings: The authors identified six key attributes of the OGS experience related to B&M retailers and GDPs. The quantitative study results showed that customer service, price value and instant delivery significantly impact attitude towards GDPs, while product quality, product assortment, customer service, price value and attitude toward GDPs positively impact online attitude toward B&M retailers. Online attitude toward B&M retailers significantly influences continuous purchase intention. Practical implications: B&M retailers and GDPs should strengthen cooperation and joint oversight. Originality/value: This study identified key attributes of the OGS experience associated with B&M retailers and GDPs under the platform model, giving a comprehensive understanding of the relationship between the OGS experience and behavioural intention when B&M retailers collaborate with GDPs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revista FACE is the property of Universidad de Pamplona and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Grocery retailers have a large amount of societally relevant data on food purchases in their databases, which they have traditionally used merely for marketing purposes. However, despite the potential, the data have so far been rarely used in sustainability‐related research. This study addresses a key sustainability challenge—the reduction of food waste—by using retailers' customer data and a questionnaire. This paper's purpose is to identify and analyse household food waste segments and discuss their actual purchasing behaviour patterns. By doing so, we also illustrate and exemplify the potential use of customer loyalty card data to address global challenges related to food at the consumer level. The study utilizes an extensive data set of food purchases together with a survey of self‐reported reasons for food waste in households. Utilizing cluster analysis, Phase 1 identifies six household segments: no food waste; trust in date labels; safety first; occasional wasters; overpurchasers and overpreparers; and family first. These segments differ in their sociodemographic and purchase profiles. In Phase 2, these segments' purchasing behaviour is examined further by applying tree‐based methods. This study contributes to food waste research and studies on sustainable retailing. It also has practical implications for how retailers can facilitate household food waste reduction. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper diachronically analyses code-switching and language maintenance and shift between Latin and French, on the one hand, and English, on the other hand, in the earliest business accounts of the Grocers' livery company during medieval London. Linguistic methods used here have been successfully applied to manuscripts of another company: the Mercers of London. The new findings, first, confirm that the earlier the account was recorded, the more present Latin and French are, whereas the later the account was kept, the more present English is; however, second, they reveal an unnoticed period of code-switching into Latin and French before English monolingualism, whose evolution stages seem to occur in reverse order. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: This study aims to enhance the understanding of impulse buying in grocery stores, where such purchases are pervasive and consumers face greater decision fatigue and diminished willpower than in more frequently examined retail environments. The intent is to demonstrate the influence of variables known to affect impulse buying in other environments on grocery shopping behavior, identify and profile segments that vary along those constructs and reveal how those segment characteristics help to explain impulse buying differences. Design/methodology/approach: A purposive sample of 234 grocery shoppers approached at the point of purchase in a metropolitan area in Northeastern USA completed scales for theoretically derived variables and reported on their impulse purchases. Findings: Anxiety, perceived financial pressure (PFP), novelty/variety seeking and shopping enjoyment positively influenced, whereas need for cognition had a negative effect on impulse-purchase activity. Two distinct segments of impulse buyers emerged: anxious and innovative shoppers. Anxious shoppers were higher in anxiety, PFP and compulsive buying, whereas innovative shoppers had higher levels of need for cognition and novelty/variety seeking. Originality/value: The evidence for the dominance of anxiety and novelty/variety seeking as key motivators of distinct segments of impulse buyers in grocery stores is unique to this study. Results yield new insight on tension between the effects of motivational variables on the immediate impulse buying decision and post-purchase evaluation and add precision to marketers' efforts to encourage spontaneous in-store decision-making. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Online grocery shopping has become significantly more popular amid the Covid-19 pandemic. That said, the online grocery market in many European countries is still taking shape and further service developments are needed to meet consumers' changing and increasing expectations. Based on an analysis of 412 regular online grocery shoppers' suggestions for service quality improvements, eight categories of improvements were identified. Ranked according to the frequency by which they were mentioned, the top four categories were: (1) broad and specialized assortment, (2) delivery time and flexibility, (3) lower delivery costs and more pricing options, and (4) the user interface and search efficiency. The study contributes relevantly to a better understanding of what the online grocery retailers should prioritize in their service development to meet the changing expectations of a crucially important customer segment, the regular shoppers. Implications for online grocers and limitations of the study are discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Retailers continue to struggle to improve product on-shelf availability (OSA). Stockouts generate significant profitability and reputation effects. This research utilizes an online survey of 1,399 U.S. adults self-reporting their reaction to a stockout of a grocery item they regularly buy. Findings indicate that perceptions of private label purchase riskiness were related to switching stores in response to stockouts. When confronted with a stockout, shoppers who patronized multiple stores each week and those manifesting short-term orientations were more likely to switch stores than buy a substitute. The switch-stores reaction was linked to three demographic attributes: race, households with children, and gender. Nonwhites were more likely to switch stores than purchase a substitute and women and households with children were less likely to switch stores than purchase a substitute. This research concludes with a discussion of options that food retailers could deploy tactics to help reduce the harmful effects of stockouts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Ataturk Arastirma Merkezi Dergisi is the property of Ataturk Arastirma Merkezi Dergisi and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Purpose: This paper identifies, configures and analyses a solution aimed at increasing the efficiency of in-store picking for e-grocers and combining the traditional store-based option with a warehouse-based logic (creating a back area dedicated to the most required online items). Design/methodology/approach: The adopted methodology is a multi-method approach combining analytical modelling and interviews with practitioners. Interviews were performed with managers, whose collaboration allowed the development and application of an empirically-grounded model, aimed to estimate the performances of the proposed picking solution in its different configurations. Various scenarios are modelled and different policies are evaluated. Findings: The proposed solution entails time benefits compared to traditional store-based picking for three main reasons: lower travel time (due to the absence of offline customers), lower retrieval time (tied to the more efficient product allocation in the back) and lower time to manage stock-outs (since there are no missing items in the back). Considering the batching policies, order picking is always outperformed by batch and zone picking, as they allow for the reduction of the average travelled distance per order. Conversely, zone picking is more efficient than batch picking when demand volumes are high. Originality/value: From an academic perspective, this work proposes a picking solution that combines the store-based and warehouse-based logics (traditionally seen as opposite/alternative choices). From a managerial perspective, it may support the definition of the picking process for traditional grocers that are offering – or aim to offer – e-commerce services to their customers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The aim of the article is to pinpoint how 16th-century biblical drama tried to appropriate its genre and medium to carry the reformist message and in what sense the project turned out to be a self-defeating one. The analysis of selected plays from reformed biblical cycles (The Chester Mystery Cycle, play iv; and “The Norwich Grocers’ Play”) and newly composed drama (John Bale’s plays, Lewis Wager’s Life and Repentaunce of Marie Magdalene, the anonymous “History of Jacob and Esau”), supported with an overview of the criticism on the matter, reveals some common tensions in the dramatic texts which may have had their roots in the reformist need to eliminate any room for doubt that a theatrical performance could leave. The conclusion is that, in its attempts at striking the right balance between dramatizing and overt sermonizing, engaging and distancing, as well as providing an immersive experience and discouraging it, post-Reformation Scripture-based drama oscillated between being more effective as a performance or as a carrier of the doctrinal message, with the resulting tendency to subvert either the former or the latter. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The Marseilles ship, the Peter and Paul, became the object of a bitter dispute that internationalized an incident involving the royal courts of England, France, Portugal and Spain. At the time it was something of a cause célèbre that preoccupied the court, Privy Council and High Court of Admiralty. The significance of the ship's detention lies not so much in the incident itself but in the events surrounding it and the light it sheds on competing and conflicting jurisdictions involving the Westminster and Dublin governments. It reveals much about the bitter factionalism at the royal court which involved the Pembrokeshire magnate Sir John Perrot and Walter Devereux, earl of Essex. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

During COVID‐19 lockdown, individuals were asked to leave their home only to meet the most urgent needs, such as grocery purchases and medical emergencies. This study aimed to know the consumers' health safety practices and their concerns toward grocery shopping and to know their adoption of healthier food as a result of the outbreak. An online survey was conducted during the second month of the COVID‐19 lockdown. This study includes 212 respondents. Appropriate statistical tools were used to analyze the data. The findings of the study revealed that females were ahead compared to males in pursuing health safety practices during grocery shopping, but the frequency of following physical distancing for both males and females was not up to the mark. The most important concern about grocery shopping was fear of unavailability of stocks and fear of getting infected from grocery storekeepers. It was also found that, compared to earlier, people had reduced their frequency of grocery shopping and tried to shop quickly and efficiently. People bought more packaged foods and also made purchases from brands that were new to them. As a result of the COVID‐19 pandemic, the adoption of healthier food habits varied significantly with gender, age, and household income of the respondents. This study indicates that there is a need to raise awareness among people on how to shop safely in grocery stores and that good hygiene practice should be followed in grocery stores to mitigate the risk of infection to consumers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

English regained its position as the preferred base language of administrative record to the detriment of Latin and French in England at the end of the fourteenth and the beginning of the fifteenth century. Henry V has been traditionally considered as one of the main sources of the shift to vernacular official writing in other official institutions of a diverse nature. Historical sociolinguistic network research has attempted to establish a direct connection between the king's Signet Office and the Grocers' and the Brewers' London livery companies, as far as their respective use of English is concerned. The article evaluates the validity of this particular case study by focussing on the underexplored micro-level of ties and social networks between individuals potentially involved in the process of innovation and early adoption of English in the different types of records. The research outcome supports the hypothesis that Robert Chicheley was the loose-knit linguistic innovator and bridge responsible for introducing the use of English into the London Grocers' and the London Brewers' archives, a change which subsequently percolated through the tight-knit networks of grocer-wardens and brewer-administrators in charge of keeping their companies' records during the Late Middle Ages. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The purpose of this study is to examine the direct and indirect impacts of price verification and product display on satisfaction of online grocery shoppers and their online repatronage intention via customer loyalty in the presence of social influence and perceived risk. It checks for the effect of gender and marital status on the relationships. A questionnaire-based survey collected data from 458 customers of online grocery stores. The findings show that price verification and product display are important for assortment satisfaction; assortment satisfaction influences overall satisfaction; overall satisfaction influences customer loyalty and online repatronage intention. There is evidence of significant interaction effect between price verification and gender, the presence of price verification decreases both product display and assortment satisfaction for both males and females. A new input output framework is developed by extending the input by including price verification, product display, social influence and perceived risk. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study aims to recognize the factor effecting impulse buying behaviour with the mediation effect of payment facility. This study is based on primary data and data collected from Hyderabad Division of Sindh, Pakistan through adopted questionnaire. Number of respondents were 200 females who are engaged in impulse buying in supermarkets such as Baig Mart, Dawood Super Market, Max Bachat Super Market and Grocers. The store atmosphere and promotional activity are mediated by payment facility for impulse buying behaviour and partial mediation effect used. However, promotional activity revealed more important for impulse buying behaviour due to higher beta value than store atmosphere. In the previous research scholars explored the direct impact of promotional activity and store atmosphere. However, this study checked indirect effect in presence of mediator payment facility. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The US economy has undergone major macro disruption since the mid-1990s. Focusing on the retail grocery sector, this paper aims to compare the divergent strategies and outcomes of three key players to identify strategies that work vs those that do not during turbulent times, relevant to other sectors as well. Design/methodology/approach: Using the S&P 500 from 1996 to 2019 as a case selection method, the paper compares A&P, which died in 2015, one of just 12 of the original 500 companies to do so during the period; Kroger, which has held strong and has stayed on the S&P 500 list throughout the period; and Whole Foods, the only grocer to rise onto the list during the period, dropped in 2017 when it was bought by Amazon. Findings: A key differentiator separating A&P from Kroger and Whole Foods is relentless pursuit of customer satisfaction. This may seem axiomatic but is too often lost under investor pressures for short-term gains. Practical implications: Successful companies view such pursuit as an ongoing process requiring continual evolution even reinvention as customers' preferences and expectations change. Related to this is the need to maintain an ongoing focus on creating value for customers, as well as for the employees, suppliers and other key stakeholders who shape the customer experience. Finally, to maintain such a focus, companies must also commit to long-term investment not just short-term profits or gains for shareholders. Originality/value: The use of the S&P data as a case selection method frames the cases in context of the broader US economy and provides a strong foundation for comparing companies with diverse strategies and outcomes while facing the same macro disruptions and uncertainties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background : The Greater Pittsburgh Community Food Bank (GPCFB) developed the Green Grocer mobile food market to address limited access to fresh, affordable food options in local communities. GPCFB and researchers from the University of Pittsburgh established a partnership for Green Grocer implementation and evaluation, including application of geospatial techniques to help identify locations of stops for Green Grocer. Objectives : We used geospatial analyses to identify locations in Allegheny County with limited food access as potential stops for the Green Grocer mobile food market. Methods : Using census, county, city, and public health data, we conducted a spatial overlay analysis based on five key metrics: poverty/income rates, Supplemental Nutrition Assistance Program (SNAP) use, obesity rates, grocery/supermarket access, and mass transit access. We first defined our base target areas by finding the intersection of tracts with high rates of poverty, SNAP use, and obesity. To obtain our final recommended target neighborhoods, we then calculated the symmetric difference between these base target areas and areas of low grocery access and transit use. Results : As identified from our overlay analysis, six neighborhoods became the targeted pilot sites for Green Grocer. These particular communities had higher poverty rates than Pittsburgh, Allegheny County, and Pennsylvania averages. A separate pilot evaluation was conducted after the initial sites were selected to examine additional population characteristics and to help determine any modifications to the program. Conclusions : Geospatial overlay analysis identified key locations to help the GPCFB target allocation of fresh food and produce. When used in tandem with other programmatic information and processes, this data-driven approach was essential in the development and identification of distribution of resources. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

We propose and estimate a spatially aggregated discrete‐choice model with overlapping consumer choice sets and demographic‐driven heterogeneity that varies by chain. Our approach avoids the need to define markets ex ante and captures rich substitution patterns, even in the absence of price data. An application to the US grocery industry illustrates the importance of location, format, and the spatial distribution of consumers in shaping the competitive environment. Contrary to conventional wisdom, we find substantial cross‐format competition between supercenters, clubs, and traditional grocers. Finally, we evaluate two representative mergers between supermarket chains to demonstrate how our estimates inform antitrust policy. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Grocery stores in rural, small towns serve as critical access points to healthful foods for their community residents. Yet many struggle to stay in business. In this paper, opportunities and strategies are identified for rural grocery stores through a case study of five locally owned stores in the U.S. rural Midwest. Store information, including prices for market basket items, was collected, and a survey of county residents where stores were located was supplemented with county-level information. Findings reiterate the importance of these rural grocery stores and encourage store owners/managers to continue promoting their relative strengths, to review pricing strategies, and to seek ways for differentiation. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Common private-ordering theories predict that merchants have an incentive to act honestly because if they do not, they will get a bad reputation and their future businesses will suffer. In these theories, cheating is cheating whether the cheat is big or small. But while reputation-based private ordering may constrain the big cheat, it does not necessarily constrain the small cheat because of the difficulty in discovering certain types of low-level cheating and the consequent failure of the disciplining power of reputation. Yet the small cheat presents a significant challenge to modern contracting, both between businesses and in the contracts of adhesion imposed on consumers. To encourage private law scholars to address the unique governance challenges posed by low- level cheating, this Essay describes the conditions under which low-level cheating can flourish and become widespread. It demonstrates this so-called "Cheating Pays" scenario using a historical case study in which a seventeenth-century London grocer, trading under precisely those conditions that private-ordering theories predict will incentivize honesty, not only cheated extensively but also successfully remained in business after having been caught and publicly punished. Identifying the scenarios in which cheating pays has implications for how firms use contracts and how consumers might use the courts to try to reduce opportunistic behavior. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The world of the grocery wholesaler has changed and is continuing to change dramatically. What are the objectives of the marketer in this area? What are his responsibilities and how should he meet them? In discussing these questions as they apply to the food - distribution industry, the author hits upon background, objectives, and responsibilities that apply to other areas of business enterprise as well. He also constructs a "model" grocery wholesaler whose behavior reflects how management could face its responsibilities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

By use of time study and cost analysis, the delivery operations of a Baltimore wholesale grocer were analyzed to determine whether, and to what extent, the costs of these operations might be reduced. It had been previously determined that the efficiency of the firm's wholesaling operations was reasonably representative of other independent wholesalers doing about the same volume of business and serving the same general type of market area. Numerous instances were found of errors in trip routing, inadequate use of delivery equipment, excessive overtime hours by drivers and helpers, and faulty methods of loading and unloading. Specific recommendations were made for reducing or entirely eliminating these causes of high delivery costs. These same kinds of recommendations are equally applicable to other wholesalers as a means of reducing their delivery costs. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Highlights • eWIC reduces time and potential stigma for WIC recipients. • Transition to eWIC increased household WIC benefit redemptions. • Introduction of eWIC had no impact on purchases of other goods. • There is potential for states to partner with grocers to improved WIC redemptions. Abstract Evidence shows that the Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC) is underutilized. WIC enrolls 52.7% of eligible persons and participants claim a fraction of available benefits. Researchers suggest that people underutilize WIC because of the time needed to enroll in and use WIC and because participants may believe that, if others notice them participating in WIC, community members will stigmatize them. Recently enacted policies may reduce both time costs and potential for stigma associated with WIC. Congress mandated that, by 2020, all states disburse WIC benefits through an Electronic Benefits Transfer (eWIC) system. Given that eWIC reduces the time required for each transaction and and makes it more difficult to identify beneficiaries, we expect WIC redemptions to increase. In addition, eWIC might also increase the chance WIC recipients choose non-WIC foods for redemption increasing non-WIC expenditures. To measure the impact of eWIC on WIC redemptions and non-WIC food expenditures we analyze data on grocery expenditures of 11,887 WIC-participating households in one state over the period it implemented eWIC. We find that, after beneficiaries began redeeming WIC benefits through eWIC, spending on non-WIC eligible foods did not change but redemptions of WIC benefits increased. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Using actor-network theory, this essay argues that the Norwich Grocers' Play creates a dramatic network among the city of Norwich, the actors of the play, and the marginal audience members from Norwich and its surrounding countryside when read in light of the Norwich Corporation assembly minute of 1527 and the history of social unrest culminating in Kett's Rebellion of 1549. The staging, costuming, and language of the play all function to ally the audience with the salvation history presented in the play and, in so doing, ensure the continued peace and prosperity of Norwich in the later 1560s despite challenges that could have led to unrest mirroring that experienced in the 1540s. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This study leverages geostatistical analysis and spatial regression to contrast the trade area composition of specialty grocery chains and traditional supermarkets in the United States. In addition to demographic factors, we focus on two dimensions of trade area composition: consumer lifestyles and the competitive landscape. Results suggest that these additional dimensions are influential to differentiate between the trade areas of specialty grocers and traditional supermarkets. Specifically, a 1% increase in the percentage of commuters traveling to work on foot or bicycle in a given trade area corresponds to a 0.31% increase in the probability that the trade area belongs to a specialty grocer rather than a traditional supermarket. Similarly, adding a health and fitness establishment to a trade area leads to a 0.16% increase in the likelihood that the trade area belongs to a specialty grocer rather than a traditional supermarket. Specialty grocers also have a greater probability (1.27%) to locate in more competitive trade areas than traditional supermarkets. Findings from this study provide actionable insights for shopping center landlords and developers who may be interested in attracting specialty grocer tenants. The study may also support grocery chains in designing competitive location strategies and in making real estate decisions. • This study compares specialty grocer trade areas against traditional supermarkets. • Consumer lifestyles, competitive environments, and demographic factors are important. • Specialty grocers tend to locate in trade areas with healthy, active consumers. • Specialty grocers tend to locate in trade areas with higher competitive saturation. • Spatial dependence exists in the location choices of grocery stores. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of European Review of Service Economics & Management / Revue Européenne d'Economie et Management des Services is the property of Classiques Garnier and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Purpose As a result of the growth of the modernization of retailing, small family grocers have suffered because of the disadvantages of their limited operating resources in comparison to those of corporate chain retailers. The purpose of this paper is to use the biological analogy of natural selection to illustrate how the idea of retail coexistence rather than mutually exclusive competition can work to the benefit of small family grocers. The inherent differences between chain retailers and small family grocers are examined and their inherent advantages identified. The appropriate strategies for small family grocers toward the particular market are then proposed.Design/methodology/approach The review of literature is implemented through the lens of biological analogy to identify the inherent advantages of small family grocers over chain retailers. Resource-advantage (R-A) theory is then incorporated to explain the synthesized framework.Findings Size and operational orientation are identified as the inherent differences that small family grocers can utilize to gain some inherent advantages over chain retailers in relation to the proposed segments. The establishment of a personal relationship with the customer is the key inherent advantage that is naturally facilitated by the individual orientation of the small family grocer. Within R-A theory, inherent advantage is seen as a special case of a comparative advantage in resources.Originality/value The different viewpoint inspired by the biological analogy that permits small family grocers to shift their mindset from retail competition to retail coexistence and to re-examine their own inherent advantages to serve the heterogeneous demand of consumers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Major food retail chain groups have historically insisted on exclusive trading rights. However, many developers who had conceded to exclusivity clauses in the 1980s and 1990s are reconsidering the implications of such clauses on their centres, and more specifically the potential effects of excluding a segment of the consumer market by virtue of tenant selection and consumer brand preferences. Legal inquiries ensued, including contract law and the rights of the tenant; common law and the potential effects of denying the consumer access to preferred brands; as well as potential anti-competitive practices by virtue of the exclusion of certain tenants from a shopping centre. The quantifiable impacts of dual or even multiple food grocer anchorage on shopping centre performance are investigated in the present study. Analyses based on comprehensive quantitative trading statistics of specific shopping centre size categories revealed identifiable and positive correlations between multiple food grocer anchorage, on the one hand, and aggregate shopping centre trading densities and foot counts, on the other hand. These findings suggest, first, that the average consumer supports more than one food grocer brand on a weekly basis, and therefore does draw benefit from a shopping centre with multiple food grocer options and prefers such offerings over single grocer centres. Secondly, the shopping centre anchored by a multiple food grocer offering has an enhanced power of attraction and risk mitigation attributes over its single grocer peers. The findings make a unique contribution to the debate about the relative merits of single grocery tenant in South African shopping centres as against the merits of having more than one food grocer anchor and provide shopping centre developers with a methodology for quantifying such effects. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A theoretical model is proposed to disentangle the contribution of brand quality and retailer service quality in explaining brand price differentials across retailers. Two testable hypotheses emerge: (i) for each brand type, price differences across retailers are independent of brand quality differentials and (ii) at a given retailer, price differences between different brand qualities are independent of service quality differentials. Our empirical analysis, for a sample of the U.K. grocery retailer prices, discloses that retailers that offer higher service quality sell same quality brands at higher prices. In particular, service quality premia amount to 6% for national brands and are in the range of 9–15% for low-quality store brands. Besides, at a given retailer, the price premia paid for the national brand are very large: around 150% between national brands and low-quality store brands, and around 40% between national brands and high-quality store brands. Also, the price differential between the national brand and the low-quality store brand does not increase with service quality. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

The aim of the article was to internationally compare the market concentration of grocery retailers in the six countries of Central Europe - Austria, Czech Republic, Germany, Hungary, Poland and Slovakia. The market concentration was measured by CR4 ratio, Herfindahl-Hirschman Index and the GRS index. Data covered the period 2010 - 2015. The secondary data came from the Euromonitor International and Bureau van Dijk databases. The results showed that the market structure of the Central European grocery retailers has mostly a character of asymmetric oligopoly. The pairwise correlation did not reveal any strong relationship between the market power and profitability of the grocery retailers. The Central European grocery market is controlled by strong national retail chains and multinational companies which operate modern grocery retail formats. However, traditional grocery retailers are still popular in Hungary while traditional individual grocers in other countries are disappearing or gradually joining the networking system based on franchising. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A literary criticism is presented which discusses the novella "The Monster," by Stephen Crane, focusing particularly on the minor character of the wealthy grocer John Twelve. Subjects considered include nineteenth-century American literature, the setting of the town of Whilomville, and the symbolic meaning of numbers in the work.

The article lays a foundation by defining poor food access and illustrating with examples from several large cities and discusses the theories about the causes of food access disparity. It also mentions that public health consequences, particularly those for minority communities of color, that flow from the inequity. It also mentions that solution to rebalance the ratio of unhealthy outlets to grocers selling fresh and healthy food by local governments.

Peoples' perceptions of healthy eating are influenced by the cultural context in which they occur. Despite this general acceptance by health practitioners and social scientists, studies suggest that there remains a relative homogeneity around peoples' perceptions that informs a hegemonic discourse around healthy eating. People often describe healthy eating in terms of learned information from sources that reflect societies' norms and values, such as the Canada Food Guide and the ubiquitous phrase 'fruits and vegetables'. Past research has examined how built environments shape people's access to healthy living options, such as distribution of grocers versus convenience stores and fast food restaurants. Often overlooked is an in-depth understanding of how social contexts interact with built environments, molding peoples' perceptions of healthy eating. This paper reports on perceptions of healthy eating in four communities across Alberta, Canada. A photovoice methodology was employed to elicit perceptions of healthy eating with 35 participants. This study illustrates how participants' photographs and their stories convey multiple meanings about healthy eating within their own lives and communities. Findings suggest that a 'local' context is an important part of the discourse centered around the promotion of healthy eating practices in these and potential other communities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Food deserts are associated with lower quality diets and higher obesity rates. One hypothesis for their emergence is that retailers avoid food deserts because demand side factors such as low income limit demand for healthy foods. A competing hypothesis is that supply side factors cause prohibitively high costs of operation for grocers – leading to limited access to healthy foods and thus low expressed demand. The direction of causality has important implications for improving diets and health of food desert residents. This paper analyses Detroit food desert residents’ fresh vegetable purchasing behaviour using data from a non-profit grocer. The evidence confirms that these consumers respond to prices and income similarly to the average American, however, they face a different set of constraints. Both supply and demand side factors are at work – access problems are critical, but even with better access low incomes and other demand side issues limit vegetable consumption. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

This article uses weekly scanner data from two small U.S. cities to characterize time and state dependence of grocers' pricing decisions. In these data, the probability of a nominal adjustment declines with the time since the last price change. A store's price for a particular product typically goes through several price changes in rapid succession before settling down. We also detect state dependence: The probability of a nominal adjustment is highest when a store's price substantially differs from the average of other stores' prices. However, extreme relative prices typically reflect the store's recent changes instead of changes in average prices. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Detroit has long been noted for the difficulties its residents face with basic food provisioning, but after an extended absence, national chain grocery stores are now returning to the city. Whole Foods Market is the first major national corporate grocer to reopen in the city following a period of disinvestment by the sector as a whole going back to the mid-2000s. As the city moves through a series of dramatic political and economic upheavals defined by fiscal crisis, emergency manager control, and the largest municipal Chapter 9 bankruptcy in U.S. history, food has become a focal point for debates over economic and racial inequalities, and contrasting ideals of urban governance in the city. In this research brief, we describe an ethnographic project that examines how concepts of food justice and ethical food relate to urban governance in Detroit. We seek to explore how Whole Foods Market and Detroiters engaged in shopping and activism articulate "just," "good," and "quality" food in ways that imply varying visions of governance for the city, community, and self. We suggest that Detroit's moral economy of food could offer a particularly fruitful venue for understanding divergent visions of the city's future and the relationship between food and politics. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The country-of-origin labeling (COOL) law requires United States grocers to indicate the origin and procurement method (farm-raised or wild-caught) for seafood. This study explored the presentation of COOL on fresh, frozen, packaged, and unpackaged seafood in Baltimore City grocery stores. Eight stores were visited bi-monthly to photograph seafood labels, and circulars were collected weekly from fourteen stores over three months. Ninety-six percent of products were labeled correctly. Forty-eight percent of advertisements included COOL. While in-store labels did not highlight COOL, advertising featured references to domestic and wild-caught seafood, signaling to customers that these are high-value product qualities. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Revue Nouvelle is the property of Revue Nouvelle and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Highlights: [•] A nationwide US survey reveals who is perceived as responsible for the rise in obesity. [•] Eighty percent said individuals were primarily to blame obesity. [•] Fifty-nine percent ascribed primary blame to parents. [•] Manufacturers, grocers, restaurants, government, and farmers received less blame. [•] Political ideology and other demographic factors related to blame attribution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

By reference to period retailing narratives, this paper examines the changed significance of shop window displays for British grocers with the transition from counter-based to self-service from the late 1940s to the 1960s. The 'well-dressed' window showing a selection of goods and price offers became an early casualty of changed retail practices. Opportunities presented by self-service for comprehensive stock displays and in-store promotion proved a decisive challenge to the art of the grocer's window display. These displays had been ubiquitous; large and small shops alike tried to impress passers-by with examples of their stock range. Self-service shops had different internal space requirements and soon it was more important that potential customers could see the well-stocked aisles and activity within. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Österreichische Zeitschrift für Soziologie is the property of Springer Nature and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This study addresses the knowledge gap concerning the demand for fresh fruit in an urban food desert, where healthy foods are scarce by definition. Using register data from a non-profit greengrocer in Detroit—one of America’s largest and most severe food deserts—expenditure and price elasticities of fresh fruits are estimated. The results show that, if urban food desert consumers are given access to normally priced produce of acceptable quality, they will purchase it. Expenditure was found to play a major role in determining fruit demand. The food desert consumers were also found to be more price responsive than the average US consumer. The policy implications are clear: introducing neighbourhood stores providing access to good quality produce at competitive prices could be an important component of increasing fruit consumption. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

This article addresses food quality standards. It suggests that writing on standards creates a flat view of the subject, failing to grasp the richness of the multiple self-organizing practices that shape quality within functioning markets. The article documents the social dimension of quality and the 'quality strategies' developed by fresh-food wholesalers, greengrocers and producers in the Buenos Aires Wholesale Central Market, Argentina. These strategies assemble the freshfood market and construct a representation of quality as an aspect of trade in places where food exchanges are conducted. Using a social interactionist approach, we propose that attention needs to be given to the settings in which food quality standards are negotiated and used by different actors. In so doing we suggest that studies that focus on the diffusion of 'global' quality standards should not omit consideration of differential responses to these standards, even if the conditions appear relatively homogeneous. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article discusses the life of the late Marietta, Ohio, native and entrepreneur Jacob Middleswart (J.M.) Thorniley. According to the article, he was born in the Ohio River Valley near Marietta. The article states that he purchased a grocery business at the age of 19. According to the article, Thorniley sold his grocery business in favor of entering the wholesale fruit and vegetable business. The article also presents genealogical information concerning Thorniley's relatives.

Typically in longitudinal quantitative research, classifications are tracked over time. However, most classifications change in absolute terms in that some die whilst others are created, and in their meaning. There is a need, therefore, to re-think how longitudinal quantitative research might explore both the qualitative changes to classification systems as well as the quantitative changes within each classification. By drawing on the changing classifications of local food retail outlets in the city of York (UK) since the 1950s as an illustrative example, an alternative way of graphing longitudinal quantitative data is presented which ultimately provides a description of both types of change over time. In so doing, this article argues for the increased use of 'dirty data' in longitudinal quantitative analysis, a step which allows for the exploration of both qualitative and quantitative changes to, and within, classification systems. This ultimately challenges existing assumptions relating to the quality and type of data used in quantitative research and how change in the social world is measured in general. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Local food systems are comprised of networks of actors that work to ensure the sustainability of food supplies within communities. While local food has typically been promoted through direct marketing strategies such as farmers' markets and community-supported agriculture (CSA), retail stores are increasingly carrying and marketing local foods in response to consumer demand and market potential. Given the frequency with which consumers shop at grocery stores, as well as the portion of consumers' food purchases made at these locations, these stores may play a significant role in the success of local agriculture and the shaping of ideology about what is ‘local’. We conducted 27 semi-structured interviews with representatives of food retailers known to source and market local foods in the four major urban centers of Oregon's Willamette Valley. Our results reveal that grocers' perceptions of local food vary significantly from one another. Additionally, our results differed in comparison to the published literature on consumers' and producers' ideas of what constitutes local. Food retailers identified varying distances (frequently a region including several states) that they consider local, as well as diverse reasons for choosing to source and market local foods (most commonly supporting the local economy). Some trends in the variation of responses relate to how the size and form of ownership of the grocery stores influence the level at which decisions are made. These wide-ranging perceptions outline many of the realities of the local food movement, as well as opportunities for change. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]