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Introduction Cell repair dynamics are crucial in optimizing anti-cancer therapies. Various assays (eg, comet assay and γ-H2AX) assess post-radiation repair kinetics, but interpreting such data is challenging and model-based data analyses are required. However, ambiguities in parameter calibration remain an unsolved challenge. To address this, we propose combining survival dose-rate effects with computer simulations to gain knowledge about repair kinetics. Methods After a literature review, theoretical discriminators based on common fractionation/dose-rate-related effects were defined to discard unrealistic model dynamics. The Multi-Hit Repair (MHR) model was calibrated with canine osteosarcoma Abrams cell line data to study the discriminators’ efficacy in scenarios with limited survival data. Additionally, survival dose-rate-dependent data from the human SiHa cervical cancer cell line were used to illustrate the survival behavior at diverse dose-rates and the capability of the MHR to model these data. Results SiHa data confirmed the validity of the proposed discriminators. The discriminators filtered 99% of parameter sets, improving the calibration of Abrams cells data. Furthermore, results from both cell lines may hint universal aspects of cellular repair. Conclusions Dose-rate theoretical discrimination criteria are an effective method to understand repair kinetics and improve radiobiological model calibration. Moreover, this methodology may be used to analyze diverse biological data using dynamic models in-silico .

RESUMO O objetivo do artigo é compor uma narrativa das denúncias e acusações trocadas entre o governador de São Paulo, Antônio da Silva Caldeira Pimentel, e o clã de Bartolomeu Bueno da Silva, em torno da legitimidade das mercês afiançadas pelo rei de Portugal em caso de descoberta de jazidas de ouro em Goiás. Atentos aos ruídos que circulam por uma rede de relacionamentos interpessoais, almejam acessar direitos e benefícios no disputado campo político do império. Pretende-se igualmente pôr em relevo as intenções dos protagonistas por trás da guerra de narrativas: ambos esperam legitimar seus argumentos e fragilizar a posição do oponente. Alimentando intrigas e atraindo o monarca para o epicentro das disputas, as acusações de abusos contra autoridades desvelam a natureza das relações tecidas entre os agentes coloniais - experiências balizadas pela posição social dos envolvidos no tabuleiro das disputas na América portuguesa.

Hemidactylus mabouia (Moreau de Jonnès, 1818) is an African species introduced and widely distributed in South America. We report H. mabouia for the first time in the municipal campsite of Colonia Carlos Pellegrini (province of Corrientes, Argentina) and in Salvador Mazza (province of Salta, Argentina). These new records increase the known distribution in Argentina of this invasive species, and they are the first from Salta, and only the second from Corrientes.

Abstract In this article, we present an approach to solve a wide range of nonlinear equations formulated in extended b-metric spaces based on a new fixed-point theorem on these spaces. This research effort was motivated by challenges arising in solving pattern problems efficiently that can not be addressed by using standard metric spaces. Our approach relies on a novel common fixed-point theorem for Ćirić-type operators on extended b-metric spaces requiring only very weak assumptions that we present and derive in this article. The proposed approach is illustrated by applications asserting the existence and uniqueness of the solutions to Bellman equations, Volterra integral equations, and fractional differential equations formulated in extended b-metric spaces. Moreover, the obtained results provide general constructive recursive procedures to solve the above types of nonlinear equations.

Abstract Growth alterations have been described in patients operated on for oral clefts. The purpose of this work was to analyze the craniofacial and palate morphology and dimensions of young adults operated on for oral clefts in early childhood in Spain. Eighty-three patients from eight different hospitals were divided into four groups based on their type of cleft: cleft lip (CL, n = 6), unilateral cleft lip and palate (UCLP, n = 37), bilateral cleft lip and palate (BCLP, n = 16), and cleft palate only (CPO, n = 24). A control group was formed of 71 individuals. Three-dimensional (3D) digital models were obtained from all groups with an intraoral scanner, together with cephalometries and frontal, lateral, and submental facial photographs. Measurements were obtained and analyzed statistically. Our results showed craniofacial alterations in the BCLP, UCLP, and CPO groups with an influence on the palate, maxilla, and mandible and a direct impact on facial appearance. This effect was more severe in the BCLP group. Measurements in the CL group were similar to those in the control group. Cleft characteristics and cleft type seem to be the main determining factors of long-term craniofacial growth alterations in these patients. Prospective research is needed to clearly delineate the effects of different treatments on the craniofacial appearance of adult cleft patients.

Antecedentes: La epilepsia es una patología frecuente en pediatría; representa el mayor número de referencias al Servicio de Neurología. En Honduras son pocas las publicaciones recientes del tema. Objetivo: Describir las características clínicas y sociodemográficas de pacientes con epilepsia en un centro nacional de referencia pediátrica. Métodos: Estudio descriptivo retrospectivo. Se utilizaron expedientes clínicos de pacientes atendidos en Consulta Externa de Neuropediatría Hospital María, Especialidades Pediátricas (HMEP), Tegucigalpa, Honduras, durante mayo 2015-marzo 2019. Para el análisis de datos se utilizó estadística descriptiva. Resultados: De los 334 pacientes, el sexo masculino fue el más afectado 55.7% (186), procedentes de zona urbana 69.5% (232); la mediana de edad fue 7 años. En 26.3% (88) de los casos, el padre estuvo ausente y el 81.1% (271) de los pacientes eran hijos de madre desempleada. Como etiología se encontró que el 54.4% (182) fue desconocida. El 26.3% (88) tuvo antecedente familiar de epilepsia y el 50.6% (174/344) de los pacientes tuvieron eventualidad perinatal, de estos 24.7% (43/174) presentó asfixia neonatal. El 32.7% (108/330) se encontraban en estado de malnutrición. Las crisis focales fueron más frecuentes y el factor precipitante de crisis más común fue abandono de tratamiento. El 36.6% (126) tenía algún tipo de discapacidad, siendo la cognitiva la más sobresaliente. Discusión: Es necesario reforzar estrategias de salud pública dirigidas a la prevención prenatal, natal y posnatal de la epilepsia, brindar apoyo a las familias monoparentales y asegurar acceso continuo a servicios de salud.

Optimal control provides powerful tools and concepts that can be applied to control quantum systems. It has been used extensively to improve the performance of quantum processes in a variety of active areas in quantum technologies. This paper reviews the necessary conditions of optimality in the form of a Pontryagin Maximum Principle (PMP), and introduces its formulations for quantum systems. After formulating an optimal control problem for a two-level quantum system, we then study the application of PMP to obtain an optimal control strategy.

We address the distributed energy management problem of the economic dispatch of grids in order to balance the power demand and supply. By manipulating the primal problem, we show that the resulting dual problem can be solved by using a decentralized linearized alternating direction method of multipliers. As consequence, in this paper, we propose an optimization based algorithm that enjoys the advantages of both the primal and the dual domain methods. Contrary to the Alternating Direction Method of Multipliers (ADMM), the proposed algorithm exhibits a lower computational cost not requiring at each main step iteration an explicit resolution of a local optimization problem. Moreover, we show through computer simulations that for the IEEE 14-bus and the IEEE 39-bus distribution test system the proposed algorithm achieves a significantly higher convergence rate when compared with recent approaches in the literature to solve the proposed economic dispatch problem.

Host-defense peptides (HDP) are emerging as promising phytosanitaries due to their potency, low plant, animal and environmental toxicity, and above all, low induction of antimicrobial resistance. These natural compounds, which have been used by animals and plants over millions of years to defend themselves against pathogens, are being discovered by genome mining, and then produced using biofactories. Moreover, truncated or otherwise modified peptides, including ultra-short ones, have been developed to improve their bioactivities and biodistribution, and also to reduce production costs. The synergistic combination of HDP and other antimicrobials, and the development of hybrid molecules have also given promising results. Finally, although their low induction of antimicrobial resistance is a big advantage, cautionary measures for the sustainable use of HDPs, such as the use of precision agriculture tools, were discussed.

O artigo aborda o conceito doutrinário e jurídico da prisão em flagrante no Brasil, visando analisá-la de uma ótica normativa e constitucional, a partir de uma abordagem histórica. De igual modo, pretende elucidar a relevância da interpretação do Processo Penal brasileiro segundo o viés garantista trazido pela constituição de 1988, enaltecendo os Direitos Fundamentais no enfoque da privação de liberdade de um indivíduo, conforme o instituto do flagrante de delito. Conclui-se que embora a prisão em flagrante cumpra a função de impedir que o crime produza consequências ulteriores e evite a fuga do acusado, os preceitos constitucionais poderão ser constantemente violados na prática, concedendo margens para eventuais ilegalidades no ato da privação de liberdade nos casos do flagrante de delito, aonde a legislação normativa vem a ser mais criteriosa.

This work concerns the optimal control of a passive particle in viscous flows. This is relevant since, while there are many studies on optimal control in inviscid flows, there is little to no work in this context for viscous flows, and viscosity cannot always be neglected. Furthermore, in many tasks, there is a need to reduce the energy spent; thus, energy-optimal solutions to problems are important. The aim of this work is to investigate how to optimally move a passive particle advected by a Lamb–Oseen (viscous) vortex between two given points in space in a given time interval while minimising the energy spent on this process. We take a control acting only on the radial component of the motion, and, by using the Pontryagin’s Maximum Principle, we find an explicit time-dependent extremal. We also analyse how the energy cost changes with the viscosity of the flow.The problem is transformed into a parameter search problem with two parameters related to the radial and angular coordinates of the initial point. The energy cost of the process increases with viscosity as long as the passive particle maintains the number of full turns it makes around the vortex. However, the energy cost increases if the increase in viscosity forces the particle to make fewer full revolutions around the vortex.

This article concerns the optimality conditions for a smooth optimal control problem with an endpoint and mixed constraints. Under the normality assumption, which corresponds to the full-rank condition of the associated controllability matrix, a simple proof of the second-order necessary optimality conditions based on the Robinson stability theorem is derived. The main novelty of this approach compared to the known results in this area is that only a local regularity with respect to the mixed constraints, that is, a regularity in an ε-tube about the minimizer, is required instead of the conventional stronger global regularity hypothesis. This affects the maximum condition. Therefore, the normal set of Lagrange multipliers in question satisfies the maximum principle, albeit along with the modified maximum condition, in which the maximum is taken over a reduced feasible set. In the second part of this work, we address the case of abnormal minimizers, that is, when the full rank of controllability matrix condition is not valid. The same type of reduced maximum condition is obtained.

O artigo apresenta dois estudos que sintetizam o rompimento com o passado dos trilhos e do vapor e a esperança no futuro das rodovias e do automóvel, na cidade de Anápolis, localizada entre as cidades de Brasília (capital federal) e Goiânia (capital do Estado de Goiás). A partir da memória individual e coletiva, serão analisadas, uma casa modernista construída em uma zona rural na década de 1960 – tomando a arquitetura como símbolo de ruptura com o passado e advento da modernidade – bem como uma avenida e sua consolidação como eixo cívico e vetor econômico que simboliza a força do capitalismo na produção do espaço. Assim, buscou-se compreender, através da materialização da paisagem, a relação da cidade com a construção de sua história.

A partir das especificidades de Goiás no século XVIII, marcadas por grandes distâncias geográficas e um ritmo peculiar dos acontecimentos, acompanhamos alguns embates entre oficiais régios e membros do senado da câmara de Vila Boa. Em Goiás, conectado ao mundo atlântico português, o monarca (cabeça da monarquia) representa a figura de um juiz distante. Suas decisões impõem limites às ações dos contendores. Neste cenário, ao denunciar a força e as fragilidades dos protagonistas, a dinâmica desses conflitos desvela a natureza das relações de poder nos sertões de Goiás.

Abstract: the object of this article is to investigate the changes in the Protestantism associated with the New Pentecostalism, checking your correlation with the consumer culture. The aim is to understand the transformations of Protestants beliefs that make possible a Neopentecostal theodicy in the religious scenario, through exam of the possible correlations between such transformations and broad cultural processes linked to centrality of consumption in modern societies. A dinâmica religiosa dos fiéis: Neopentecostalismo e relações de consumo Resumo; O objetivo deste artigo é investigar as transformações no protestantismo associadas ao neopentecostalismo, verificando sua correspondência à cultura de consumo. Pretende-se compreender as transformações das crenças protestantes que tornam possível uma teodicéia neopentecostal no cenário religioso, por meio do exame de eventuais correlações entre tais transformações e processos culturais mais amplos vinculados à centralidade do consumo nas sociedades modernas.

Unsaturated carbohydrate derivatives are useful intermediates in synthetic transformations leading to a variety of compounds. The aim of this review is to highlight the rich chemistry of ∆-2,3 unsaturated pyranosides, emphasizing the variety of transformations that have been carried out in these substrates during the last decade.

In this article we propose to analyse the mechanisms used for the political elites of Vila Boa, which hadthe intent to expand their powers within the city. Considering this objective, the strategy of the municipal officers includes some special mechanisms of pressure on the economies of other urban cores, spread on the territory of Goiás during the 18th century. Around this configuration, it is necessary to broaden our field of observation to understand the events and relationships woven into the political field of Goiás. In fact, a real urban network opened with all virtual possibilities of economic domination, in addition to other activities that were acting as attractive elements for local political groups... Keywords: Political Elites; Urban Network of Goiás; Portuguese America.

A total of 55 skeletal characters (continuous and discrete) were analyzed for species of the L. darwinii group: L. albiceps, L. chacoensis, L. grosseorum, L. irregularis, L. koslowskyi, L. ornatus, L. quilmes, plus L. inacayali (L. telsen group) and L. scapularis (L. wiegmannii group). We report polymorphic intraspecific variation that was not previously taken into account and we describe 21 new characters that provide original information across the group. We detected several morphological synapomorphies for the darwinii group and subclades. Meckel’s cartilage enclosed by dentary outgrowth on lingual side of lower jaw (synapomorphy of the subgenus Liolaemus sensu stricto, and of the patagonicus group of Phymaturus) occurs also within the L. darwinii group. The morphology of maxillary teeth with three conspicuous cusps can be a potential synapomorphy of the Eulaemus subgenus. As we show in the present study, the morphology of maxillary teeth can have an adaptive value. Characters that were studied in other groups of lizards were informative for Liolaemus.

Lugar de concentração de poderes diversos, Vila Boa de Goiás se ampara de um corpo político. Pedra angular na gênese do corpo político da cidade, o Senado da Câmara se organiza e se projeta sobre o espaço urbano, submetendo os outros corpos sociais a seu comando e governo. Nesse processo, nem o espaço sagrado da cidade, nem os grupos ou membros das instituições religiosas, ficarão imunes às ações dos oficiais municipais. Suas iniciativas, contudo, vão suscitar resistências que darão forma aos embates entre o poder secular e as autoridades eclesiásticas nas minas de Goiás.

Vila Boa constituiu-se em centro político e administrativo com jurisdição sobre a vasta região das minas de Goiás, durante o século XVIII. Até o início do século XIX, era a única vila em toda a capitania, cujo território encontrava-se pontilhado de arraiais, formando uma rede de pequenos centros urbanos. Desprovidos da condição de vila imperial, estes arraiais se curvavam, do ponto de vista político e econômico, ante o poder de Vila Boa de Goiás. Nesse contexto, o que nos interessa mais diretamente neste artigo são as estratégias que um centro de poder dominante utiliza para garantir as condições e o direito de sobrepor seus próprios interesses a outros centros urbanos. Funcionando como importante atrativo para as elites locais, esta condição política foi objeto de grandes esforços e intensa dedicação por parte das autoridades municipais, visando garantir a preeminência de Vila Boa sobre os arraiais existentes nas minas de Goiás.Vila Boa de Goias was an administrative and political urban center with jurisdiction over a large region during the eighteenth century. Up till the beginning of the nineteenth century, it was the only town (vila) of Goias State, whose territory was sprinkled with many settlements, (arraiais), forming a network of small urban centers. Without the status of imperial vila, these arraiais bowed before the power of Vila Boa de Goias especially when it came to economic and political issues. In this context, what interests us most in this article is to analyze the strategies used by one urban center in being able to dominate and to guarantee the conditions and the rights to overlap its own interests upon the interests of other urban centers. Transformed into an important attraction of the local elites, this privileged political condition was the aim of great efforts and intense devotion among the municipal authorities to safeguard Vila Boa's superiority over the existent arraiais located near the mines of Goias.

Although many phylogenetic studies have been made on the genus Liolaemus, they are inappropriate for a biogeographic study because of incomplete taxon sampling. Here we develop a biogeographic analysis using a new phylogenetic study of the chiliensis group, which differs from the other studies in having his members fully represented. The biogeographic analysis presented here consists in reconstructing the ancestral area of this clade, under three different methods of analysis: Fitch Optimisation, Dispersal Vicariance Analysis and Weighted Ancestral Area Analysis. The analyses were made on phylogenies from parsimony under equally weighted characters, as well as under implied weighting. The equally weighted tree recovers most of the groupings proposed in previous studies. The strict consensus of the implied weighting trees recovers fifteen groups, but there is no agreement of the relationships between those groups. The ancestral area analyses agree in an Andean-Patagonian origin for the chiliensis clade, and are congruent with previous hypotheses and paleontological data.Ainda que tenham sido feito muitos estudos filogenéticos no gênero Liolaemus, os mesmos não são apropriados para uma análise biogeográfica, porque não possuem uma amostragem taxonômica adequada. Desenvolve-se neste trabalho, uma análise biogeográfica do grupo de L. chiliensis, que se diferencia das contribuições prévias por representar a todos os membros do grupo. A análise biogeográfica consiste em reconstruir a área ancestral deste clado, utilizando três métodos diferentes: Otimização de Fitch, Análise de Dispersão-Vicariância e Áreas Ancestrais Pesadas. As análises foram realizadas em filogenias feitas com o critério de parsimônia sob pesos iguais e pesos implicados. A árvore obtida sob pesos iguais, recupera a maioria dos grupos encontrados em análises prévias. O consenso estrito das árvores de pesos implicados, recupera quinze grupos, mas não pode-se estabelecer as relações entre eles. A análise de áreas ancestrais permite postular a região Andino-Patagônica como provável área ancestral, resultado este, congruente com hipóteses prévias e com informação paleontológica.

Phylogenetic relationships within the liolaemid lizard genus Phymaturus were studied using parsimony analysis of morphological data. The data set includes 133 characters: 28 described in the literature as apomorphies of the three genera of Liolaemidae (Ctenoblepharys, Liolaemus, and Phymaturus), 21 published characters of allozymes and karyology, 53 characters taken from external morphology across all terminals of Phymaturus, and 31 from the skeletal anatomy. This data set includes representatives of 10 of the 12 species currently recognized in the literature plus twelve other terminals considered in this study and representing independent lineages assigned to patagonicus or palluma. Four of these terminals are described in the present study as new species, one belonging to the palluma group and the other three to the patagonicus group. We performed four analyses using different methods of coding binary polymorphic characters, and a new method for treating continuous characters. The traditional division of the genus in two groups is not supported here, with the patagonicus group resulting paraphyletic in some of the analyses. The palluma group is monophyletic and supported by many characters. A majority rule consensus tree of all runs recovers a reasonably well-resolved topology of the group. All analyses recovered a northern subclade within the palluma group, formed by species distributed in Argentina from northern of San Juan province (north to 30 degrees of latitude). In this analysis palluma from El Planchón (Chile) was found to be more closely related to this northern subclade than any other "palluma" form.Estudaram-se as relações dentro do gênero Phymaturus da familia Liolaemidae, usando análise de parsimônia de uma matriz formada principalmente por dados morfológicos. A matriz inclui 133 caracteres: 28 descritos na literatura como apomorfias dos três gêneros de Liolaemidae (Ctenoblepharys, Liolaemus e Phymaturus), 21 caracteres de alozimas e cariologia, 53 caracteres de morfologia externa e 31 do esqueleto, de todos os terminais de Phymaturus. A matriz inclui representantes de dez das doze espécies reconhecidas na literatura, e outros 12 terminais que neste estudo se consideram linhagens independentes e identificadas como P. patagonicus ou P. palluma na literatura prévia e nas coleções. Quatro destes terminais são descritos neste trabalho como espécies novas, uma pertencente ao grupo de P. palluma e outras três ao grupo de P. patagonicus. Realizaram-se quatro análises usando quatro métodos diferentes para codificar binariamente caracteres polimórficos, e um novo método para codificar os caracteres contínuos. A divisão tradicional do gênero em dois grupos não é apoiada pelo presente estudo, o grupo de P. patagonicus é parafilético em parte da análise. O grupo de P. palluma é monofilético e se sustenta por vários caracteres, as árvores de consenso por maioria, de todas as análises, mostraram com exceção de um par de politomías, uma topologia do grupo bem resolvida. Dentro do grupo de P. palluma, encontra-se um subclado formado por espécies distribuídas no norte da Argentina desde o norte da província de San Juan (ao norte dos 30° de latitude). Nesta análise, o P. palluma de El Planchón (Chile), relaciona-se mais com este subclado do norte que com qualquer outra forma de "P. palluma".

Nos presente artigo, abordamos a ação da Coroa portuguesa uma conjuntura de instabilidade política, com o intuito de compreender o movimento de controle progressivo exercido através das engrenagens do Estado colonial português nas minas de Goiás. Aos poucos, a cada movimento de rebeldia dos poderes locais, o rei de Portugal avança suas peças no tabuleiro da geopolítica regional e um importante repertório institucional vai sendo projetado sobre o território ocupado pelas minas de ouro. Neste contexto, através da narrativa dos confitos e motins, buscamos por em evidência as relações de força e poder que indicam a existência de reações aos projetos e às pretensões de Lisboa.

The psychological and social impact of the lipodystrophy syndrome on HIV-infected individuals may be quite considerable and adversely affect their quality of life. Currently no validated assessment tool for facial lipoatrophy is available. The main objective of this paper is to evaluate the reliability of interactive anthropometric landmark localization based on digitized 3D facial images. By comparing both computed tomography (CT) and structured light scanning we try to demonstrate that surface scanning shows a higher sensitivity in measuring facial reference points. Besides, we evaluate the reproducibility of facial 3D white-light scans. Three HIVpositive men attending our plastic surgery outpatient clinic for treatment of facial lipodystrophy were enrolled in the study. Localization of anthropometric landmarks measurements was performed on the patients. All patients underwent a facial CT and a facial white-light scanning on the same day. The inter-landmark distances measured on facial models developed from CT aided with VirSSPA 3D software and structured light scanning were compared to the real human models. We found that facial distances measured in the CT 3D reconstruction showed a mean error margin of 0.357 cm from the real distances measured on patients. On the contrary, mean error margin with the white-light scanning was of 0.096 cm. In both cases, measurements were found to be statistically significant (P

A temporalidade da espera associada aos intervalos impostos pelas distâncias geográficas à burocracia do governo colonial instala a vida dos habitantes de Goiás num ambiente transitório, constituído de eventos provisórios, onde os protagonistas devem fazer face às incertezas, enquanto esperam pelas decisões do rei de Portugal. Com a morte súbita do capitão-general João Manoel de Melo, a formação de um governo provisório aparece como estratégia das elites locais para controlar o tempo de espera e preencher o vazio de poder deixado pela ausência do governador. Neste cenário, os acontecimentos são percebidos como interações de força, cujas tensões podem transformar, ainda que transitoriamente, as relações estabelecidas na hierarquia dos poderes do império.

A higher-order state-constrained optimal control problem is considered. A nondegenerate maximum principle is obtained based on the corresponding inward and outward pointing conditions of the higher order. Simple examples demonstrate how the new optimality conditions exclude degenerate sets of Lagrange multipliers, while the conventional approach fails to do so. The conservation law is derived as a consequence of extremality. The connection to the classical form of optimality conditions is investigated. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This work concerns the optimal control of a passive particle in viscous flows. This is relevant since, while there are many studies on optimal control in inviscid flows, there is little to no work in this context for viscous flows, and viscosity cannot always be neglected. Furthermore, in many tasks, there is a need to reduce the energy spent; thus, energy-optimal solutions to problems are important. The aim of this work is to investigate how to optimally move a passive particle advected by a Lamb–Oseen (viscous) vortex between two given points in space in a given time interval while minimising the energy spent on this process. We take a control acting only on the radial component of the motion, and, by using the Pontryagin's Maximum Principle, we find an explicit time-dependent extremal. We also analyse how the energy cost changes with the viscosity of the flow.The problem is transformed into a parameter search problem with two parameters related to the radial and angular coordinates of the initial point. The energy cost of the process increases with viscosity as long as the passive particle maintains the number of full turns it makes around the vortex. However, the energy cost increases if the increase in viscosity forces the particle to make fewer full revolutions around the vortex. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]