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Alejandro Artero-García,1 Juan Gómez-Salgado,2,3 Francisco Javier Fernández-Carrasco,4 Juana María Vázquez-Lara,4 Juan Jesús García-Iglesias,2 Beatriz Mérida-Yáñez,4 Francisco Javier Muñoz-Vela,5 Luciano Rodríguez-Díaz4 1Department of Emergency. Ceuta University Hospital, Ceuta, 51002, Spain; 2Department of Sociology, Social Work and Public Health, Faculty of Labour Sciences, University of Huelva, Huelva, 21007, Spain; 3Safety and Health Postgraduate Programme, Universidad Espíritu Santo, Guayaquil, 092301, Ecuador; 4Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Granada, Ceuta, 51005, Spain; 5Regional University Hospital, Andalusian Health Service, Málaga, 29010, SpainCorrespondence: Juan Gómez-Salgado; Juan Jesús García-Iglesias, Department of Sociology, Social Work and Public Health, Faculty of Labour Sciences, University of Huelva, Avda. Tres de Marzo, S/N, Huelva, 21007, Spain, Tel +34 959219700, Email salgado@uhu.es; juanjesus.garcia@dstso.uhu.esObjective: Patients transported by Helicopter Emergency Medical Services (HEMS) suffer a series of haemodynamic changes, mainly in terms of blood pressure, heart rate, and oxygen saturation, which worsen at different stages of the flight. The aim of this study was to identify haemodynamic changes in adult patients transported by the Helicopter Emergency Medical Service.Methods: A systematic review of studies published between January 2013 to April 2023 was conducted following the PRISMA 2020 guidelines criteria in the Pubmed, Scopus and Web of Science electronic databases. Methodological quality was assessed using the critical appraisal tool for non-randomised studies of the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI). The followed protocol has been registered in the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO) with code CRD4202222355798. Two independent reviewers read and extracted the information of the studies.Results: Eight studies were included in the review, which showed significant haemodynamic changes during transport by HEMS. All studies recorded readings at three points of the mission: pre-flight, in-flight, and post-flight. The greatest change in physiological variables is visible in oxygen saturation, during the in-flight phase, with a decrease in this value. Blood pressure mainly increased in various phases of the mission, especially in the in-flight phase. Heart rate also changed across the mission phases, mainly in the pre-flight and post-flight phases, increasing and decreasing during the flight.Conclusion: Patients transported by helicopter undergo haemodynamic changes during the different stages of evacuation (pre-flight, in-flight, and post-flight). However, there is a need for further studies on helicopter transport of patients due to the paucity of publications on this topic.Keywords: Air rescue, haemodynamics, patient transport, heart rate, oxygen saturation, blood pressure, haemodynamic monitoring

This paper addresses the historical development of the dis-courses and symbols that shaped the republican and national ideology around the political project known as the "Chilean road to socialism" promoted by the Popular Unity (UP) gov-ernment. The hypothesis argues that this ideology played a fundamental role in the process of ideological entrenchment and democratic legitimacy that contributed to the triumph of the left-wing parties in 1970. On the one hand, this ideology allowed the UP to fit in with the atmosphere of cultural na-tionalism of the period. On the other, it served to justify the democratic and institutional possibilities of the Chilean revo-lution. The analysis follows the development of these ideas in the Communist and Socialist parties between 1936 and 1973, paying attention to the particularities, common elements and divergences registered in the debate of both organisations. This period began with the formation of the Popular Front, as a milestone that prompted the left to adopt a republican and patriotic discourse, which was maintained over time until it was fully integrated into the political project of the UP. The study concludes that despite the Marxism and international-ism of the Chilean left, the appeal to republican and national history became constituent elements of their revolutionary project, which they outlined as a continuation of the inde-pendence process initiated in Chile in 1810.

Multimode silicon photonics, leveraging mode-division multiplexing technologies, offers significant potential to increase capacity of large-scale multiprocessing systems for on-chip optical interconnects. These technologies have implications not only for telecom and datacom applications, but also for cutting-edge fields such as quantum and nonlinear photonics. Thus, the development of compact, low-loss and low-crosstalk multimode devices, in particular mode exchangers, is crucial for effective on-chip mode manipulation. This work introduces a novel mode exchanger that exploits the properties of subwavelength grating metamaterials and symmetric Y-junctions, achieving low losses and crosstalk over a broad bandwidth and a compact size of only 6.5 µm × 2.6 µm. The integration of SWG nanostructures in our design enables precise control of mode exchange through different propagation constants in the arms and metamaterial, and takes advantage of dispersion engineering to broaden the operating bandwidth. Experimental characterization demonstrates, to the best of our knowledge, the broadest operational bandwidth covering from 1,420 nm to 1,620 nm, with measured losses as low as 0.5 dB and extinction ratios higher than 10 dB. Enhanced performance is achieved within a 149 nm bandwidth (1,471–1,620 nm), showing measured losses below 0.4 dB and extinction ratios greater than 18 dB.

Unexplained B12 hypervitaminosis (HB12) in asymptomatic patients leads to a cascade of medical consultations and diagnostic tests aimed at determining its etiology. The objective of this study was to assess the efficacy of the laboratory getting involved in the detection and elimination of immune complexes with vitamin B12 in clinical practice and its economic impact.

María I Quiñones-Vico,1– 4,* Ana Ubago-Rodríguez,1– 3,* Ana Fernández-González,1– 3 Raquel Sanabria-de la Torre,2,5 Álvaro Sierra-Sánchez,1– 3,5 Trinidad Montero-Vilchez,2,6 Manuel Sánchez-Díaz,2,6 José L Arias,2,7,8 Salvador Arias-Santiago1– 4,6 1Cell Production and Tissue Engineering Unit, Virgen de las Nieves University Hospital, Granada, 18014, Spain; 2Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria Granada ibs.GRANADA, Granada, 18014, Spain; 3Andalusian Network of Design and Translation of Advanced Therapies, Sevilla, 41092, Spain; 4Medicine Department, School of Medicine, University of Granada, Granada, 18016, Spain; 5Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology IIi and Immunology, School of Medicine, University of Granada, Granada, 18016, Spain; 6Dermatology Department, Virgen de las Nieves University Hospital, Granada, 18014, Spain; 7Department of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy, University of Granada, Granada, 18071, Spain; 8Institute of Biopathology and Regenerative Medicine (IBIMER), Center of Biomedical Research (CIBM), University of Granada, Granada, 18100, Spain*These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Ana Fernández-González, Email ana.fernandez.gonzalez@juntadeandalucia.esAbstract: Pseudomonas aeruginosa (P. aeruginosa) is a common nosocomial pathogen that can cause severe infections in critically ill patients. Due to its resistance to multiple drugs, it is challenging to treat, which can result in serious illness and death. Conventional treatments for infected wounds often involve the topical or systemic application of antibiotics, which can lead to systemic toxicity and the development of drug resistance. The combination of wound dressings that promote wound healing with nanoparticles (NPs) represents a revolutionary strategy for optimizing the safety and efficacy of antibiotics. This review assesses a systematic search to identify the latest approaches where the evaluation of wound dressings loaded with antibiotic NPs is conducted. The properties of NPs, the features of wound dressings, the antimicrobial activity and biocompatibility of the different strategies are analyzed. The results indicate that most research in this field is focused on dressings loaded with silver NPs (57.1%) or other inorganic materials (22.4%). Wound dressings loaded with polymeric NPs and carbon-based NPs represent 14.3% and 6.1% of the evaluated studies, respectively. Nevertheless, there are no clinical trials that have evaluated the efficacy of NPs-loaded wound dressings in patients. Further research is required to ensure the safety of these treatments and to translate the findings from the bench to the bedside. Keywords: hydrogel, skin infection, wound dressing, P. aeruginosa, nanoparticles

Expone la evolución de la administración electoral en el Tribunal Supremo de Elecciones (TSE). Inicia con la exposición de los principales cambios estructurales en el proceso de organización de elecciones para lo cual se diferencian tres etapas relativas al desarrollo y evolución de la función de administración electoral del TSE. La primera se ubica en los años de 1953 a 1994, etapa en la que se ganó la confianza de la ciudadanía con el respeto de la voluntad electoral La segunda, de 1998 a 2010, cuando se da una serie de factores, como las reformas electorales, disminución de la participación y el cambio del bipartidismo al multipartidismo. Y, por último, de 2014 a 2024, década en la cual entró en vigor un nuevo ciclo de elecciones cada dos años y se consolida la nueva estructura orgánica de la administración electoral.

Marta Julia Fernández-González,1 Anne-Catherine Radauer-Plank,1 Anja Borgmann-Staudt,1 Waldemar Geiger,2 Irena Goranova,2 Stephanie Klco-Brosius,1 Bernhard Ralla,2 Cornelia Stelzer,2 Ina Wilkemeyer,2 Magdalena Balcerek1,3 1Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Cooperation member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Department of Pediatric Oncology and Hematology, Berlin, Germany; 2Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Cooperate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Clinic for Urology, Berlin, Germany; 3Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), Berlin, GermanyCorrespondence: Ina Wilkemeyer, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Clinic for Urology, Cryobank, Augustenburger Platz 1, Berlin, 13353, Germany, Tel +49 30 450 615034, Email ina.wilkemeyer@charite.dePurpose: This retrospective cohort study assessed semen and testicular tissue quality from adult and adolescent cancer patients who had samples cryopreserved in the Cryobank of Charité-Universitätsmedizin before and/or after cancer treatment.Methods and Materials: Medical and cryopreservation data for all samples stored between 03/2004 and 05/2019 were collected retrospectively.Results: We included information on 601 samples cryopreserved from 506 cancer patients for whom oncologic treatment data were available. The majority of the samples were cryopreserved prior to cancer treatment (460/600, 77%, median 5 days before treatment). Semen quality had a predisposed reduction in those collected from adolescents with testicular and/or hematological malignancies. Analyses of the 140 (23%) samples cryopreserved after treatment initiation (median of 84 days) revealed decreased median concentration and motility following high gonadotoxic-risk treatment. Rate of oligoasthenozoospermia was comparable in samples collected prior to treatment with those provided during follow-up spermiograms within 1 year after treatment initiation (45.5% vs 45.5%). However, an increase was seen in samples collected 1– 2 (9.1% to 90.9%) and 2– 3 (50.0% to 100.0%) years after treatment initiation.Conclusion: Cancer diagnosis and treatment may impair spermatogenesis; therefore, patient counseling prior to cancer treatment by an oncologist and/or fertility specialist is crucial.Keywords: cancer, fertility preservation, adolescent, men

This article aims to analyse the asset-backing risk of stablecoins, focusing on international accounting standards, classification criteria, and auditing standards and using Tether as a case study. It examines Tether’s issuance, backing, controls, ratios, and regulations to assess risk transmission and mitigation. The results suggest a need for unified and strengthened accounting and auditing standards to enhance user confidence. Liquidity, solvency, and debt ratios were applied to Tether’s balance sheets; while Tether has made efforts to increase its transparency, and although it possesses highly liquid assets, challenges remain regarding its liquidity, solvency, and debt. An independent auditors’ valuation is crucial for investor confidence, demonstrating that more specific regulations are required for stablecoins. Future research should explore other stablecoins to comprehensively understand the accounting and auditing challenges in the field.

In this research, we compared thermochronological and traditional one-dimensional thermal models across the Middle Magdalena Valley (MMV), Eastern Cordillera, and Eastern Llanos Basins in Colombia. These models allow us to relate cooling/heating histories to exhumation events, subsidence, fault activities, and fluid flow. The Eastern Cordillera and Eastern Llanos Basins are discriminated as prospective zones for hydrocarbon (HC) generation. The De Armas Syncline at the MMV basin shows high thermal maturity (127°C), describing rocks completely depleted in terms of HC generation. The eastern zone of this syncline is buried until it reaches temperatures above 150°C. The contrast between thermal models in the Eastern Cordillera basin suggests a possible sediment supply scenario from the west to the east of the Soapaga Fault. In the Eastern Llanos basin, the thermal histories between both models explain the latest uplift and sediment supply processes from the hinterland zone of the Eastern Cordillera to the foothill zone of the Eastern Llanos basin. In terms of thermal evolution, the three basins are different, reaching different levels of burial and HC maturity. However, in terms of cooling events related to exhumation, the basins have similarities as they are controlled by the mountain building of the Eastern Cordillera of Colombia.

In this work, we define the notions of Wronskian and simplified Wronskian for Stieltjes derivatives and study some of their properties in a similar manner to the context of time scales or the usual derivative. Later, we use these tools to investigate second-order linear differential equations with Stieltjes derivatives to find linearly independent solutions, as well as to derive the variation of parameters method for problems with gg-continuous coefficients. This theory is later illustrated with some examples such as the study of the one-dimensional linear Helmholtz equation with piecewise-constant coefficients.

El hallazgo de hipervitaminosis B12 (HB12) no justificado en pacientes asintomáticos desencadena consultas médicas y pruebas diagnósticas, a fin de determinar la etiología. Nuestro objetivo fue probar la eficacia de la intervención del laboratorio en la detección y eliminación de inmunocomplejos con vitamina B12 en la práctica clínica, así como su impacto económico.

Background: Few population-based studies have evaluated the epidemiology of infective endocarditis (IE). Changes in population demographics and guidelines on IE may have affected both the incidence and outcomes of IE. Therefore, the aim of our study is to provide contemporary population-based epidemiological data of IE in Spain. Methods: Retrospective nationwide observational study using data from the Spanish National Health System Discharge Database. We included all patients hospitalized with IE from January 2000 to December 2019. Results: A total of 64,550 IE episodes were included. The incidence of IE rose from 5.25 cases/100,000 person-year in 2000 to 7.21 in 2019, with a 2% annual percentage change (95% CI 1.3–2.6). IE incidence was higher among those aged 85 or older (43.5 cases/100.000 person-years). Trends across the study period varied with sex and age.Patients with IE were progressively older (63.9 years in 2000–2004 to 70.0 in 2015–2019, p

Urbanization and agricultural activities are increasingly threatening karstic systems and the water resources they provide, which are crucial for the livelihood of rural communities. Over the past decade, the Río Grande de Comitán-Lagos de Montebello (RGC-LM) watershed in Chiapas, Mexico, has experienced significant deterioration in water quality. The objective of this study was to analyze the water quality dynamics within the RGC-LM watershed and their potential interaction with land use change. We conducted assessments of the physicochemical and microbiological parameters across the lotic and lentic systems within the watershed over eight monitoring campaigns (from 2013 to 2020). Cluster Analysis (CA) and Principal Component Analysis (PCA) statistical approaches were performed to identify the main drivers of surface water quality variability. This approach aims to enhance water quality assessments within environmental management strategies, with the goal of promoting sustainable land-use practices aimed at protecting and improving water resources within the watershed. Our findings indicate that there is a substantial difference between the upper and lower watershed water quality. The good water quality conditions observed in the higher altitude lakes (mountain lakes) can be attributed to favorable topographical features, specific land use patterns, and effective conservation measures. In contrast, the lotic system in the middle watershed and the lentic water bodies located at lower altitudes (plain lakes) exhibit signs of water quality degradation due to inefficient wastewater treatment and agricultural runoff. This study highlights the importance of implementing adequate environmental management strategies to address these water quality challenges effectively. Given the pressing issue of water quality degradation in karstic environments, we emphasize on the need for increased monitoring frequency of both physicochemical and microbiological parameters to capture seasonal variations and to further understand the vulnerability of water resources in karstic environments. Future assessment of nutrient concentrations, pesticide levels, and blue-green algae populations will also be crucial for evaluating the trophic state at a watershed scale.

In this paper, we consider, from a numerical point of view, a two-temperature poro-thermoelastic problem. The model is written as a coupled linear system of hyperbolic and elliptic partial differential equations. An existence result is proved and energy decay properties are recalled. Then we introduce a fully discrete approximation by using the finite element method and the implicit Euler scheme. Some a priori error estimates are obtained, from which the linear convergence of the approximation is deduced under an appropriate additional regularity. Finally, some numerical simulations are performed to demonstrate the accuracy of the approximation, the decay of the discrete energy and the behaviour of the solution depending on a constitutive parameter.

Francisco Rodríguez-Cifuentes,1,* M Angeles López-Gonzalez,1,* Fernando Rubio-Garay,2,* Gabriela Topa,3,* Pedro Belo,4,* Ricardo Pocinho,5,* Silvia Silva,6,* Juan José Fernández-Muñoz1,* 1Psychology Department, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Alcorcón, Madrid, Spain; 2Associated Center in Albacete, Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia, Albacete, Spain; 3Department of Social and Organizational Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, Universidad Nacional de Educación a Distancia, Madrid, Spain; 4Instituto Politécnico de Setúbal, Setúbal, Portugal; 5Instituto Politécnico de Leira- CICS NOVA, Leira, Portugal; 6Escola Superior de Educação e Ciências Sociais Instituto Politécnico de Leiria, Leiria, Portugal*These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: M Angeles López-Gonzalez, Psychology Department, Faculty of Health Sciences, Universidad Rey Juan Carlos, Av. de Atenas, s/n, Alcorcón, Madrid, 28922, Spain, Email angeles.lopezg@urjc.esPurpose: A positive leisure attitude among older adults may have a beneficial effect on psychological well-being, both directly and indirectly by fostering a more positive perception of one’s health. This paper presents a correlational design that explores associations among leisure attitude, self-rated health, and psychological well-being, and analyzes the potential moderating role of gender in these relationships.Patients and Methods: The sample was selected using simple random probability sampling (N= 409; 61.9% female; Mean age = 72.9; SD = 8.43¸ Range of age 53 to 93 years). Diverse sociodemographic information was collected, and leisure attitudes, self-perceived health, and psychological well-being (positive affect and emotional ties) were assessed.Results: The results revealed a positive effect of leisure attitude on self-rated health and psychological well-being, with self-rated health fully mediating the association between the behavioral component of leisure attitude and psychological well-being. Furthermore, the moderating effect of gender on the relationship between self-rated health and psychological well-being was stronger among men.Conclusion: Positive cognitive and emotional perceptions of leisure among older adults seem to benefit psychological well-being and improve self-rated health, thereby contributing to healthy ageing.Keywords: ageing, older adults, gender, attitudes to leisure, psychological well-being, emotional ties

A pesar de que las guías clínicas aún no recomiendan el uso de glucómetros en el lugar de asistencia al paciente (POCT) con fines diagnósticos, la prestación analítica de estos dispositivos ha mejorado significativamente. En este contexto, evaluamos la precisión analítica y la concordancia diagnóstica de los glucómetros POCT durante la prueba de tolerancia oral a la glucosa (PTOG), para el diagnóstico de prediabetes y diabetes en un estudio comparativo.

Thanks to their exceptional spatial, spectral and temporal resolution, highly-coherent free-electron beams have emerged as powerful probes for material excitations, enabling their characterization even in the quantum regime. Here, we investigate strong light–matter coupling through monochromatic and modulated electron wavepackets. In particular, we consider an archetypal target, comprising a nanophotonic cavity next to a single two-level emitter. We propose a model Hamiltonian describing the coherent interaction between the passing electron beam and the hybrid photonic–excitonic target, which is constructed using macroscopic quantum electrodynamics and fully parameterized in terms of the electromagnetic dyadic Green’s function. Using this framework, we first describe electron-energy-loss and cathodoluminescence spectroscopies, and photon-induced near-field electron emission microscopy. Finally, we show the power of modulated electrons beams as quantum tools for the manipulation of polaritonic targets presenting a complex energy landscape of excitations.

We calculate the essential norm of bounded diagonal infinite matrices acting on Köthe sequence spaces. As a consequence of our result, we obtain a recent criteria for the compactness of multiplication operator acting on Köthe sequence spaces.

Introducción: El cáncer de mama es la enfermedad oncológica que más afecta a las mujeres latinoamericanas, esta patología tiene im-plicaciones biológicas, emocionales y económicas que influyen en su calidad de vida. El objetivo de la revisión fue sintetizar los deter-minantes sociales y la calidad de vida de mujeres latinas. Material y métodos: Se realizaron búsquedas en las bases de datos PubMed, ebsco, Web of Science y lilacs, utilizando los términos: calidad de vida, calidad de vida relacionada con la salud, cáncer de mama, neoplasma de mama, Latinoamérica, hispanos, latinas, mujeres, determinantes sociales de la salud, factores sociodemográficos y socioeconómicos. Se consideraron artículos realizados en Latinoa-mérica en los últimos 5 años publicados en inglés y español.Resultados: Se encontraron 49 artículos y tras depurarlos queda-ron 9. Los determinantes sociales más reportados fueron edad y estado civil. El instrumento más utilizado para evaluar la calidad de vida fue el cuestionario QLQ-C30 con su módulo BR23. Recibir quimioterapia produce mayor sintomatología. La calidad de vida reportada va de regular a buena, los síntomas más reportados: insomnio, fatiga y sintomatología mamaria. Conclusiones: Las va-riables sociodemográficas suelen usarse con fines descriptivos y no analíticos. El diagnóstico en estadios avanzados afecta la cali-dad de vida

María T Sánchez-López,1 Desirée Llamas-Díaz,1 Alberto Megías-Robles,1 Raquel Gómez-Leal,1 María José Gutiérrez-Cobo,2 Pablo Fernández-Berrocal,1 Rosario Cabello2 1Department of Basic Psychology, University of Málaga, Málaga, Spain; 2Department of Developmental and Educational Psychology, Faculty of Psychology, University of Málaga, Málaga, SpainCorrespondence: Rosario Cabello, University of Málaga, Campus Teatinos, s/n, Málaga, 29071, Spain, Email rcabello@uma.esBackground: During the confinement, there was an increase in the incidence of mental disorders such as depression and anxiety. In this regard, affectivity is of particular interest, as emotions play a fundamental role in overall mental health. The literature on COVID-19 in this population has often focused on the analysis of risk factors for mental health, while less attention has been paid to protective factors. In this paper, we propose an inclusive model of risk and protective factors for adolescent mental health through the indirect effect of negative and positive affect.Methods: This was a cross-sectional study with a Spanish community sample of 477 adolescents (Mage = 16.23, range:14 to 20 years old; 43.4% were boys; response rate: 100%). We measured the perceived hardness of confinement, worrying about contagion, quality of relationships at home, pleasant activities, affect (positive and negative), and mental health.Results: The results revealed a positive relationship between the perceived hardness of confinement and worrying about contagion with mental health, through the indirect effect of negative affect, and a positive relationship between home relationships and pleasant activities with mental health through an indirect effect of positive affect.Conclusion: Our results suggest that different types of emotions generated by the various contextual variables associated with COVID-19 may have a differential impact on mental health. These findings support the inclusive model of risk and protective factors for adolescent mental health. Practical implications, future studies, and limitations are discussed.Keywords: COVID-19, adolescents, mental health, affectivity, contextual variables

Juan J Fernández-Miranda,1,2,* Silvia Díaz-Fernández1,2,* 1AGC de Salud Mental V, Hospital Universitario de Cabueñes, Servicio de Salud del Principado de Asturias (SESPA), Gijón, Spain; 2Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria del Principado de Asturias (ISPA), Oviedo, Spain*These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Juan J Fernández-Miranda, AGC de Salud Mental V, Hospital Universitario de Cabueñes, Servicio de Salud del Principado de Asturias (SESPA), C/ Centro Especialidades Avelino González. Óran s/n, Gijón, Asturias, 33211, Spain, Email juanjose.fernandezmi@sespa.es; juanjofmiranda@gmail.comIntroduction: There is a need when optimizing antipsychotic treatment to know the plasmatic levels (PLs) achieved with the different doses and their relationship with effectiveness and toxicity, especially in patients with poor clinical progress. This study investigates the dose-PL-response relationship of monthly aripiprazole (AOM) and three-month paliperidone (PP3M).Methods: Observational, 52-week prospective study of patients with severe schizophrenia (CGI-S ≥ 5) treated with PP3M or AOM for at least one year before their inclusion in the study (N=68). Dose-PL relationship was determined. Subjects were included in standard-dose and high-dose (above labeled) and standard/therapeutic range-PLs and high-PLs (above range) groups. Treatment adherence, effectiveness (hospitalizations, severity), tolerability and safety were assessed. PLs and clinical response were evaluated.Results: No clear linear relationship was found between doses and PLs. In a considerable number of cases, standard doses achieved PLs above the therapeutic range. A significant clinical improvement was related to high PLs, without less safety, tolerability, or treatment compliance being involved. Clinical severity decreased more frequently in patients who received high doses and reached high PLs. Hospital admissions decreased significantly in those patients with high PLs.Conclusion: Taking into account the absence of a linear relationship between doses and PLs, the effectiveness in people with severe schizophrenia of AOM and PP3M depends on reaching high PLs, achieved with high doses, but also with standard doses in some cases, without leading to worse treatment tolerability, safety, or adherence.Keywords: schizophrenia, long-acting injectable antipsychotic, dose, plasmatic levels, effectiveness, tolerability

INTRODUCCIÓN: La sal es la principal fuente de sodio a nivel mundial. Según datos de la OMS, se estima que la población consume entre 9-12 g de sal al día, siendo 5 g el máximo recomendado1. La evidencia indica que este elevado consumo se asocia a altos riesgos de hipertensión arterial, enfermedades cardiovasculares, accidente cerebrovascular e infarto de miocardio2,3. Es por esto, que países como Argentina y Chile, entre otros, han decidido promulgar leyes y estrategias para disminuir el consumo de sodio en la población. OBJETIVO: analizar las estrategias nacionales para disminuir el consumo de sodio en la población de Argentina y Chile entre los años 2013 a 2023, a través del análisis del discurso de Jäger. MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS: Investigación desde la perspectiva cualitativa, a través del análisis discursivo propuesto por Jäger, quien parte de la idea de que los discursos son formas de comunicación relacionadas con el comportamiento y la dominación; en este sentido, propone un análisis estructural orientado al contenido y un análisis centrado en el contexto4. Los documentos analizados fueron la Ley de Reducción de Sodio en Argentina, Ley 26.905 y la Estrategia nacional para la Reducción de Sodio en Chile, extraídas de las páginas oficiales de los Ministerios de Salud nacionales. CONSIDERACIONES ÉTICAS: Dado que los datos utilizados son de dominio público, fueron obtenidos a través de fuentes secundarias y no contienen información que permita identificar individuos, la aprobación por un Comité de Ética no fue requerida. RESULTADOS: El documento de Argentina se presenta como texto normativo, en tanto que el documento de Chile como texto argumentativo, ambos con significados claros respecto a su objetivo a través del abordaje de los determinantes sociales, incorporan la necesidad de acuerdos público-privado, difusión de la información a través del etiquetado de los alimentos y de campañas de comunicación CONCLUSIONES: Se observa un abordaje del ambiente alimentario como determinante del consumo de sodio. Este tipo de políticas podría permitir opciones de consumo más saludables a la población.

AimsTo assess the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the health condition of people ≥75 years of age and on their family caregivers in Spain.DesignMulticentric, mixed method concurrent study.MethodsThis work, which will be conducted within the primary care setting in 11 administrative regions of Spain, will include three coordinated studies with different methodologies. The first is a population-based cohort study that will use real-life data to analyze the rates and evolution of health needs, care provision, and services utilization before, during, and after the pandemic. The second is a prospective cohort study with 18 months of follow-up that will evaluate the impact of COVID-19 disease on mortality, frailty, functional and cognitive capacity, and quality of life of the participants. Finally, the third will be a qualitative study with a critical social approach to understand and interpret the social, political, and economic dimensions associated with the use of health services during the pandemic. We have followed the SPIRIT Checklist to address trial protocol and related documents. This research is being funded by the Instituto de Salud Carlos III since 2021 and was approved by its ethics committee (June 2022).DiscussionThe study findings will reveal the long-term impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on the older adults and their caregivers. This information will serve policymakers to adapt health policies to the needs of this population in situations of maximum stress, such as that produced by the COVID-19 pandemic.Trial RegistrationIdentifier: NCT05249868 [ClinicalTrials.gov].

RESUMEN Introducción. El virus del papiloma humano tiene una prevalencia del 11.7% en mujeres, siendo la vacunación la estrategia de prevención más efectiva; sin embargo, en México solo se aplica al 14.4% del total de las niñas de 9 a 12 años. Objetivo. Identificar los conocimientos y actitudes de madres de familia en la no aceptación de la vacuna del virus del papiloma humano para sus hijas. Metodología. Estudio cualitativo fenomenológico hermenéutico, con entrevista a seis madres mexicanas quienes no aceptaron la vacuna para sus hijas. Muestreo intencional, se aplicó en el 2021 una guía fundamentada en la revisión de literatura con formato en línea, con transcripción, análisis temático y procesamiento en el software MAXQDA versión 18.2.0. Resultados. Se realizaron entrevistas a madres de entre 30 a 40 años, la mayoría con licenciatura, religión católica y empleadas de institución gubernamental. Se obtuvieron tres categorías centrales: 1) significado del virus del papiloma humano; 2) vacuna del virus del papiloma humano y 3) prevención y promoción de la salud para la vacuna del virus del papiloma humano, con 9 subcategorías que abordan: conocimiento, creencias, desinformación, beneficios, motivación y falta de aceptación de la vacuna. Discusión. Estudios evidencian que la falta de información provoca la no aceptación de la vacuna del virus del papiloma humano, lo que limita la inmunización oportuna en las niñas, coincidiendo con los resultados encontrados. Conclusión. El bajo conocimiento y falta de información confiable afecta a que las madres presenten actitudes negativas de no aceptación de la vacuna del virus del papiloma humano para sus hijas. Las intervenciones de enfermería con información pertinente y de impacto aportarán a un comportamiento saludable individual y familiar. Palabras clave: Conocimientos, Actitudes y Prácticas Sanitarias; Vacunas contra Papillomavirus; Negativa a la Vacunación; Investigación Cualitativa; Promoción de la Salud ABSTRACT Introduction. The human papillomavirus has a prevalence of 11.7% among women, and vaccination is the most effective prevention strategy; however, in Mexico it is only applied to 14.4% of all girls between 9 and 12 years of age. Objective. To identify the knowledge and attitudes of Mexican mothers in the non-acceptance of the human papillomavirus vaccine for their daughters. Methodology. Qualitative hermeneutic phenomenological study, with interviews with six Mexican mothers who did not accept the vaccine for their daughters. Purposive sampling, a guide based on the literature review was applied in 2021 with online format, transcription, thematic analysis and processing in MAXQDA software version 18.2.0. Results. Interviews were conducted with mothers between 30 and 40 years of age, most of whom had a bachelor’s degree, were Catholic and were employed by government institutions. Three core categories were obtained: 1) meaning of human papillomavirus; 2) human papilomavirus vaccine; and 3) prevention and health promotion for human papillomavirus vaccine, with 9 subcategories addressing: knowledge, beliefs, misinformation, benefits, motivation, and lack of acceptance of the vaccine. Discussion. Studies show that lack of information leads to non-acceptance of the human papillomavirus vaccine, which limits timely immunization of girls, coinciding with the results found. Conclusion. Limited knowledge and lack of reliable information affect the negative attitudes of mothers who refuse the human papillomavirus vaccine for their daughters. Nursing interventions with relevant and impactful information will contribute to healthy individual and family behaviors. Keywords: Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice; Papillomavirus Vaccines; Vaccination Refusal; Qualitative Research; Health Promotion. RESUMO Introdução. O papilomavírus humano tem uma prevalência de 11.7% em mulheres, sendo a vacinação a estratégia de prevenção mais eficaz; no entanto, no México, apenas 14.4% do total de meninas de 9 a 12 anos são vacinadas. Objetivo. Identificar o conhecimento e as atitudes das mães quanto à não aceitação da vacina contra o papilomavírus humano por suas filhas. Metodologia. Estudo hermenêutica fenomenológico qualitativo, com entrevistas com seis mães mexicanas que não aceitaram a vacina para suas filhas. Amostragem intencional, foi aplicado em 2021 um guía baseado na revisão de literatura em formato online, com transcrição, análise temática e processamento no software MAXQDA versão 18.2.0. Resultados. Foram realizadas entrevistas com mães entre 30 e 40 anos, a maioria com graduação, religião católica e funcionárias de instituição governamental. Foram obtidas três categorias centrais: 1) significado do papilomavírus humano; 2) vacina contra o papilomavírus humano e 3) prevenção e promoção da saúde para a vacina contra o papilomavírus humano, com 9 subcategorias que abordam: conhecimento, crenças, desinformação, benefícios, motivação e falta de aceitação da vacina. Discussão. Estudos mostram que a falta de informação leva à não aceitação da vacina contra o papilomavírus humano, o que limita a imunização oportuna nas meninas, coincidindo com os resultados encontrados. Conclusão. O baixo conhecimento e a falta de informações confiáveis afetam as atitudes negativas das mães em relação à não aceitação da vacina contra o papilomavírus humano para suas filhas. Intervenções de enfermagem com informações relevantes e impactantes contribuirão para um comportamento saudável individual e familiar. Palavras-chave: Conhecimentos, Atitudes e Prática em Saúde; Vacinas contra Papillomavirus; Recusa de Vacinação; Pesquisa Qualitativa; Promoção da Saúde.

Con el objetivo de elaborar una propuesta de ordenamiento forestal, que permitiera demostrar la compatibilidad entre las diferentes formas de producción agrícola y los bosques, se desarrolló este trabajo, durante el periodo comprendido de abril a noviembre del 2022, en la finca “Punta La Cueva”, municipio Cienfuegos, provincia Cienfuegos. Para su desarrollo, se realiza el inventario de la biodiversidad forestal de la finca, se identifican dentro los manejos desarrollados en la misma y aquellos que resultan compatibles con la actividad forestal y la ganadería. Al concluir el trabajo, se elabora una propuesta de ordenamiento del área boscosa, de la faja de manglar existente, el área de silvopastoreo y las cercas vivas, con la que se reordena la actividad forestal, garantizando el enfrentamiento a la degradación de los suelos y el cambio climático, la cual constituye la primera propuesta de ordenamiento forestal sobre bases sostenibles al Sector Campesino y Cooperativo de Cienfuegos, y servirá de referencia sobre la multifuncionalidad del empleo de los árboles dentro de los sistemas agrícolas. Se validan los resultados obtenidos hasta la fecha y se determina que se alcanza un impacto económico anual equivalente a más de 988 656,30 CUP y se capturan 250,0 t de carbono.

Despite clinical guidelines do not recommend the use of point-of-care testing (POCT) glucometers for diagnostic purposes yet, the analytical performance is continuously improving. Thus, we evaluate the technical accuracy and clinical concordance of POCT glucometers during an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) in children for prediabetes and diabetes diagnosis in a comparison study.

The results of external quality assurance schemes are evaluated against specifications generally based on biological variation (BV) data. This study was carried out to determine whether new BV values affected the level of compliance to specifications. Our secondary objective was to identify the conditions that would be compromised as a result of poor analytical performance in disease associated markers.

Francisco Javier Muñoz-Vela,1,2,* Francisco Javier Fernández-Carrasco,3 Juan Gómez-Salgado,4,5 Regina Allande-Cussó,6,* Isabel Margarida Marques Monteiro Dias Mendes,7 Emilia Isabel Martins Teixeira-da-Costa,8,9 Juana María Vázquez-Lara,3 Javier Fagundo-Rivera,10 Luciano Rodríguez-Díaz3 1Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Málaga, Málaga, Spain; 2Obstetrics and Gynecology Area, Hospital Regional Universitario de Málaga, Málaga, Spain; 3Department of Gynaecology and Obstetrics, Ceuta University Hospital, Midwifery Teaching Unit of Ceuta, University of Granada, Ceuta, Spain; 4Department of Sociology, Social Work and Public Health, Faculty of Labour Sciences, University of Huelva, Huelva, Spain; 5Safety and Health Postgraduate Programme, Universidad Espíritu Santo, Guayaquil, Ecuador; 6Department of Nursing. University of Seville, Seville, Spain; 7Unidade Científico-Pedagógica de Enfermagem de Saúde Materna, Obstétrica e Ginecológica, UICISA: E. Escola Superior de Enfermagem de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal; 8Department of Nursing, Health School, University of Algarve, Faro, Portugal; 9Health Sciences Research Unit: Nursing, Escola Superior de Enfermagem de Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal; 10Centro Universitario de Enfermería Cruz Roja, Sevilla, Spain*These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Juan Gómez-Salgado, Department of Sociology, Social Work and Public Health, Faculty of Labour Sciences, University of Huelva. Avda. Tres de Marzo, S/N, 21007, Huelva, Spain, Tel +34 959219700, Email salgado@uhu.esObjective: The aim of the study was to assess the levels of fear and anxiety in the particularly vulnerable population group of women during pregnancy.Methods: Cross-sectional study between March 2022 and July 2022 involving 978 pregnant women aged 16 to 50 years. It was carried out based on the scale for the assessment of fear and anxiety in pregnant women (AMICO_Pregnant) and the collection of sociodemographic data. Normality analysis was performed prior to univariate and bivariate statistical analysis.Results: The sample was composed of a total of 978 pregnant women. The mean of the AMICO_Pregnant scale was intermediate (5.04 points; SD=2.36). The bivariate analysis showed a statistically significant relationship between the AMICO_Pregnant scale and the following variables: vaccination schedule status, contact with the disease, weeks of gestation, altered delivery or birth plan.Conclusion: Women with pregnancies closer to term, with no contact with the disease, without a complete vaccination schedule, or who had undergone changes in their delivery or birth plans, showed higher levels of fear and anxiety.Keywords: pregnancy, COVID-19, fear, anxiety, questionnaire, mental health, public health

The probability integral transform of a continuous random variable XX with distribution function FX{F}_{X} is a uniformly distributed random variable U=FX(X)U={F}_{X}\left(X). We define the angular probability integral transform (APIT) as θU=2πU=2πFX(X){\theta }_{U}=2\pi U=2\pi {F}_{X}\left(X), which corresponds to a uniformly distributed angle on the unit circle. For circular (angular) random variables, the sum modulus 2π\pi of absolutely continuous independent circular uniform random variables is a circular uniform random variable, that is, the circular uniform distribution is closed under summation modulus 2π\pi , and it is a stable continuous distribution on the unit circle. If we consider the sum (difference) of the APITs of two random variables, X1{X}_{1} and X2{X}_{2}, and test for the circular uniformity of their sum (difference) modulus 2π\pi , this is equivalent to test of independence of the original variables. In this study, we used a flexible family of nonnegative trigonometric sums (NNTS) circular distributions, which include the uniform circular distribution as a member of the family, to evaluate the power of the proposed independence test by generating samples from NNTS alternative distributions that could be at a closer proximity with respect to the circular uniform null distribution.

Mónica Antón,1 Nieves Cabañes,2 Salvador Fernández-Meléndez,3 Mar Fernández-Nieto,4 Gloria Jiménez-Ferrera,5 Antonio Letrán,6 Paula Méndez-Brea,7 Javier Montoro,8,9 Francisco Moreno,6 Pilar Mur-Gimeno,10 Virginia Rodríguez-Vázquez,7 Ana Rosado,11 Inmaculada Sánchez-Guerrero,12 Jose Mª Vega-Chicote,3 Carmen Vidal7,13 1Allergy Department, Hospital Universitario San Juan de Alicante, Alicante, Spain; 2Allergy Department, Hospital Universitario de Toledo, Toledo, Spain; 3Allergy Department, Hospital Civil de Málaga, Malaga, Spain; 4Allergy Department, Hospital Universitario Fundación Jiménez Díaz, Madrid, Spain; 5Allergy Department, Hospital Universitario de Badajoz, Badajoz, Spain; 6Allergy Unit, Centro médico Asisa Doctor Lobatón, Cádiz, Spain; 7Allergy Department, Complejo Hospitalario Clínico Universitario de Santiago, Santiago de Compostela, Spain; 8Allergy Department, Hospital de Llíria, Valencia, Spain; 9Department of Medicine, Universidad Católica de Valencia San Vicente Mártir, Valencia, Spain; 10Allergy Department, Hospital de Santa Bárbara, Puertollano, Ciudad Real, Spain; 11Allergy Department, Hospital Universitario Fundación Alcorcón, Alcorcón, Madrid, Spain; 12Allergy Department, Hospital Clínico Universitario Virgen de la Arrixaca, Murcia, Spain; 13Department of Medicine, Universidad de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, SpainCorrespondence: Carmen Vidal, Allergy Department, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago, Santiago de Compostela, 15706, Spain, Tel +34 981 951752, Email carmen.vidal.pan@sergas.esPurpose: The objective of this study was to develop and validate a questionnaire, through a Delphi consensus, to be used by allergists in their routine clinical practice to assess the preferences of patients starting allergen immunotherapy (AIT) treatment using an objective approach.Patients and Methods: A Delphi consensus-driven process was used. The scientific committee, composed of 15 allergists, led the study and participated in the preparation of the questionnaire. Two-hundred panelists from different Spanish regions were invited to complete a 16-item questionnaire on a nine-point Likert scale covering six topic blocks. Consensus was achieved if ≥ 66.6% of panelists reached agreement or disagreement.Results: Of the 200 experts invited to participate in the Delphi process, a total of 195 (97.5%) answered the questionnaire. The panel experts reached a consensus on “agreement” on a total of 12 of the 16 (75.0%) items, covering a total of six categories: (a) patient knowledge (2 questions), (b) barriers to patient adherence (3 questions), (c) patient behavior (4 questions), (d) future actions (3 questions), (e) treatment costs (2 questions), and (f) final patient preferences (2 questions).Conclusion: This Delphi consensus study validated a set of twelve recommended questions for patients objectively assessing their preferences and suitability for the most common AIT options available. The questionnaire intends to assist allergists in making an objective, unconditioned decision regarding the best AIT option for each patient, after informing them about the different routes.Keywords: allergen immunotherapy, Delphi consensus, shared decision-making, questionnaire

In this article, we obtain a very sharp version of some singular perturbation results going back to Dancer and Hess [Behaviour of a semilinear periodic-parabolic problem when a parameter is small, Lecture Notes in Mathematics, Vol. 1450, Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 1990, pp. 12–19] and Daners and López-Gómez [The singular perturbation problem for the periodic-parabolic logistic equation with indefinite weight functions, J. Dynam. Differential Equations 6 (1994), 659–670] valid for a general class of semilinear periodic-parabolic problems of logistic type under general boundary conditions of mixed type. The results of Dancer and Hess [Behaviour of a semilinear periodic-parabolic problem when a parameter is small, Lecture Notes in Mathematics, Vol. 1450, Springer-Verlag, Berlin, 1990, pp. 12–19] and [The singular perturbation problem for the periodic-parabolic logistic equation with indefinite weight functions, J. Dynam. Differential Equations 6 (1994), 659–670] were found, respectively, for Neumann and Dirichlet boundary conditions with L=−Δ{\mathfrak{L}}=-\Delta . In this article, L{\mathfrak{L}} stands for a general second-order elliptic operator.

Berta Raventós,1,2,* Sergio Fernández-Bertolín,1,* María Aragón,1 Erica A Voss,3– 5 Clair Blacketer,3– 5 Leonardo Méndez-Boo,6 Martina Recalde,1 Elena Roel,1,2 Andrea Pistillo,1,7 Carlen Reyes,1 Sebastiaan van Sandijk,8 Lars Halvorsen,9 Peter R Rijnbeek,4,5 Edward Burn,1,10 Talita Duarte-Salles1,4 1Fundació Institut Universitari per a la recerca a l’Atenció Primària de Salut Jordi Gol i Gurina (IDIAPJGol), Barcelona, Spain; 2Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, Bellaterra (Cerdanyola del Vallès), Barcelona, Spain; 3Janssen Pharmaceutical Research and Development, Titusville, NJ, USA; 4Department of Medical Informatics, Erasmus University Medical Center, Rotterdam, the Netherlands; 5OHDSI Collaborators, Observational Health Data Sciences and Informatics (OHDSI), New York, NY, USA; 6Sistemes d’Informació dels Serveis d’Atenció Primària (SISAP), Institut Català de la Salut, Barcelona, Spain; 7Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Barcelona, Spain; 8Odysseus Data Services s.r.o., Prague, Czech Republic; 9edenceHealth NV, Kontich, Belgium; 10Centre for Statistics in Medicine, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK*These authors contributed equally to this workCorrespondence: Talita Duarte-Salles, Fundació Institut Universitari per a la recerca a l’Atenció Primària de Salut Jordi Gol i Gurina (IDIAPJGol), Gran Via Corts Catalanes, 587 àtic, Barcelona, 08007, Spain, Tel +34935824342, Email tduarte@idiapjgol.orgPurpose: The primary aim of this work was to convert the Information System for Research in Primary Care (SIDIAP) from Catalonia, Spain, to the Observational Medical Outcomes Partnership (OMOP) Common Data Model (CDM). Our second aim was to provide a descriptive analysis of COVID-19-related outcomes among the general population.Patients and Methods: We mapped patient-level data from SIDIAP to the OMOP CDM and we performed more than 3,400 data quality checks to assess its readiness for research. We established a general population cohort as of the 1st March 2020 and identified outpatient COVID-19 diagnoses or tested positive for, hospitalised with, admitted to intensive care units (ICU) with, died with, or vaccinated against COVID-19 up to 30th June 2022.Results: After verifying the high quality of the transformed dataset, we included 5,870,274 individuals in the general population cohort. Of those, 604,472 had either an outpatient COVID-19 diagnosis or positive test result, 58,991 had a hospitalisation, 5,642 had an ICU admission, and 11,233 died with COVID-19. A total of 4,584,515 received a COVID-19 vaccine. People who were hospitalised or died were more commonly older, male, and with more comorbidities. Those admitted to ICU with COVID-19 were generally younger and more often male than those hospitalised and those who died.Conclusion: We successfully transformed SIDIAP to the OMOP CDM. From this dataset, a general population cohort of 5.9 million individuals was identified and their COVID-19-related outcomes over time were described. The transformed SIDIAP database is a valuable resource that can enable distributed network research in COVID-19 and beyond.Keywords: electronic health records, medical ontologies, secondary data use, common data model, OMOP

Maria Teresa Cacua Sanchez,1 Lina M Vargas Abello,2 Álvaro Orrego,3 Paola Ortiz,4 Héctor Segura,5 Jhon Jairo Berrio Caicedo,6 Luz Marina Zuluaga,7 José Ordoñez,8 José Ignacio Fernández Montequin,9 Jorge Ulloa10 1Ambulatory Surgery Center, Kennedy Hospital, Vascular Laboratory SURA, Bogotá, Colombia; 2Lumina Vein & Aesthetic Institute, Windermere, FL, USA; 3Laser & Veins Clinic, Viña del Mar, Chile; 4Uruguay Vein Center, Universidad de la República Oriental de Uruguay, Montevideo, Uruguay; 5Vascular and Endovascular Surgery Department, Hospital Español, Mexico City, Mexico; 6Universidad Del Valle, San José de Buga Hospital Foundation, Buga, Colombia; 7San Juan de Dios Hospital, Cartago Valle, Colombia; 8Department of Vascular Surgery, Fundación Santa Fe, Bogotá, Colombia; 9National Institute of Angiology and Vascular Surgery, Havana, Cuba; 10Department of Vascular Surgery, Fundación Santa Fe de Bogotá, Universidad de los Andes, Bogota, ColombiaCorrespondence: Maria Teresa Cacua Sanchez, Email mcacua@gmail.comAbstract: Venous Ulcers (VU) represent 60– 80% of all leg ulcers and are the final stage of the disease secondary to venous hypertension or valve insufficiency. Conventional treatment that focuses on its etiological factors continues to be the gold standard; however, 30% of ulcers do not heal with this treatment; thus, it has been seen that the use of growth factor can be used as an adjuvant for this pathology. A literature review was carried out to evaluate the evidence from systematic reviews, meta-analyses, case studies, and quantitative studies that respond to the objective of this analysis review in the different databases with specific inclusion criteria with publications between 2002 and 2022, initially finding the topical application of the factor and later, more recently, the intralesional and perilesional application, the latter being an alternative treatment for this type of pathology and generating some recommendations for using the Factor.Keywords: chronic venous fibroblast dysfunctions, recombinant human epidermal growth factor, rhEGF, intralesional, perilesional, fibroblast dysfunctions