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Se trata de una solicitud del Consejo Regional de Odontología de São Paulo (CROSP), organismo federal creado por la Ley N.º 4.324/1964, responsable de supervisar el ejercicio de las profesiones odontológicas y garantizar el cumplimiento de las normas éticas, para elaborar un Dictamen Técnico-Científico sobre la fluoración del agua de abastecimiento público, debido a la gran demanda que el organismo ha recibido sobre el tema, según consta en la solicitud realizada al Consejo Directivo de la Facultad de Salud Pública (FSP) de la Universidad de São Paulo (USP ), mediante CARTA PRES.0453/2020, de fecha 12/11/2020. En respuesta a la CROSP, el Director del FSP/USP autorizó, el 8/12/2020, la emisión del Dictamen antes mencionado. La Facultad de Salud Pública (FSP) de la Universidad de Sao Paulo (USP) tiene una larga trayectoria de colaboración con instituciones públicas y, de modo general, con la sosedad brasilera con respecto a la fluoración del agua para consumo humano, como una tecnología de salud pública para la prevención de caries dental. El 26 de noviembre de 2009, el Ministerio de Salud reconoció estos antecedentes, que se habían iniciado a mediados del siglo XX, y formalizó la instalación del Centro Colaborados en Vigilancia de Salud Bucal (CECOL) de la FSP/USP. Es así como entre las actividades de supervisión de salud bucal relacionadas al CECOL/USP se enfatizan los aspectos relacionados con la vigilancia de la fluoración del agua de abastecimiento público y temas asociados, con el objetivo de contribuir para mejorar la calidad de la gestión del sector y dotar al país de un sistema de vigilancia de la fluoración del agua que esté basado en informaciones confiables, buscando mejorar la calidad de los datos disponibles acerca de la cobertura de la fluoración en Brasil.

Motor difficulties are present in 50-73% of children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) and are associated with social difficulties. This review aims to synthesize the literature regarding psychomotor therapist use of psychomotor intervention for 3- to 6-year preschool children with ASD. A systematic search of electronic of six databases and other electronic journals was conducted without time limitation. Out of 1351 studies, 14 meet the inclusion criteria. Studies were summarized in terms of participant characteristics, study design, outcomes measures, intervention characteristics, target skills, and outcomes. Outcomes in psychomotor and social development and peer interaction and verbal communication domains were identified. This review adds insights for future research and revealed critical considerations of psychomotor interventions with children with ASD.

Analisar as condições de controle de infecção dos estabelecimentos de assistência odontológica do Município de Cariacica, Espírito Santo, Brasil. Dados relativos ao respondente, localização e tipo de estabelecimento, bem como às condições do ambiente, equipamentos e materiais, foram recolhidos mediante observação direta em todos os serviços odontológicos e em vinte estabelecimentos operados por "dentistas práticos". Para efetuar a análise, foi construído Índice de Controle de Infecção (ICI) composto de 19 variáveis, e quanto menor o seu valor, melhores as condições de controle. Foram observados 113 estabelecimentos. A condição nos estabelecimentos mantidos por dentistas não licenciados (médiaICI = 23,05, dp = 11,86) foi quatro vezes pior em relação ao melhor valor observado nos estabelecimentos particulares. Em condição intermediária, localizaram-se os serviços públicos (médiaICI = 16,27; dp = 6,96). Os serviços localizados nas regiões periféricas apresentaram condição quatro vezes pior. Observou-se profunda divisão nas condições sanitárias da assistência odontológica. Uma parcela significativa da população, que depende de assistência odontológica oferecida por estabelecimentos operados por "dentistas práticos", estava exposta a condições sanitárias de elevado risco à infecção cruzada.

Fluorose dentária é uma opacidade do esmalte provocada pela ingestão de quantidades excessivas de flúor (exposição crônica) durante o período de formação dos dentes. A estimação desse problema em população exposta a fontes de flúor é necessária e deve ser feita periodicamente para monitorar os níveis e os padrões da alteração. A proposta desta pesquisa foi descrever e comparar dois estudos de prevalência para estimar a ocorrência de fluorose dentária na população do Município de Ribeirão Pires, Estado de São Paulo, Brasil, realizados em 1997 e 2000. Os métodos empregados em cada estudo foram brevemente apresentados. Os resultados foram comparados. Aspectos metodológicos e as implicações para Saúde Coletiva foram discutidos.

OBJECTIVE: To determine the prevalence and severity of occlusal problems in populations at the ages of deciduous and permanent dentition and to carry out a meta-analysis to estimate the weighted odds ratio for occlusal problems comparing both groups. METHODS: Data of a probabilistic sample (n=985) of schoolchildren aged 5 and 12 from an epidemiological study in the municipality of São Paulo, Brazil, were analyzed using univariate logistic regression (MLR). Results of cross-sectional study data published in the last 70 years were examined in the meta-analysis. RESULTS: The prevalence of occlusal problems increased from 49.0% (95% CI =47.4%-50.6%) in the deciduous dentition to 71.3% (95% CI =70.3%-72.3%) in the permanent dentition (p

O objetivo deste estudo foi estimar a prevalência de oclusopatia na dentição decídua e permanente de crianças de escolas públicas e privadas do Município de São Paulo, SP, Brasil, em 1996. A condição oclusal foi classificada em três categorias: normal, leve e moderada/severa conforme os critérios da Organização Mundial da Saúde. Os resultados referem-se a 985 exames em crianças de 5 e 12 anos de idade. A prevalência das oclusopatias foi alta, aumentando de 48,97 ± 4,53% na dentição decídua a 71,31 ± 3,95% na dentição permanente, sendo que a proporção de oclusopatia moderada/severa foi quase duas vezes maior na dentição permanente (OR = 1,87; IC95% = 1,43-2,45; p < 0,001). Quanto ao sexo e ao tipo de estabelecimento de ensino, não foram observadas diferenças estatisticamente significativas nas idades estudadas. Diferenças estatísticas associadas aos grupos étnicos denotam a complexidade e diversidade da oclusão na população e sugerem que estudos longitudinais devem ser realizados.

OBJETIVO: Estudar a evolução da prevalência de cárie em dentes permanentes da população infantil do Município de São Paulo, SP, no período 1970-1996, com base em levantamento epidemiológico em escolares das redes pública e privada de ensino. MÉTODOS: Utilizando metodologia recomendada pela Organização Mundial da Saúde, foram examinados 2.491 escolares de 103 unidades das redes de ensino público e privado. Foi obtida amostra probabilística, com base no cadastro das escolas do município. Os elementos amostrais foram identificados ao acaso. RESULTADOS: Observou-se que de uma situação de prevalência "muito alta" de cárie dentária nos anos 60 e 70, a população de referência evoluiu positivamente, na idade-índice de 12 anos, para um quadro de "baixa" prevalência. CONCLUSÃO: Entre 1986 e 1996 o declínio na cárie dentária, aos 12 anos de idade, foi da ordem de 68,2% entre escolares do Município de São Paulo.

Abstract C-glycosides are natural products with important biological activities but are recalcitrant to degradation. Glycoside 3-oxidases (G3Oxs) are recently identified bacterial flavo-oxidases from the glucose-methanol-coline (GMC) superfamily that catalyze the oxidation of C-glycosides with the concomitant reduction of O2 to H2O2. This oxidation is followed by C-C acid/base-assisted bond cleavage in two-step C-deglycosylation pathways. Soil and gut microorganisms have different oxidative enzymes, but the details of their catalytic mechanisms are largely unknown. Here, we report that PsG3Ox oxidizes at 50,000-fold higher specificity (k cat/Km) the glucose moiety of mangiferin to 3-keto-mangiferin than free D-glucose to 2-keto-glucose. Analysis of PsG3Ox X-ray crystal structures and PsG3Ox in complex with glucose and mangiferin, combined with mutagenesis and molecular dynamics simulations, reveal distinctive features in the topology surrounding the active site that favor catalytically competent conformational states suitable for recognition, stabilization, and oxidation of the glucose moiety of mangiferin. Furthermore, their distinction to pyranose 2-oxidases (P2Oxs) involved in wood decay and recycling is discussed from an evolutionary, structural, and functional viewpoint.

Resumo O estudo teve como objetivo avaliar a deposição de serrapilheira e o aporte de nutrientes em três modelos de revegetação e uma área de floresta secundária na Reserva Biológica de Poço das Antas, Silva Jardim (RJ). O material foi coletado mensalmente entre os meses de novembro de 2000 a outubro de 2001. A deposição anual do modelo adensado foi de 9,69 t ha-1, 10,38 t ha-1 no modelo semi-adensado, 9,97 t ha-1 no modelo tradicional, e na mata secundária de 12,22 t ha-1, não havendo diferença significativa entre os modelos, sendo os valores encontrados muito superiores a outros estudos em florestas tropicais. A fração foliar foi a mais representativa com valores entre 63,1 a 76,2%. A deposição foi sazonal nas áreas de floresta secundária e no sistema tradicional semidenso. Em relação ao aporte de nutrientes pode se observar maiores valores de N do que P e K.

Abstract Background To evaluate the cost-effectiveness ratio and economic impact of the Rapid Antigen Test (TR-Ag) to replace RT-PCR for the detection of the new Coronavirus in the Unified Health System (SUS). Methods This is a cost-effectiveness analysis. Clinical protocols were used for the diagnosis of COVID-19 at the São José Municipal Hospital, located in the city of Itaberá-SP. The Incremental Cost-Effectiveness Ratio (ICER) was divided into two scenarios. In the first, the accuracy reported by the test manufacturers was included, and in the second, the cost resulting from a systematic review. Both were compared with the performance of the RT-PCR test. The increase in diagnoses was chosen as a health outcome and absenteeism was used as a criterion for assessing the economic impact. Results The analysis resulted in incremental cost-effectiveness ratios of R$ 42,136.67 and R$ 68,329.73 for every thousand tests, according to the accuracy of the manufacturers’ TR-Ag tests and what is reported in the literature in relation to RT-PCR, respectively. The average value found for the RT-PCR test (R$ 202.87) represents an increase of 165.32% in cost in relation to the value found for the TR-Ag. 4,305 tests were performed between April 2020 and December 2021 at the referral hospital. Also, maintaining the use of RT-PCR as the first choice for diagnosing COVID-19 and regulating absenteeism in the economically active population could have an impact of up to R$ 1,022,779.68 on municipal management. Conclusion It is concluded that the TR-Ag are configured as a cost-effective alternative for the SUS in the detection of the new Coronavirus. The strategy becomes economically favorable for the expansion of testing, combating the COVID-19 pandemic and reducing the impact on the local economy. However, studies are needed to validate the accuracy of the tests so that economic evaluations on the subject are more assertive.

RESUMO Este estudo analisou os aspectos que, segundo os próprios dependentes de crack, interferem no êxito do seu tratamento. Recorte de um trabalho original, o estudo é descritivo, exploratório, observacional e com abordagem qualitativa. A coleta de dados foi realizada com os usuários de crack em tratamento no CAPSad de Camaragibe-PE com uma entrevista semi-estruturada. Para análise dos dados utilizou-se o Alceste que forneceu três classes, tendo a de número três 33% das UCE's sendo utilizada para compor este trabalho. Ela define a família e a religião como fatores interferentes no sucesso do tratamento dos usuários de crack e fundamentais na reinserção social.

RESUMO Estudo descritivo, exploratório, qualitativo realizado em um Centro de Atenção Psicossocial para álcool e outras drogas em Campo Verde Camaragibe, uma cidade em Pernambuco, Brasil, com o objetivo de descrever a concepção dos familiares de usuários de crack acerca das políticas públicas antidrogas. A coleta se deu através de entrevista semiestruturada com familiares de usuários em tratamento para a dependência do crack, e a análise foi realizada através do software Analyse Lexicale par Contexte d’um Ensemble de Segments de Texte (ALCESTE). Entre os resultados, ressaltam-se as fragilidades das políticas públicas existentes quanto à efetividade de suas ações considerando as singularidades dos dependentes químicos. São necessárias investigações sobre a temática a fim de contribuir com a (re)formulação das políticas públicas.

Abstract Species of Tanaecium (Bignonieae, Bignoniaceae) are lianas distributed in the Neotropics and centered in the Amazon. Members of the genus exhibit exceptionally diverse flower morphology and pollination systems. Here, we sequenced, assembled, and annotated 12 complete and four partial chloroplast genomes representing 15 Tanaecium species and more than 70% of the known diversity in the genus. Gene content and order were similar in all species of Tanaecium studied, with genome sizes ranging between 158,470 and 160,935 bp. Tanaecium chloroplast genomes have 137 genes, including 80–81 protein-coding genes, 37 tRNA genes, and four rRNA genes. No rearrangements were found in Tanaecium plastomes, but two different patterns of boundaries between regions were recovered. Tanaecium plastomes show nucleotide variability, although only rpoA was hypervariable. Multiple SSRs and repeat regions were detected, and eight genes were found to have signatures of positive selection. Phylogeny reconstruction using 15 Tanaecium plastomes resulted in a strongly supported topology, elucidating several relationships not recovered previously and bringing new insights into the evolution of the genus.

El objetivo del artículo es evaluar el riesgo, la vulnerabilidad y la exposición a desastres de la sede municipal de Galinhos, provincia de Rio Grande do Norte, Brasil. La investigación se desarrolló en 3 etapas: revisión bibliográfica y definición de la metodología utilizada; visita técnica de campo; y actividades de recopilación de datos posteriores al campo. Se identificó que en la sede de Galinhos existen sectores con riesgo al avance del nivel del mar y poblaciones en contexto de vulnerabilidad. Como resultado, cuatro sectores fueron considerados críticos y demandan mayor atención por parte de la gestión, así como la implementación de infraestructuras que brinden apoyo preventivo.

Abstract Background Supervised toothbrushing programs using fluoride dentifrice have reduced caries increment. However there is no information about the effectiveness of the professional cross-brushing technique within a community intervention. The aim was to assess if the bucco-lingual technique can increase the effectiveness of a school-based supervised toothbrushing program on preventing caries. Methods A randomized double-blinded controlled community intervention trial to be analyzed at an individual level was conducted in a Brazilian low-income fluoridated area. Six preschools were randomly assigned to the test and control groups and 284 five-year-old children presenting at least one permanent molar with emerged/sound occlusal surface participated. In control group, oral health education and dental plaque dying followed by toothbrushing with fluoride dentifrice supervised directly by a dental assistant, was developed four times per year. At the remaining school days the children brushed their teeth under indirect supervising of the teachers. In test group, children also underwent a professional cross-brushing on surfaces of first permanent molar rendered by a specially trained dental assistant five times per year. Enamel and dentin caries were recorded on buccal, occlusal and lingual surfaces of permanent molars during 18-month follow-up. Exposure time of surfaces was calculated and incidence density ratio was estimated using Poisson regression model. Results Difference of 21.6 lesions per 1,000 children between control and test groups was observed. Among boys whose caries risk was higher compared to girls, incidence density was 50% lower in test group (p = 0.016). Conclusion Modified program was effective among the boys. It is licit to project a relevant effect in a larger period suggesting in a broader population substantial reduction of dental care needs. Trial registration ISRCTN18548869.

Trata-se de resultado de pesquisa sobre a formação e as práticas de diretoras dos grupos escolares no Maranhão. Analisamos as memórias sobre a formação de diretoras dos grupos. Uma das questões investigadas foi de que modo as professoras se constituem diretoras? Desse modo, estudamos sua formação e trajetória profissional docente. O conceito de memória norteia os pressupostos teóricos da investigação uma vez que se trabalha com a perspectiva metodológica da História Oral. A memória também apresenta suas limitações, é uma reconstrução continuamente atualizada do passado. Realizamos entrevistas com diretoras que atuaram nos Grupos Escolares da capital e do interior maranhense. O estudo mostra a importância de conhecermos suas experiências, saberes e práticas.

Abstract Latency is a major barrier towards virus elimination in HIV-1-infected individuals. Yet, the mechanisms that contribute to the maintenance of HIV-1 latency are incompletely understood. Here we describe the Schlafen 12 protein (SLFN12) as an HIV-1 restriction factor that establishes a post-transcriptional block in HIV-1-infected cells and thereby inhibits HIV-1 replication and virus reactivation from latently infected cells. The inhibitory activity is dependent on the HIV-1 codon usage and on the SLFN12 RNase active sites. Within HIV-1-infected individuals, SLFN12 expression in PBMCs correlated with HIV-1 plasma viral loads and proviral loads suggesting a link with the general activation of the immune system. Using an RNA FISH-Flow HIV-1 reactivation assay, we demonstrate that SLFN12 expression is enriched in infected cells positive for HIV-1 transcripts but negative for HIV-1 proteins. Thus, codon-usage dependent translation inhibition of HIV-1 proteins participates in HIV-1 latency and can restrict the amount of virus release after latency reversal.

Human schistosomiasis is caused by helminths of the genus Schistosoma. Macrophages play a crucial role in the immune regulation of this disease. These cells acquire different phenotypes depending on the type of stimulus they receive. M1 macrophages can be ‘classically activated’ and can display a proinflammatory phenotype. M2 or ‘alternatively activated’ macrophages are considered anti-inflammatory cells. Despite the relevance of macrophages in controlling infections, the role of the functional types of these cells in schistosomiasis is unclear. This review highlights different molecules and/or macrophage activation and polarization pathways during Schistosoma mansoni and Schistosoma japonicum infection. This review is based on original and review articles obtained through searches in major databases, including Scopus, Google Scholar, ACS, PubMed, Wiley, Scielo, Web of Science, LILACS and ScienceDirect. Our findings emphasize the importance of S. mansoni and S. japonicum antigens in macrophage polarization, as they exert immunomodulatory effects in different stages of the disease and are therefore important as therapeutic targets for schistosomiasis and in vaccine development. A combination of different antigens can provide greater protection, as it possibly stimulates an adequate immune response for an M1 or M2 profile and leads to host resistance; however, this warrants in vitro and in vivo studies.

Ethylene glycol is an attractive two-carbon alcohol substrate for bioproduction as it can be derived from CO2 or syngas. Here, the authors design a five-step synthetic metabolic pathway in E. coli to enable the carbon-conserving biosynthesis of the platform chemical 2,4-dihydroxybutyric acid from ethylene glycol.

Introduction: There is scarce clinical experience with etelcalcetide in patients with secondary hyperparathyroidism uncontrolled with cinacalcet. The effect of etelcalcetide on serum sclerostin levels remains to be clarified. Materials and methods: Prospective cohort study in prevalent hemodialysis patients with uncontrolled sHPT under cinacalcet for at least 3 months, mean parathyroid hormone (PTH) > 800 pg/mL and calcium (Ca) > 8.3 mg/dL. Etelcalcetide 5 mg IV/HD was initiated after cinacalcet washout. Levels of PTH, Ca, and phosphorus (Pi) followed monthly for 6 months. Plasma sclerostin levels measured before etelcalcetide treatment and after 6 months. Results: Thirty-four patients were enrolled, 19 (55.9%) male gender. Mean age 60.7 (± 12.3) years; median time on HD 82.5 (7–296) months and median cinacalcet dose was 180 mg/week (Interquartile Range: 180–270).Serum Ca, Pi and PTH levels showed a significant reduction after etelcalcetide treatment from 8.8 mg/dL, 5.4 mg/dL and 1005 pg/mL to 8.1 mg/dL (p = 0.08), 4.9 mg/dL (p = 0.01) and 702 pg/mL (p 800 pg/ml y calcio (Ca) > 8,3 mg/dl. Tras un periodo de lavado, se inició administración intravenosa de etelcalcetida 5 mg/HD y se realizó un seguimiento mensual de los niveles de hormona paratiroidea, Ca y fósforo (Pi) durante 6 meses. Además, los niveles de esclerostina plasmática fueron medidos antes del tratamiento con etelcalcetida y después de 6 meses. Resultados: Se incluyeron 34 pacientes, 19 (55,9%) de sexo masculino. Edad media 60,7 ± 12,3 años; la mediana de tiempo en HD fue 82,5 (7-296) meses y la mediana de la dosis de cinacalcet fue de 180 mg/semana (rango intercuartílico 180-270).Los niveles séricos de Ca, Pi y hormona paratiroidea mostraron una reducción significativa después del tratamiento con etelcalcetida desde 8,8 mg/dl, 5,4 mg/dl y 1005 pg/ml hasta 8,1 mg/dl (p = 0,08), 4,9 mg/dl (p = 0,01) y 702 pg/mL (p

Objetivo: correlacionar o apoio social com o autocuidado de pessoas com insuficiência cardíaca. Método: estudo exploratório, descritivo e transversal, com abordagem quantitativa, realizado com 63 pessoas com insuficiência cardíaca atendidas no ambulatório de cardiologia de um hospital universitário. Os dados foram coletados mediante um instrumento estruturado para obtenção dos dados sociodemográficos e de condições de saúde; a European Heart Failure Self Care Behaviour Scale foi usada para avaliação do autocuidado, cujo escore final tem pontuação invertida, indicando que quanto menor a pontuação, melhor o autocuidado; e a Escala de Apoio Social Medical Outcomes Study, a qual indica, por meio de cinco dimensões (emocional, material, afetivo, informação e interação social), que quanto maior a pontuação, melhor o apoio social. Resultados: quanto à amostra, observou-se uma maior frequência do sexo masculino (57,14%), faixa etária de 60 ou mais (60,31%), casados ou em união estável (65,07%), com cinco a oito anos de estudo (28,57%), sem ocupação (82,5%) e aposentados (57,14%). Quanto ao autocuidado e ao apoio social, obtiveram-se médias satisfatórias de 27,01 (±6,66) e 80,27 (±16,48), respectivamente. Na investigação da correlação entre o apoio social e o autocuidado, identificou-se correlação negativa (r = -0,252), com significância estatística (p ≤ 0,05) entre a dimensão informação e o autocuidado. Conclusão: infere-se que a dimensão informação do apoio social relaciona-se significativamente com o autocuidado de pessoas com insuficiência cardíaca, apontando que o autocuidado se eleva à medida que a dimensão informação aumenta.

BackgroundParkinson’s disease (PD) is a degenerative neurological disorder that usually affects people over the age of 60. However, 10%–20% of patients have an early onset of PD (EOPD).ObjectivesTo compare disability levels according to the World Health Organization Disability Assessment Schedule 2.0 (WHODAS-2) between people with EOPD and those with late-onset PD (LOPD).MethodsWe conducted a cross-sectional study with 95 EOPD patients (mean-age 44.51 ± 4.63, H&Y 1.93 ± 0.93) and 255 LOPD patients (mean-age 63.01 ± 7.99, H&Y 2.02 ± 0.95). Demographic information, clinical characteristics, cognitive evaluation by Telephone-Montreal-Cognitive-Assessment (T-MoCA), functionality self-evaluation by WHODAS-2 and the Unified-Parkinson’s-Disease-Rating-Scale (MDS-UPDRS), parts I and II, were documented for each patient by an individual remote interview.ResultsAnalysis showed a statistically significant difference between EOPD and LOPD in two domains of WHODAS-2 only: cognition (Z-adjusted = 2.60; p-value adjusted

BackgroundPostural instability is a debilitating cardinal symptom of Parkinson’s disease (PD). Its onset marks a pivotal milestone in PD when balance impairment results in disability in many activities of daily living. Early detection of postural instability by non-expensive tools that can be widely used in clinical practice is a key factor in the prevention of falls in widespread population and their negative consequences.ObjectiveThis study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of a two-dimensional balance assessment to identify the decline in postural control associated with PD progression.MethodsThis study recruited 55 people with PD, of which 37 were men. Eleven participants were in stage I, twenty-three in stage II, and twenty-one in stage III. According to the Hoehn and Yahr (H&Y) rating scale, three clinical balance tests (Timed Up and Go test, Balance Evaluation Systems Test, and Push and Release test) were carried out in addition to a static stance test recorded by a two-dimensional movement analysis software. Based on kinematic variables generated by the software, a Postural Instability Index (PII) was created, allowing a comparison between its results and those obtained by clinical tests.ResultsThere were differences between sociodemographic variables directly related to PD evolution. Although all tests were correlated with H&Y stages, only the PII was able to differentiate the first three stages of disease evolution (H&Y I and II: p = 0.03; H&Y I and III: p = 0.00001; H&Y II and III: p = 0.02). Other clinical tests were able to differentiate only people in the moderate PD stage (H&Y III).ConclusionBased on the PII index, it was possible to differentiate the postural control decline among the first three stages of PD evolution. This study offers a promising possibility of a low-cost, early identification of subtle changes in postural control in people with PD in clinical practice.

Objective: To compare the clinical effect of two desensitizing agents used before the application of a bleaching gel based on 35% hydrogen peroxide (HP). Material and Methods: 30 patients were selected, and two desensitizing agents with different mechanisms of action were applied: Fluorine Neutral 2% (FN), which acts by blocking dentinal canaliculi while Potassium Nitrate 5% with 2% Sodium Fluoride (PN/SF) that acts in nerve transmission and blockade. Desensitizers were used before the application of 35% HP. For whitening, three clinical sessions were performed, with an interval of seven days, with three applications of the bleaching gel for 15 minutes, totaling 45 minutes/session. Tooth sensitivity (TS) was assessed with the numerical analog scale, and a spectrophotometer was used to obtain the color variation (ΔE).ΔE were submitted to ANOVA and Tukey test (p

Objective: To analyze the existing state legislation, including not only the ordinary laws, but also their infralegal regulation and the state legislation on Hospital Dentistry. Material and Methods: A survey was carried out in the databases of the Legislative Assemblies of the Brazilian States and the Federal District, as well as the Regional and Federal Councils of Dentistry in Brazil. Subsequently, a survey was carried out in the databases of the Ministry of Health, State Dental Councils and Federal Dental Council in Brazil. Results: Only 8 Brazilian states have legislation in force regarding hospital dentistry, which represents 29.63% of the federative units. Among the Brazilian regions, the Midwest presented the highest prevalence of the laws found (37.50%), followed by the North (25%) and the other regions with the same coverage (12.50%). Also, an orientation and an ordinance from the Ministry of Health, six resolutions from the Federal Council of Dentistry, and a technical note from the National Health Surveillance Agency were found. Conclusion: Several States do not have rules on the subject, making it imperative to create a federal rule that not only imposes the presence of the dentist, but also regulates the proportion of the team, workload, and availability.

Food distribution and abundance can affect intra- and inter-dietary variation in non-human primates, influencing feeding ecology and altering behaviour. Natural and/or human-induced actions can influence the dynamics between primates and the environment, with associated impacts on socio-ecology and demography. This relationship in anthropogenic landscapes, however, is poorly understood. Here, we use DNA metabarcoding to obtain high resolution dietary diversity data, and multivariate generalised linear models to investigate variation in the diet of this threatened primate. We characterise the diet of the western red colobus (Piliocolobus badius) in both the better preserved Gola Rainforest National Park (GRNP, Sierra Leone), and in the fragmented forests of Cantanhez National Park (CNP, Guinea-Bissau), and evaluate biological, ecological and temporal differences. Dietary plant species richness was high in both protected areas, and the type of plants consumed varied significantly across seasons, space, and time. Although we identify dependence on a few key plants, red colobus in CNP consumed a higher average number of plant taxa than in GRNP, and 11% of the diet consisted of cultivated foods (e.g. mango). This is the first time a molecular approach has been used to investigate red colobus diet, and reveal dietary flexibility in degraded forests. Predicting the consequences of dietary change on long-term population persistence, however, remains a significant knowledge gap. Nevertheless, our results provide critical information to inform targeted regional conservation planning and implementation.

Abstract This study analyzed the relationships between the concentration of natural fluoride in public water supply and meteorological and hydrographic factors in a northeastern region of Brazil. This was a descriptive, analytical, ecological, longitudinal, and field study conducted by collecting water in 23 municipalities (2019 to 2020) of four macroregions of Paraíba (Brazil): coast (1), borborema (2), agreste (3), and outback (4). Four collection sites were selected per municipality: two near and two distant from the water treatment plant. Fluoride concentration was determined using a combined ion-specific electrode and classified according to the Collaborating Center of the Ministry of Health in Oral Health Surveillance. Meteorological, hydrographic, and population characteristics were also collected. All analyzed samples showed natural fluoride; macroregions 2 and 4 showed the highest mean fluoride concentration, macroregion 4 presented the highest mean temperature, and all macroregions showed a similar pattern of precipitation. The mean fluoride concentration of the four macroregions was below the appropriate value to prevent caries. An increase in precipitation would decrease the fluoride concentration in water. In conclusion, the concentration of natural fluoride varied according to meteorological and hydrographic factors. The concentration in surface waters increased during periods of low precipitation. Therefore, this study provided important information to support implementation of community water fluoridation in this region.

ABSTRACT Objective: To trace the epidemiological profile of patients with pediatric scoliosis in a tertiary hospital in the region of Campinas - SP, seeking to understand and evaluate the demand of these patients, the results of delay in treatment, and its impact on the progression of the deformity. Methods: An epidemiological, observational, and cross-sectional study was carried out in a digital database, including patients from 0 to 18 years of age, where sociodemographic variables, scoliosis classification, and institutional follow-up and treatment data were collected. Results: The sample had 30 patients who met the inclusion criteria. The age of the patients ranged from 5 years to 18 years, with a mean of 12.8 years. Neuromuscular scoliosis was the most prevalent etiology (40%), followed by congenital scoliosis (36.6%) and, to a lesser extent, idiopathic scoliosis (23.3%). The patient follow-up time between the first and last appointment has an average of 74.7 months. When the specialty monitors the patient, the initial and final Cobb angles are evaluated in degrees, with a percentage increase of 40.3%. Delay in care (outpatient care, conservative treatment, or surgery) was identified in 25 patients (83.3% of the sample). Conclusion: Most of the patients evaluated showed evolution of the scoliosis condition, especially due to the delay in care, failure to obtain surgical treatment, or even conservative treatment in an adequate time, with an increase in the magnitude of the curve and greater severity of the case. Level of Evidence III; Observational, Cross-Sectional Study.

Abstract The objective of this work was to evaluate the infestation of the flower-bud-fly in different sizes of flower buds and to relate the infestation with the plant phenology and weather variables. In the 2017/18 and 2018/19 seasons, flower buds of plants were collected to obtain pupae, adults, and parasitoids in a commercial orchard of sour passion fruit, in Sombrio, state of Santa Catarina. The level of infestation, pupal viability, and percentage of parasitism were calculated. Every fortnight, the vegetative and reproductive structures of 12 orchard plants (0.25 m² per plant), randomly distributed, were monitored, as soon as they reached the height of the trellis. Three population peaks of the floral bud fly were observed in the seasons, which preferred to oviposit in buds larger than 2 cm. The critical period for pest monitoring and control occurred between November and December. The average temperature and precipitation were the main factors that influenced the production of sour passion fruit. The average temperature was correlated with the emission of flower buds and the emergence of lonqueids. D. inedulis was the predominant species in flower buds, in which Dasiopssp.1, Dasiops sp. 2, and Neosilba certa were reported for the first time. It was also the first report of Utetes anastrephae and Aganaspis pelleranoias parasitoids of larvae-pupae of the flower bud fly of the sour passion fruit tree in Santa Catarina.

Introdução: O acesso à água segura é um desafio importante em saúde global e um direito humano fundamental. A qualidade da água consumida pela população é garantida por meio da verificação contínua e do controle de substâncias, como o fluoreto. Embora tenha havido uma melhora nas práticas de ajuste da concentração de fluoreto na água, ainda são identificadas situações de desconformidade em diferentes territórios e países. Objetivo: Verificar se a concentração de fluoreto nos sistemas de abastecimento de água dos municípios brasileiros estava de acordo com o padrão esperado para prevenir a cárie dentária, levando em consideração as características demográficas, socioeconômicas e de gestão dos municípios. Método: Realizou-se um estudo ecológico para avaliar a cobertura dos registros de vigilância do fluoreto e sua conformidade com os sistemas de abastecimento de água no Brasil em 2018, com base no intervalo ótimo de concentração recomendada pelo Centro Colaborador do Ministério da Saúde em Vigilância da Saúde Bucal (0,445-0,944 mg F/L). Para isso, foram coletados dados de concentração do fluoreto no Sistema de Informação de Vigilância da Qualidade da Água para Consumo Humano. Resultados: Dos municípios providos por sistemas de abastecimento de água e que mantinham registros atualizados, 38,5% tinham informação válida e 42,2% destes apresentavam 80,0% ou mais dos registros de fluoreto dentro do intervalo esperado para prevenção da cárie dentária. A cobertura da informação e da conformidade foram mais altas nos municípios com 50 mil habitantes ou mais; com IDH alto e muito alto; com índice de Gini < 0,49; com PIB per capita e despesa per capita em vigilância sanitária mais elevadas. Conclusões: A cobertura da informação e da conformidade foi maior nos municípios com os melhores indicadores socioeconômicos e de desempenho da gestão, sugerindo a necessidade do ajuste das estratégias da política de vigilância de qualidade da água visando o controle da cárie dentária em nível populacional.

ABSTRACT OBJECTIVE To depict the influence of discretionary actions exercised by frontline professionals and organizations on the implementation of diverse modalities of access to specialized dental care within the Care Network for Persons with Disabilities. METHODS A case study conducted in two Brazilian health regions characterized by distinct means of access to specialized dental care employing documentary analysis and interviews with key stakeholders across the period spanning from July to December 2019. RESULTS In the referenced access region, there was a notable centrality of Primary Health Care (PHC) in caregiving, wherein planning and assessment were integral components of institutional routines. Where spontaneous demand scheduling was accepted, sporadic exchanges of information were evident between PHC units and specialized facilities. The coordination role in caregiving was not vested in PHC teams, and activities such as planning and assessment were not assimilated into organizational routines. CONCLUSIONS The implementation of policies for specialized dental care for persons with disabilities relied on the coordination furnished by PHC and the orchestration of planning and assessment endeavors aimed at establishing an integrated care network. This implementation proved subject to the discretionary authority of frontline professionals and organizations, highlighting the significant role of relational and institutional environments in the context of public policy implementation within a decentralized and regionalized healthcare system.

Introdution: Anti-erythrocytes are complex proteins, produced in response to one or more epitopes on the surface of red blood cells are regular or irregular. The screening irregular antibodies based on the Indirect Antiglobulina Test (IAT) method aims to observe in vitro the antibodies present in the bloodstream against red blood cells with known antigen profiles. Which are selected based on the main antigens of the blood group system (D, C, E, c, e, M, N, S, s, P1, Le a, Le b, K, k,Fy a, Fy b, Jk a, Jk b and Di a). The presence of irregular alloantibodies in blood donors is of clinical importance due to their immunogenicity. Objective: To investigate the prevalence of irregular antibodies in blood donors from the Institute of Hematology and Hemotherapy of Amapá. Material and methods: Prospective observational study of the prevalence of irregular antibodies in blood donors from the Institute of Hematology and Hemotherapy of Amapá, from October 2022 to June 2023. The samples was obtained from voluntary donors, able to donate, between 18 and 69 yearsold, both sexes, with formal consent for routine laboratory tests. The tests was performed by the agglutination method on a gel card followed by centrifugation, with ID-Diacell Pollsuspension of red blood cells at 0.8%±0.1, microwells with gel containing rabbit anti-humanglobulin and C3d monoclonal ID-Card Liss/Coombs, vials of ID-Diapanel test RBCs(Diamed Latino América S.A). Results: During the studied period, 10.029 blood donors was registered in the HEMOVIDA System, 63.5% (n = 6.371) male e 36.5% (n = 3.658) female, 10/10.029 (0.1%) donors with PositiveScreening irregular antibody , 1 (1/10, 10%) male and 9 (9/10, 90%) female. The Identified antibodies: anti-D (40%; n = 04), anti-Di a (20%; n = 02), anti-Kp a (10%; n = 01), anti-K (10%; n = 01), anti-N (10%; n = 01), anti-k (10%; n = 01). No antibody association were detected in thestudied samples. Antibody specificities were mostly identified in female, with the exceptionof anti-N (10%; n = 01) found in male donors. Discussion: The occurrence of irregular antibodies in the general population is 0.3% to 2.0. Although thesample size of this study was relatively proportional to the number of blood donors ah theblood center, compared to the state population, it provides an estimate of irregular antibodyfrequencies in blood donors from the Amazon. However, more research is needed for a morecomprehensive understanding of the frequency of irregular antibodies in different blooddonors populations. Conclusions: The genetic pool of people who migrate to Amapá has a strong relationship withmiscegenation of erythrocyte antibodies found in the population. Large-scale studies areneeded to assess the magnitude of irregular antibodies in blood donors and assess theirclinical impact on the recipient population.