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Khaya (Meliaceae) is a widespread genus of trees distributed from the tropical forests of Africa to Madagascar and the Comoros. Khaya species are very close morphologically and some contain considerable phenotypic and ecological diversity, raising the question of their delimitation: this is the case of Khaya anthotheca s.l. (sensu lato, including K. nyasica), which is often lumped with K. grandifoliola and K. ivorensis. We tested species delimitation within K. anthotheca by combining population‐genetic and morphological data. First, a visual inspection of over a thousand specimens suggested the existence of five morphogroups. Second, after genotyping 498 samples at 71 nuclear SNPs, Bayesian clustering analyses (STRUCTURE) first identified five genetic clusters (K1–K5), while further analyses subdivided K5 into two clusters. The six genetic clusters obtained are distributed in parapatry or allopatry from West Africa to East Africa, except for cluster K4, which is in sympatry with K3 in Central Africa. The partitioning of genetic clusters is also largely congruent with the morphogroups identified. The morphological differentiation of these clusters was confirmed by statistical analyses of 27 leaf characters. The clear‐cut genetic differentiation between clusters, with few admixed genotypes even in contact zones, argues for the recognition of distinct species following the biological species concept. Our analyses highlight that the current taxonomic treatment of Khaya underestimates by one‐half the total number of species. We identify two new species, circumscribe K. anthotheca and support the rehabilitation at the rank of species of three taxa considered to be synonyms of K. anthotheca (K. agboensis, K. euryphylla, K. nyasica). These results illustrate the strength of combining population‐genetic and morphological data to delineate an African rainforest tree species complex. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This paper presents a service-oriented development methodology for wide-area cyber–physical systems (CPS) such as smart grid and vehicular networks. Unlike the traditional task-based development approach from the domains of automotive and avionics, the proposed service-oriented development methodology inherently enables disruption-free incremental system deployment and reconfiguration that are fundamental requirements for handling the “always-online” nature of emerging wide-area CPS application domains such as smart grid and vehicular networks. The proposed service-oriented CPS development methodology extends the traditional service-oriented computing (SOC) paradigm for handling hard real-time CPS aspects by introducing resource-aware service deployment and quality-of-service (QoS)-aware service operation phases. The proposed CPS development methodology also supports a streamlined formal interface between the traditional computer-aided feedback controller design environments and SOC paradigm. The paper utilizes a simulation-based smart grid case study to illustrate the advantages of the proposed methodology for developing wide-area cyber–physical systems with improved safety and security characteristics. The paper also identifies a set of technological requirements for the proposed service-oriented CPS development methodology that should guide future research in this area. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

During the preparation of the Vascular Flora of the Marquesas Islands and Flore de la Polynésie française, four new species of Ixora L. (Rubiaceae) have come to light and are described and illustrated herein: Ixora jourdanii Mouly & J.Florence, Ixora tahuataensis Mouly & J.Florence, Ixora uahukaensis Lorence & W.L.Wagner, and Ixora uapouensis Lorence & W.L.Wagner. In addition to these new taxa, the following three species of Ixora previously described from the Marquesas are recognized: Ixora marquesensis F.Br., Ixora ooumuensis J.Florence, and Ixora spathoidea F.Br. As the Marquesan environment is under serious threat from human impact, feral animals and weeds, the conservation status was estimated for each Ixora species. It is concluded that all Marquesan taxa are in need of inclusion in the IUCN Red List, their status ranging from endangered to critically endangered. © 2007 The Linnean Society of London, Botanical Journal of the Linnean Society, 2007, 155, 581–597. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]