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19 results on '"G. Giacometti"'

1. Post-mortem analysis of the deposit layers on the lower divertor after the 2023 high particle fluence campaign of WEST

Author

C. Martin, M. Diez, E. Bernard, M. Cabié, A. Campos, C. Pardanaud, G. Giacometti, A. Gallo, J. Gaspar, Y. Corre, and E.Tsitrone

Subjects
Nuclear engineering. Atomic power, TK9001-9401
Abstract

We analysed deposits collected on the lower divertor of WEST after the first high fluence campaign performed in 2023. Deposits were collected on the high field side (thick deposition area) of 2 ITER-grade plasma facing units (PFUs), located on different toroidal positions. Using focused ion beam cross sectioning, the deposits were found to be very thick (12–55 µm). A significant difference was observed in the toroidal direction with thicker deposits for the PFU located at the maximal heat load in the inner side, showing a deposition pattern due to the toroidal magnetic field modulation. Deposits present a complex layer-by-layer structure with dense layers, some melted parts and porosities within the layers. The deposition is mainly composed of tungsten with oxygen, boron, carbon and traces of nitrogen whose composition vary along the radial direction. We identified W-rich deposits in the high plasma flux area near the inner strike point and deposits rich in O, B, C and N in the low plasma flux area further away from this strike point. W dense layers of about 5 up to 40 µm thick in the thick deposit area near the strike point were attributed to the high fluence campaign. Pure boron layers resulting from wall conditioning and processed by plasma wall interactions were also observed.

Published
2024
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2. Evolution of pre-damaged ITER grade plasma facing components under WEST plasma exposure: smoothing and tungsten sources

Author

M. Richou, Y. Corre, M. Diez, A. Durif, C. Guillemaut, P. Reilhac, Q. Tichit, E. Tsitrone, D. Dorow-Gerspach, Th. Loewenhoff, M. Wirtz, A. Grosjean, C. Martin, G. Giacometti, A. Aretz, M. Spahn, J. Gaspar, and the WEST Team

Subjects
WEST, plasma wall interaction, damage, tungsten, Nuclear and particle physics. Atomic energy. Radioactivity, QC770-798
Abstract

The evaluation of the impact of plasma-facing units (PFUs) damage on subsequent plasma operation is an important issue for ITER. This is one of the topic addressed by the operation of dedicated PFUs in WEST. From the start of WEST in 2017, few ITER grade divertor PFUs were tested in the lower divertor for short plasma exposure (experimental campaigns C1–C5). A PFU is an assembly of tungsten blocks on CuCrZr tube via pure copper interlayer. Since 2022, WEST operates with a lower divertor fully equipped with ITER grade PFUs (experimental campaign C6–C7) with long duration plasma exposure capabilities. To test the ageing of the ITER-grade PFUs on an accelerated basis, well controlled damage was implemented on purpose with electron beam loading on the plasma facing surface of two different PFUs (pre-damage#1 and #2 featuring different level of damage). Damage tackled in this study is induced by the loading with numerous transient heat loading events to mimic the ELM impact on the ITER grade PFU. This paper presents the damage before and after WEST plasma exposure and shows the tungsten sources and temperature of the block measured during the operation. On damaged area, surface roughening is heterogeneous. With WEST campaigns (C3, C4 and C7) respectively ended in (2018, 2019 and 2023) a global smoothing of the pre-damaged surfaces, in particular those located in the high loaded erosion area, is observed. No evolution of the crack is observed in the electron beam loaded area, while new cracking are observed on non pre-damaged area on the tungsten top surfaces in highly loaded areas (outer strike point) after significant plasma duration and cumulated energy (first observation in C4 and tends to be confirmed with preliminary observations after the C7 campaign). Smoothing is less pronounced after the 2018 campaign, which may be due to the related short plasma duration. The surface smoothing of blocks also depends on their poloidal position. For PFU which has no shaping, toroidal positioning within a block has no influence on the surface smoothing. After 2019 and 2023 campaigns, equivalent relative smoothing is obtained (between 19 and 32%). For the explored plasma conditions, damage has no influence on the maximum brightness of W.

Published
2024
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5. Erosion–deposition mapping of the toroidal pump limiter of Tore Supra

Author

G. Giacometti, E. Gauthier, R. Ruffe, X. Courtois, Cédric Pardanaud, Céline Martin, P. Roubin, H. Roche, S. Panayotis, B. Pégourié, E. Tsitrone, and P. Languille

Subjects
Nuclear and High Energy Physics, Materials science, Scanning electron microscope, Analytical chemistry, chemistry.chemical_element, Mineralogy, Tore Supra, Nuclear Energy and Engineering, chemistry, Transmission electron microscopy, Microscopy, Erosion, Limiter, General Materials Science, Deposition (chemistry), Carbon
Abstract

Analyses of erosion and deposition over the toroidal pump limiter of Tore Supra were performed combining scanning electron microscopy, confocal microscopy and lock-in thermography. The consistency between the different methods allows a complete mapping of the eroded and deposited mass of carbon to be performed. ∼920 g of eroded carbon and ∼520 g of deposited carbon are found, showing that more than half of the eroded carbon is redeposited on the limiter. The highest deposition zones are close to the eroded zones. The gap deposition contribution is estimated at ∼23%, mostly from the erosion zones and with a main contribution from the low field side of the tile toroidal gap surfaces. Raman microscopy and transmission electron microscopy in-depth analyses show that the structure of deposits is non-homogeneous, in agreement with a deuterium impoverishment of the deep layers.

Published
2013
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6. Raman spectroscopy investigation of the H content of heated hard amorphous carbon layers

Author

Cédric Pardanaud, G. Giacometti, Christian Hopf, Thomas Schwarz-Selinger, Céline Martin, P. Roubin, Wolfgang Jacob, Physique des interactions ioniques et moléculaires (PIIM), Aix Marseille Université (AMU)-Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), and Max-Planck-Institut für Plasmaphysik [Garching] (IPP)

Subjects
Photoluminescence, Materials science, Analytical chemistry, FOS: Physical sciences, 02 engineering and technology, 01 natural sciences, symbols.namesake, G band, Physics - Chemical Physics, 0103 physical sciences, Thermal, Materials Chemistry, Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Chemical Physics (physics.chem-ph), 010302 applied physics, Condensed Matter - Materials Science, Range (particle radiation), Ion beam analysis, Mechanical Engineering, Materials Science (cond-mat.mtrl-sci), General Chemistry, 021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology, Amorphous hydrogenated carbon, Hydrogen retention, Electronic, Optical and Magnetic Materials, Amorphous carbon, Raman spectroscopy, Content (measure theory), symbols, [PHYS.PHYS.PHYS-CHEM-PH]Physics [physics]/Physics [physics]/Chemical Physics [physics.chem-ph], 0210 nano-technology
Abstract

International audience; We revisit here how Raman spectroscopy can be used to estimate the H content in hard hydrogenated amorphous carbon layers. The H content was varied from 2 at.% to 30 at.%, using heat treatments of a a-C:H, from room temperature to 1300 K and was determined independently using ion beam analysis. We examine the correlation of various Raman parameters and the consistency of their thermal evolution with thermo-desorption results. We identify a weak band at 860 cm-1 attributed to H bonded to C(sp2). We show that the HD/HG parameter (Height ratio between the D and G bands) is quasi-linear in the full range of H content and can thus be used to estimate the H content. Conversely, we show that the m/HG parameter (ratio between the photoluminescence background, m, and the height of the G band), often used to estimate the H content, should be used with care, first because it is sensitive to various photoluminescence quenching processes and second because it is not sensitive to H bonded to C(sp2).

Published
2013
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8. Atomic hyperfine structures and nuclear-charge distributions

Author

C. Villi and G. Giacometti

Subjects
Physics, Physics::Atomic Physics, Atomic physics, Hyperfine structure, Skin thickness, Effective nuclear charge
Abstract

The theory of atomic hyperfine structures is re-formulated and the possibility of extracting information on the skin thickness of nuclear-charge distributions from the analysis of such structures is pointed out.

Published
1985
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9. THE PHOTOLYSIS AND THE FLUORESCENCE OF PERFLUORO DIETHYL KETONE

Author

G. Giacometti, H. Okabe, Edgar William Richard Steacie, and S. J. Price

Subjects
chemistry.chemical_classification, Ketone, chemistry, Yield (chemistry), Organic Chemistry, Photodissociation, General Chemistry, Photochemistry, Fluorescence, Catalysis
Abstract

The photolysis and the fluorescence of C2F5COC2F5 have been studied at various temperatures, concentrations, and wavelengths. There is a strong dependence of the photochemical yield and to a lesser extent of the relative fluorescence yield on these factors. The reaction products are solely CO and C4F10. The fluorescence is excited by light of the wavelength region between 2537 Å and 3650 Å. The fluorescence band lies in almost the same wavelength region as that of CF3COCF3 and the relative fluorescence yield is slightly less in the higher concentration region. This behavior closely follows the pattern for CF3COCF3 and, hence, may be discussed by the same mechanism. A comparison is made of the primary photochemical reaction among fluorinated ketones.

Published
1960
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10. THE GAS PHASE REACTIONS OF PERFLUORO-n-PROPYL RADICALS WITH METHANE AND ETHANE

Author

E. W. R. Steacie and G. Giacometti

Subjects
chemistry.chemical_classification, Ketone, Chemistry, Radical, Organic Chemistry, Photodissociation, Inorganic chemistry, General Chemistry, Photochemistry, Catalysis, Methane, chemistry.chemical_compound, Reaction rate constant, Hydrocarbon, Deuterium, Oxidative coupling of methane
Abstract

The rate constants and activation energies for the reactions of C3F7 radicals with methane and ethane have been measured by photolyzing mixtures of C3F7COC3F7 and hydrocarbon with 3130 Å light. Photolysis of mixtures of the ketone, methane, and deuterium has been used to check previous measurements on the reaction of C3F7 and deuterium.

Published
1958
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12. Electronic Structure of Thiothiophten

Author

G. Giacometti and G. Rigatti

Subjects
Materials science, business.industry, General Physics and Astronomy, Optoelectronics, Electronic structure, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, business
Published
1959
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14. Free radicals from citric acid

Author

G. Giacometti, P. L. Nordio, and Carlo Corvaja

Subjects
Paramagnetism, chemistry.chemical_compound, Chemistry, Radical, Inorganic chemistry, General Engineering, General Physics and Astronomy, Physical and Theoretical Chemistry, Citric acid, Hyperfine structure
Abstract

The nature of the radicals formed from citric acid after reaction with ˙OH radicals at different pH values is investigated by e.s.r. Three paramagnetic species are identified in acid solution, only one surviving when the pH is raised to 6. The formation of the radicals and their hyperfine structures are discussed.

Published
1966
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15. Deep neural networks for plasma tomography with applications to JET and COMPASS

Author

J. Denis, M. Tardocchi, Kiptily, M. Koubiti, M. Ghate, R. Michling, G. De Masi, T. Tala, M. Bassan, R. McAdams, S. Dowson, Antoine Merle, Seppo Koivuranta, O. J. Kwon, S. Mahesan, P. Sparapani, A. Malaquias, M. Tsalas, Gennady V. Miloshevsky, M. Vecsei, Michal Stano, E. Lerche, Štefan Matejčík, Piergiorgio Sonato, S. D. Pinches, A. Dal Molin, O. McCormack, B. Colling, F. Mink, Ph. Mertens, P. Drewelow, Nuno Cruz, D. Iglesias, Alessandro Zocco, K. Rathod, S. Collins, F. Koechl, James Buchanan, Andrew West, Francesco Maviglia, E. Stefanikova, David Taylor, B. Graham, T. Lunt, S. Meshchaninov, Arturo Buscarino, G. L. Ravera, Maide Bucolo, J. P. Thomas, S. Foley, B. Wakeling, N. Ashikawa, D. W. Robson, N. J. Conway, V. P. Lo Schiavo, Stefan Buller, Sergey Popovichev, M. Saleem, Jorge Luis Rodriguez, M. Wheatley, Gabriele Croci, Hugo Bufferand, J.F. Artaud, R. C. Felton, O. Kovanda, D. Hepple, K. Dylst, Gabor Szepesi, M. Oberkofler, G.J. van Rooij, N. Teplova, Istvan Cziegler, K. K. Kirov, S. Vartanian, Y. Xue, D. Nina, J. Bernardo, Lorenzo Figini, Guglielmo Rubinacci, Peter Lang, R. Scannell, N. C. Hawkes, P. Denner, Istvan Pusztai, D. D. Carvalho, Salvatore Ventre, A. Lescinskis, Afanasev, C. Hamlyn-Harris, Panagiotis Tolias, R. Vale, T. O'Gorman, S. Lesnoj, I.E. Day, Karol Malinowski, D. Carralero, N. Balshaw, Massimo Angelone, Michaele Freisinger, I. Monakhov, Jesús Vega, Jonathan Citrin, Antti Hakola, H. Patten, P. A. Simmons, Y. Austin, Sehyun Kwak, J. Regana, Rohde, T. Eich, A. Alkseev, R. Lawless, C. G. Elsmore, Fusco, S. Hacquin, S. A. Silburn, A. Fernades, Luigi Fortuna, P. Bunting, R. Sartori, Yuji Hatano, D. Borodin, L. Colas, Daniele Marocco, M. Lennholm, Carlo Sozzi, J. J. Rasmussen, P. McCullen, Tommy Ahlgren, A. Kirschner, Thomas Johnson, M. Rack, Göran Ericsson, Hans Nordman, Jakub Bielecki, P. Merriman, M. Cavedon, G. Hermon, Geert Verdoolaege, K. J. Gibson, Daisuke Nishijima, R. Clarkson, Fuchs, M. Tomes, R. Zagórski, Gerald Pintsuk, W. Higginson, Daniel F. Valcarcel, R. Mooney, K. Dawson, A. Tallargio, T.H. Osborne, P. J. Carvalho, M. Gethins, R. Dux, Pierre Dumortier, G. Urbanczyk, Inessa Bolshakova, R. King, B. Tal, Daniel Tegnered, J. W. Coenen, Leena Aho-Mantila, Eva Belonohy, S. Schmuck, Kai Nordlund, Grégoire Hornung, G. Tvalashvili, M. De Bock, Y. Baranov, G. De Tommasi, A. Urban, L. Forsythe, I. Zychor, J. Dobrashian, E. Clark, Paolo Arena, Alessia Santucci, Ivan Lupelli, S. Nowak, M. Curuia, Jonathan Graves, J. C. Hillesheim, Claudio Verona, Zoita, S. Moon, C. Castaldo, A.V. Stephen, Karl Schmid, A. Sahlberg, C. Di Troia, R. Woodley, L. Garzotti, D. Sandiford, Matthew M. Knight, Juho Leppänen, S. Emery, O. G. Pompilian, M. Goniche, C. Luna, M. Mayer, M. Baruzzo, A. Weckmann, M. Kempenaars, S. Hazel, Fabio Pisano, Claudia Corradino, A. G. Meigs, P. Leichauer, S. Potzel, Stéphane Devaux, C. Piron, G. Saibene, David A Rasmussen, Bruce Lipschultz, A. Di Siena, E. Lazzaro, J. Deane, C. Meadowcroft, C. J. Rapson, K.-D. Zastrow, Ph. Duckworth, Tom Wauters, F. Nabais, T. Goerler, D. Brunetti, R. Ellis, David Moulton, L. Jones, E. Delabie, Anna Salmi, Luciano Bertalot, G. Burroughes, B. Kos, Laurent Marot, Daniel Primetzhofer, I Miron, N. Lam, F. Napoli, S. Rowe, E. Pajuste, Choong-Seock Chang, R.P. Doerner, D. Silvagni, C. Guillemaut, S. Warder, A.J. Thornton, Matthew Carr, A. Dempsey, Jorge Morales, Pramit Dutta, J. L. Herfindal, S. Maruyama, P. Camp, X. Lefebvre, Ye. O. Kazakov, Andrea G. Chiariello, Gabriele Manduchi, Andre Neto, T. Powell, J. Griffiths, José Vicente, C. Barcellona, J. Hobirk, F. Clairet, L. Xiang, Dirk Reiser, H. Bergsåker, I. Duran, G. Giacometti, M. Kalsey, David Tskhakaya, A. Martin de Aguilera, T. Dittmar, Edmund Highcock, I. Uytdenhouwen, S. Soare, Giuseppe Prestopino, L. Chôné, W. Davis, G. De Temmerman, Basiuk, G. Learoyd, C. Guerard, A. Klix, M. Incelli, B. Viola, R. J. Robins, A. Burckhart, W. Leysen, Jochen Linke, M. Oberparleiter, A. Murari, M. Sertoli, S. D. Scott, A. Lazaros, R. Dejarnac, P. Buratti, H.R. Strauss, G. T. A. Huijsmans, Hajime Urano, Justine M. Kent, A. Kallenbach, D. Fagan, D. S. Darrow, Benedikt Geiger, A. Wynn, X. Sáez, B. Beckett, Horacio Fernandes, G. Ferro, B. Alper, George Wilkie, A. Uccello, T.C. Luce, S. Zoletnik, Petrzilka, Fulvio Auriemma, D. Guard, A. Ho, R. Henriques, I. T. Chapman, D. Butcher, Ph. Maquet, C. Crapper, S. Murphy, C. Ham, D. Brennan, S. Knott, Krasilnikov, D. Kogut, Cédric Pardanaud, K. Galazka, Nicolò Marconato, Daniele Bonfiglio, M. Sos, E. Militello-Asp, Nesenevich, Sean Conroy, S. Hall, L. F. Ruchko, L. Laguardia, O. Marchuk, F.P. Orsitto, I. S. Nedzelskiy, Eva Macusova, E. Andersson Sundén, C. Ayres, R. Prakash, C. Giroud, M. Parsons, R. Rodionov, M. Marin, A. P. Vadgama, A. Reed, Jacob Eriksson, P. Macheta, R. Neu, J. Orszagh, L. Gil, Riccardo Maggiora, M. Peterka, P. Devynck, M. Price, J. Likonen, Andrew M. Edwards, P. Dalgliesh, I. Vinyar, Andrea Malizia, A. Brett, Jane Johnston, A. Kappatou, P. Blatchford, B. Lloyd, P. Vincenzi, A. Mauriya, A. Garcia-Carrasco, Z. Stancar, D. B. Gin, Gediminas Stankunas, J. Edwards, Giuseppe Ambrosino, A. Goodyear, M. Lungaroni, M. Gardener, R.A. Pitts, Svetlana V. Ratynskaia, E. Ivings, Marek Rubel, L. Calacci, Ivo S. Carvalho, M. Afzal, M. Gherendi, D. Schworer, C. Watts, A. M. Messiaen, E. Safi, P. David, A. Petre, J. Uljanovs, U. von Toussaint, H. Greuner, D. Del Sarto, A.C.A. Figueiredo, D. Gallart, R. Bilato, M. Enachescu, P. Monaghan, M. S. J. Rainford, A. Boboc, M. Reinhart, Hiroyasu Utoh, B. P. Duval, L. Hackett, M. Halitovs, G. De Dominici, B. Lomanowski, P. Cahyna, Aslanyan, T. May-Smith, M. Richiusa, A. Goussarov, M. Okabayashi, R. Howell, T. Tadic, M. E. Manso, J. F. Rivero-Rodriguez, Wayne Arter, Ivan Calvo, U. Losada, H. Weisen, A. Teplukhina, Marica Rebai, R. Andrews, C. H. A. Hogben, M. Klas, A. E. Shevelev, J. McKehon, F. Reimold, Enrico Zilli, R. Maingi, M.F. Stamp, A. Rakha, H. T. Kim, D. Ciric, Eric Nardon, A. Somers, I. Igaune, E. Laszynska, S. Saarelma, A. Cullen, Mǎdǎlina Vlad, D. Nodwell, S. Griph, T. Donne, T. Boyce, M. Tyshchenko, Paulo Carvalho, Elena Bruno, Ion E. Stamatelatos, A. Patel, E. de la Luna, F. Causa, Robin Barnsley, Michael Lehnen, F. Belli, N. Jones, B. Bauvir, M. Tokitani, I. Turner, Y. Zhou, J. Simpson, A. Vitins, D. Rendell, Alberto Milocco, Benjamin P. Brown, F.G. Rimini, C. Lamb, V. Thompson, E. Alessi, S. Arshad, J. Rzadkiewicz, P. Prior, J. Moran, S. D. A. Reyes Cortes, Igor Bykov, M. Weiszflog, Annette M. Hynes, Gennady Sergienko, J. Lönnroth, T. C. Hender, M.-L. Mayoral, Mattia Frasca, R. Coelho, J-J Honore, A. Jackson, A. Sirinelli, M. D. Axton, Hyun-Tae Kim, F. P. Keenan, H. J. Boyer, Elisabeth Rachlew, T. Szabolics, J. Ongena, Braic, Sandra C. Chapman, Anders Nielsen, John E. Marsh, J. Jansons, S. Gloeggler, Nengchao Wang, Naulin, M. Porton, D. Falie, P. Welch, G. T. Jones, N. Fil, M. Vincent, U. Kruezi, R. Pereira, L. Horvath, M. F. F. Nave, Lorella Carraro, N. Fonnesu, Davide Flammini, P. V. Edappala, G. M. D. Hogeweij, K. Krieger, P. Card, G. Poulipoulis, W. Studholme, Didier Mazon, T. Odupitan, D. Young, F. J. Casson, N. Muthusonai, I. Jepu, Olivier Sauter, Dimitri Voltolina, Sara Carcangiu, C. Reux, Irena Ivanova-Stanik, D. Tskhakaya Jun, O. Bogar, E. Viezzer, Shane Cooper, Fabio Villone, Florin Spineanu, H. Doerk, E. Cecil, J. Goff, F. Nespoli, F. Schluck, G. Ciraolo, Jennifer M. Lehmann, Jan Mlynar, H. J. C. Oliver, M. Marinucci, N. Krawczyk, J. Buch, M. Dreval, G. Possnert, C. Angioni, C. P. Lungu, Marco Ariola, S. Breton, Christopher N. Bowman, A. Kundu, J. Mailloux, I. Stepanov, D. Sprada, J. Zacks, G. Ramogida, E. Wolfrum, N.W. Eidietis, A. Pires dos Reis, Barbara Cannas, Robert E. Grove, A. Huber, Giuliana Sias, A. Baron Wiechec, Markus Airila, M. Berry, P. Huynh, R. Kovaldins, R. Bastow, Darren Price, S. Abduallev, P. Tsavalas, N. Aiba, Plyusnin, Ion Tiseanu, James Williams, M. Beckers, M. Weiland, S.N. Gerasimov, Alessandra Fanni, L. D. Horton, T. Xu, L. Joita, N. Reid, D. Zarzoso Fernandez, D. I. Refy, Jerry Hughes, Clarisse Bourdelle, J. E. Boom, G. Hancu, K. M. Aggarwal, F. Crisanti, M. Poradziński, A. Loarte, P. Vallejos Olivares, T. Mrowetz, Teddy Craciunescu, R. Guirlet, M. Valentinuzzi, J. Stephens, J. Stober, Michael Barnes, Isabel L. Nunes, Mario Pillon, P. Batistoni, G. Verona Rinati, Fabio Moro, R. Lucock, R. Olney, Jari Varje, B. Butler, A. Mariani, M. Hamed, Skvara, C. Terry, Larisa Baumane, T. Alarcon, Mike Kotschenreuther, T. M. Biewer, O. Hemming, N. Marcenko, Z. Kollo, B. Slade, J. Garcia, T. R. Blackman, Simone Peruzzo, N. den Harder, S. Ng, P. Siren, K. G. McClements, Rita Lorenzini, Y. Yakovenko, Lorenzo Frassinetti, J. Hawes, A. Kirk, C. Noble, Nicola Bonanomi, Y. Martynova, A.E. Shumack, F. Di Maio, H. R. Koslowski, N. Pomaro, G. Nemtsev, M. I. K. Santala, Richard George, E. Giovannozzi, T. Giegerich, C. Woodley, G. Pucella, D. Hopley, P.J. Knight, Michela Gelfusa, Francesca Poli, G. Petravich, G. Kocsis, S. Lanthaler, J. A. Wilson, D. Coombs, F. Köchl, G. Stables, Silvia Spagnolo, D. Rigamonti, W. Van Renterghem, Mike Dunne, H. Betar, W. Pires de Sa, Stjepko Fazinić, M. Nocente, G. Birkenmeier, L. Avotina, A. Horton, P. Heesterman, Larry R. Baylor, C. Stavrou, L. Appel, Amosov, J. Fessey, J. Flanagan, C. Paz Soldan, G. Kaveney, R. Young, Shimpei Futatani, U. Samm, R. Naish, P. Strand, E. Lascas Neto, S. Wheeler, Daisuke Shiraki, S. P. Hotchin, D. M. Witts, A. Cobalt, C. Waldon, Davide Galassi, I. Jenkins, S. Panja, C. Gurl, A. Lukin, R. Albanese, Andrea Pavone, A. Davies, J. Hawkins, N. Vianello, C. Besiliu, F. Domptail, Bruno Santos, Y. Li, T. Kaltiaisenaho, O. N. Kent, X. Litaudon, B. Lescinskis, M. Faitsch, Otto Asunta, F. Eriksson, Pericoli, M. Beldishevski, G.A. Rattá, C. D. Challis, Z. Ghani, M. Juvonen, A. C. C. Sips, João M. C. Sousa, Boris Breizman, P. Finburg, Henrik Sjöstrand, Slawomir Jednorog, Ewa Kowalska-Strzęciwilk, A. Martin, R. O. Dendy, B. Lepiavko, D. Croft, Goloborod'ko, A. V. Krasilnikov, M. Wischmeier, K. Gal, R. Ragona, Petter Ström, N. Parsons, G. Calabrò, Jean-Stéphane Joly, A. Capat, Linwei Li, T. Nakano, Paulo Rodrigues, L. Moser, João P. S. Bizarro, L. Piron, K. Pepperell, P. Aleynikov, Ambrogio Fasoli, S.-P. Pehkonen, Giuseppe Gorini, C. Taliercio, M. E. Puiatti, J. Svensson, H. R. Wilson, John Wright, S. Wiesen, O. Asztalos, R.V. Budny, A. Withycombe, P. Piovesan, Jonathan Gaspar, B. D. Stevens, P. Trimble, Vinodh Bandaru, F. S. Zaitsev, H. Sheikh, G. F. Matthews, Daniele Carnevale, K. Schoepf, L. McNamee, A. Czarnecka, P. Blanchard, Erik Fransson, J.P. Coad, Daniel Dunai, Carolina Björkas, A. Manzanares, M. Reich, A. Lahtinen, L. Giacomelli, Mirko Salewski, E. de la Cal, T. D. V. Haupt, T.T.C. Jones, M. Anghel, Kyriakos Hizanidis, J. M. Fontdecaba, Huber, A. Shaw, A. Cufar, A. Muraro, M. Clark, A. Meakins, Roland Sabot, A. Owen, K. Valerii, A. L. Esquisabel, Petr Vondracek, Maria Teresa Porfiri, Walid Helou, S. E. Sharapov, D. Terranova, M. Skiba, Konstantina Mergia, Frank Leipold, Francisco L. Tabarés, M. Zerbini, Ken W Bell, Marco Marinelli, Marco Riva, R. Martone, Bobkov, B. Magesh, A. Ash, Parail, M. Hook, Amanda Hubbard, Silvio Ceccuzzi, Ulrich Fischer, G. Liu, Nick Walkden, R. Otin, P. Santa, P. Abreu, Demerdzhiev, Roberto Zanino, T. Spelzini, António J.N. Batista, P. G. Smith, L. Meneses, S. S. Medley, M. J. Mantsinen, K. Vasava, G. Gervasini, Surya K. Pathak, Kristel Crombé, G. Ellwood, P. Raj, Robert Hager, Ch. Linsmeier, C. Stokes, Petra Bilkova, M. Groth, G. Pautasso, C. R. Nobs, S. Sridhar, P. Chmielewski, David Hatch, Luca Boncagni, I. Balboa, C. Stan-Sion, Nobuyuki Asakura, R. McKean, L. Pigatto, João Figueiredo, Roberto Cavazzana, Juri Romazanov, M. Beurskens, C. Christopher Klepper, Maryna Chernyshova, O. Biletskyi, D. Karkinsky, A. Eksaeva, S. Dalley, Pasquale Gaudio, J. Benayas, J. Dankowski, S. Korolczuk, R. Buckingham, F. Parra Diaz, E. Wang, A. Cardinali, J. Naish, R. O. Pavlichenko, Kalle Heinola, Hiroshi Tojo, Miles M. Turner, Brett Chapman, A. Lyssoivan, F. Militello, E. Matveeva, T. Kobuchi, I. Ksiazek, P. Bohm, Cody Jones, W. Yanling, T. Jackson, P. Gohil, D. Alegre, Tim D. Bohm, F. Jaulmes, L. Zakharov, Peter J. Pool, C.G. Lowry, M. Passeri, D. Testa, Igor Lengar, A. Formisano, C. M. Roach, A. Hjalmarsson, A. Drenik, S. Meiter, William Tang, Carlos B. da Silva, Diogo R. Ferreira, P. J. Lomas, M. McHardy, Gunta Kizane, Angela Busse, S. Jachmich, Corneliu Porosnicu, Stanislas Pamela, Yavorskij, Eduardo Alves, Saskia Mordijck, Boniface Nkonga, J. Morris, Dean A. J. Whittaker, S. Ertmer, A. Hollingsworth, T. Barnard, R. Tatali, S. Reynolds, S. Mistry, Sergio Galeani, Torbjörn Hellsten, V.S. Neverov, David Dickinson, T. M. Huddleston, D. Baiao, F. Salzedas, D. Willoughby, M. Tripsky, Emmanuele Peluso, J. R. Harrison, C. Mazzotta, R. Zarins, M. Maslov, X. Bonnin, T. E. Gebhart, S. Fietz, K. Flinders, C. Hidalgo, Yann Corre, Aqsa Shabbir, A. B. Kukushkin, A. Shepherd, M.L. Walker, R. Clay, T. Vasilopoulou, Paolo Innocente, I. H. Coffey, P. Lalousis, Italo Predebon, R. Bravanec, P. Papp, D. Sytnykov, Ewa Pawelec, M. Bernert, G. Corrigan, Lutsenko, M. Romanelli, Gergely Papp, S. Romanelli, R. Salmon, J. Risner, M. T. Ogawa, A. M. Whitehead, E. Fable, H. Dabirikhah, Juan Manuel López, M. Turnyanskiy, A. Baciero, S. Meigh, M. Garcia-Munoz, Massimiliano Mattei, J.-M. Noterdaeme, N. Hamilton, S. Minucci, I Wilson, A. Muir, A. V. Chankin, C. Clements, Matthias Hoelzl, Francesco Romanelli, S. Gee, R. J. E. Smith, P. de Vries, L. Fittill, S. Menmuir, K. Cave-Ayland, P. Curson, Richard Fridström, D. Grist, S. A. Robinson, Rodney Walker, Michael Loughlin, S. Aleiferis, W. Broeckx, Clayton E. Myers, S. F. Smith, D. Harting, W. Zwingmann, F. Binda, Mark R. Gilbert, Rajnikant Makwana, Richard Goulding, D. Van Eester, I. Voitsekhovitch, M. Bowden, I. Kodeli, Tomasz Czarski, Peter Hawkins, S. S. Henderson, M. Koeppen, D. Ricci, Ondrej Ficker, Carl Hellesen, D. Yadikin, Fabio Subba, Luka Snoj, Anthony Laing, E. R. Solano, M. Stephen, P. Staniec, C. Appelbee, M. Newman, Susan Leerink, M. Nicassio, P. P. Pereira Puglia, M. Brombin, Wouter Tierens, C. Perez von Thun, Cédric Boulbe, Ya. I. Kolesnichenko, Taina Kurki-Suonio, S. Hallworth-Cook, R. P. Johnson, B. B. Carvalho, Anna Widdowson, Alessandro Pau, R. Price, B. Gonçalves, D. L. Keeling, Kazantzidis, Michael Fitzgerald, M. Hughes, K. D. Lawson, M. Brix, Raffaele Fresa, Juha Karhunen, S. Esquembri, K. Purahoo, Matthew Reinke, Gerd Meisl, M. Valovic, J. Horacek, D. King, H. Maier, Philipps, Kenji Tanaka, M. Kresina, M. Valisa, L. Omoregie, Gábor Cseh, Seppo Sipilä, Scott W. Mosher, Filippo Sartori, J. Kaniewski, Jan Weiland, Giuseppe Chitarin, Coccorese, A. R. Field, P. Beaumont, Robert Skilton, D. C. Campling, Mitul Abhangi, S. Villari, Roberta Lima Gomes, G. D. Ewart, S. Wray, A. Broslawski, A. Sinha, Roberto Paccagnella, S. Hollis, R. D. Wood, Albert Gutierrez-Milla, E. Jonasson, L.-G. Eriksson, R. Leach, L. W. Packer, M. Vuksic, H. J. Sun, C. Marchetto, Giuseppe Telesca, Dieter Leichtle, S. Cramp, Blaise Faugeras, M. Allinson, Yannis Kominis, R. Normanton, H. J. Leggate, Francesco Ghezzi, T. Schlummer, Tommaso Bolzonella, Jorge Ferreira, M. J. Walsh, C. Day, Philipp Drews, Steven J. Meitner, M. D. J. Bright, Per Petersson, D. L. Hillis, M. Webb, P. Wright, C. F. Maggi, B. Sieglin, A. Farahani, J. Strachan, M. Muraglia, M. Cecconello, F. Durodié, D. Callaghan, J. Waterhouse, R. J. Dumont, Sara Moradi, Patrick J. McCarthy, S. Feng, M. Balden, M. Kaufman, R. Warren, Brian Grierson, Harry M. Meyer, S.C. Bradnam, D. Kinna, A. Krivska, M. Lungu, E. Suchkov, A. Kantor, D. Conka, C. Penot, A. Zarins, Pierre Manas, D. F. Gear, J. Callaghan, L. Barrera Orte, Tomas Markovic, Yu Gao, A. Lunniss, Z. Vizvary, E. Khilkevich, Th. Puetterich, Dmitry Matveev, E. Perelli Cippo, T. Owen, N. Imazawa, A. Silva, H. P. Summers, Norberto Catarino, Roberto Pasqualotto, P. Muscat, K. Keogh, Ricardo Magnus Osorio Galvao, P. Carman, M. Leyland, E. Veshchev, A. de Castro, M. Gruca, D. C. McDonald, L. Moreira, J. W. Banks, Sanjeev Ranjan, N. Sutton, Iris D. Young, Martin Imrisek, W. Zhang, J. K. Blackburn, Moiseenko, A. Parsloe, T. Loarer, D. N. Borba, S.J. Wukitch, D. P. Coster, J. Penzo, Jose Ramon Martin-Solis, P. Mantica, N. Bekris, M. G. O'Mullane, S. E. Dorling, Yunfeng Liang, S. Gulati, Roberto Ambrosino, J. Schweinzer, Cocilovo, D. Douai, M. A. Henderson, T. Suzuki, Gianluca Rubino, A. Peackoc, Yann Camenen, Y. Miyoshi, Ph. Jacquet, H. T. Lambertz, E. Tholerus, C. Sommariva, Prajapati, Yannick Marandet, F. Hasenbeck, Faa Federico Felici, M. Buckley, Kenneth Hammond, Daniele Milanesio, Cristian Ruset, Katsumichi Hoshino, D. Frigione, D. Chandra, I. Borodkina, P. Dinca, S. Brezinsek, J. Stallard, H. G. Esser, Matthew Sibbald, S. Knipe, Jorge Estrela da Silva, Kensaku Kamiya, P. A. Coates, J. C. Giacalone, Alfredo Pironti, Carvalho, D. D., Ferreira, D. R., Carvalho, P. J., Imrisek, M., Mlynar, J., Fernandes, H., and Formisano, A.

Subjects
Computer science, Feature extraction, Image processing, Computerized Tomography (CT) and Computed Radiography (CR), Plasma diagnostics - interferometry, spectroscopy and imaging, 01 natural sciences, Convolutional neural network, 030218 nuclear medicine & medical imaging, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Compass, Plasma diagnostics-interferometry, spectroscopy and imaging, 0103 physical sciences, Computer vision, Instrumentation, Mathematical Physics, Jet (fluid), Contextual image classification, 010308 nuclear & particles physics, business.industry, Cognitive neuroscience of visual object recognition, Plasma diagnostics - interferometry spectroscopy and imaging, Tomography, Artificial intelligence, business, plasma diagnostics - interferometry, spectroscopy and imaging
Abstract

Convolutional neural networks (CNNs) have found applications in many image processing tasks, such as feature extraction, image classification, and object recognition. It has also been shown that the inverse of CNNs, so- called deconvolutional neural networks, can be used for inverse problems such as plasma tomography. In essence, plasma tomography consists in reconstructing the 2D plasma profile on a poloidal cross-section of a fusion device, based on line-integrated measurements from multiple radiation detectors. Since the reconstruction process is computationally intensive, a deconvolutional neural network trained to produce the same results will yield a significant computational speedup, at the expense of a small error which can be assessed using different metrics. In this work, we discuss the design principles behind such networks, including the use of multiple layers, how they can be stacked, and how their dimensions can be tuned according to the number of detectors and the desired tomographic resolution for a given fusion device. We describe the application of such networks at JET and COMPASS, where at JET we use the bolometer system, and at COMPASS we use the soft X-ray diagnostic based on photodiode arrays.

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17. Preparing the future post-mortem analysis of beryllium-based JET and ITER samples by multi-wavelengths Raman spectroscopy on implanted Be, and co-deposited Be.

Author

M.I. Rusu, C. Pardanaud, Y. Ferro, G. Giacometti, C. Martin, Y. Addab, P. Roubin, M. Minissale, L. Ferri, F. Virot, M. Barrachin, C.P. Lungu, C. Porosnicu, P. Dinca, M. Lungu, M. Köppen, P. Hansen, and Ch. Linsmeier

Subjects
RAMAN microscopy, BERYLLIUM, PLASMA-wall interactions, PLASMA confinement, HEAVY metals
Abstract

This study demonstrates that Raman microscopy is a suitable technique for future post mortem analyses of JET and ITER plasma facing components. We focus here on laboratory deposited and bombarded samples of beryllium and beryllium carbides and start to build a reference spectral databases for fusion relevant beryllium-based materials. We identified the beryllium phonon density of states, its second harmonic and E2G and B2G second harmonic and combination modes for defective beryllium in the spectral range 300–700 and 700–1300 cm−1, lying close to Be–D modes of beryllium hydrides. We also identified beryllium carbide signature, Be2C, combining Raman microscopy and DFT calculation. We have shown that, depending on the optical constants of the material probed, in depth sensitivity at the nanometer scale can be performed using different wavelengths. This way, we demonstrate that multi-wavelength Raman microscopy is sensitive to in-depth stress caused by ion implantation (down to  ≈30 nm under the surface for Be) and Be/C concentration (down to 400 nm or more under the surface for Be+C), which is a main contribution of this work. The depth resolution reached can then be adapted for studying the supersaturated surface layer found on tokamak deposits. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2017
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19. Modelling of the micrometric erosion pattern observed on the Tore Supra limiter tiles.

Author

N. Mellet, C. Martin, B. Pégourié, G. Giacometti, J.P. Gunn, G. Cartry, P. Languille, C. Pardanaud, S. Panayotis, G. Amiard, Y. Marandet, and P. Roubin

Subjects
TOKAMAKS, SPUTTERING (Physics), TOROIDAL plasma, MICROMETRY, METAL erosion, PLASMA impurities
Abstract

Recently, the surface of carbon fibre composite tiles of the toroidal pump limiter of Tore Supra has been analysed by scanning electron and atomic force microscopies. In regions where fibres are perpendicular to the surface, a specific erosion pattern has been observed. It is constituted of a striation oriented with an angle oblique with respect to the magnetic field. The characteristic wavelength of this structure is micrometric, and similar to the fibre size. Modelling has been undertaken to reproduce this micrometric pattern. It is shown to originate from the carbon composite structure, for which it has been found by measurement using laboratory plasma that the erosion rate of the fibres is different from that of the surrounding matrix. Modelling emphasizes the effect of the impinging flux angle distributions of deuterium ions and carbon impurities that are preliminarily determined from computation of the magnetic sheath. In the case of deuterium the sheath is shown to have little effect on the particle trajectories for the simulation parameters considered here, although when impurities are included the sheath deflection is significant. Furthermore this study shows how the fibre organization in the composite influences the striation direction and points out the importance of the angular dependence of the sputtering yield. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2014
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