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In this study, the structural evolution of mung bean globular amyloid fibrils (MBGFs) during the formation process was investigated with different acid-heat treatment times, and the emulsification properties of MBGFs were also explored at each stage of the formation process. The results showed that the subunits of mung bean globulin (MBG) were gradually degraded and hydrolyzed into fibrous structure units mainly composed of small peptides during 0–12 h of heating. And a large number of β-sheet structures were produced, and its relative content increased from an initial level of (18.28 ± 0.75)% to (53.61 ± 1.15)% over the 12 heating period. Enhanced fluorescence intensity was recorded after combination with thioflavin-T. Morphologically, MBGFs gradually became elongated and pliable, and oriented fibril aggregation occurred in the heating process. Between 16 and 24 h, the structure of mature MBGFs gradually was dissociated and the structural characteristics of the fibers were destroyed. The emulsification activity, emulsion stability, protein adsorption rate and interfacial protein content of MBGF were significantly improved compared with those of MBG. MBGFs formed by acid-heat treatment for 4 h had the best emulsification properties. Oil droplets in the MBGF emulsion were small in size, uniformly and orderly distributed, and the emulsion had the highest apparent viscosity and showed an elastic gel structure. In conclusion, different acid-heat treatment times had significant effects on the structure and emulsification properties of MBGFs, and MBGFs had better emulsification properties than MBG. This study will provide theoretical support for clarifying the formation of MBGFs and ideas for the development of highly efficient food-grade emulsifiers.

Light sheet fluorescence microscope with single light sheet illumination enables rapid 3D imaging of living cells. In this paper we show the design, fabrication and characterization of a diffractive optical element producing several light sheets along a 45° inclined tube. The element, which is based on a multi-focal diffractive lens and a linear grating, generates five thin light sheets with equal intensities when combined with a refractive cylindrical lens. The generated uniform light sheets can be applied for the scanning of samples in tubes enabling flow-driven 3-dimensional imaging.

Resistance to chemotherapy leads to poor prognosis for osteosarcoma (OS) patients. However, due to the high metastasis of tumor and the decrease in sensitivity of tumor cells to cisplatin (DDP), the 5‐year survival rate of OS patients is still unsatisfactory. This study explored a mechanism for improving the sensitivity of OS cells to DDP. A DDP‐resistant OS cell model was established, and we have found that circORC2 and TRIM2 were upregulated in DDP‐resistant OS cells, but miR‐485‐3p was downregulated. The cell viability and proliferation of the OS cells decreased gradually with the increase of DDP dose, but a gradual increase in apoptosis was noted. CircORC2 promoted OS cell proliferation and DDP resistance and upregulated TRIM2 expression by targeting miR‐485‐3p. Functionally, circORC2 downregulated miR‐485‐3p to promote OS cell proliferation and inhibit DDP sensitivity. Additionally, it promoted cell proliferation and inhibited the sensitivity of DDP by regulating the miR‐485‐3p/TRIM2 axis. In conclusion, circORC2 promoted cell proliferation and inhibited the DDP sensitivity in OS cells via the miR‐485‐3p/TRIM2 axis. These findings indicated the role of circORC2 in regulating the sensitivity of OS cells to DDP. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Light-sheet fluorescence microscopy (LSFM) with single light-sheet illumination enables rapid 3Dimaging of living cells. In this paper we show the design, fabrication and characterization of a diffractive optical element producing several light sheets along an inclined tube for applications in flow-driven imaging. The element, which is based on a multi-focal Fresnel zone plate and a linear grating, generates in combination with a refractive cylindrical lens five thin light sheets of equal intensity.

Objective To explore the applicability of different assessment methods in the shoe-making industry, providing a scientific basis for the selection of occupational health risk assessment methods in the shoe -making industry in China. Methods From 2019 to 2020, four shoe -making enterprises in Guangzhou were selected as the study objects. And six methods, including the US Environmental Protection Agency inhalation risk assessment method (US EPA method), the Multiple Exposure Scenarios method (MES method), the International Council on Mining and Metals Occupational Health Assessment Method (ICMM method), the Australian Occupational Health and Safety Risk Assessment Method (Australian method), the GBZ/T 298-2017 "Technical Guidelines for Occupational Health Risk Assessment of Chemical Hazardous Factors in the Workplace" Comprehensive Index Method (Comprehensive Index Method), and the Hazardous Operation Grading Method, were used to conduct occupational health risk assessment for the key positions in the shoe -making enterprises. The risk ratio was used to standardize the risk assessment results derived from these six methods, and the results of the six methods were compared. Results The airborne concentrations of benzene, 1,2 -dichloroethane, trichloroethylene, and n-Hexane in the key positions of these four shoe -making enterprises were lower than the national occupational exposure limit. There were differences in results derived from six methods. The pairwise comparison showed that the risk levels assessed by the US EPA method, the Comprehensive Index Method, the MES method, the ICMM method, and the Australian method were statistically higher than those assessed with the Hazardous Operation Grading Method (P < 0.05). Among them, the risk level assessed by the US EPA method was the highest, followed by the Comprehensive Index Method; similar risk levels were derived by the MES method and the Australian method; and the ICMM method had a large difference from other assessment methods. Conclusions It is recommended to use the Comprehensive Index Method as the main method, with both the MES method and the Australian method as the supplementary methods. A combination of multiple assessment methods is suggested to conduct occupational health risk assessment in the shoe-making industry. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

During the storage and processing of mung beans, proteins and polyphenols are highly susceptible to interactions with each other. Using globulin extracted from mung beans as the raw material, the study combined it with ferulic acid (FA; phenolic acid) and vitexin (flavonoid). Physical and chemical indicators were combined with spectroscopy and kinetic methods, relying on SPSS and peak fit data to statistically analyze the conformational and antioxidant activity changes of mung bean globulin and two polyphenol complexes before and after heat treatment and clarify the differences and the interaction mechanism between globulin and the two polyphenols. The results showed that, with the increase in polyphenol concentration, the antioxidant activity of the two compounds increased significantly. In addition, the antioxidant activity of the mung bean globulin–FA complex was stronger. However, after heat treatment, the antioxidant activity of the two compounds decreased significantly. The interaction mechanism of the mung bean globulin–FA/vitexin complex was static quenching, and heat treatment accelerated the occurrence of the quenching phenomenon. Mung bean globulin and two polyphenols were combined through a hydrophobic interaction. However, after heat treatment, the binding mode with vitexin changed to an electrostatic interaction. The infrared characteristic absorption peaks of the two compounds shifted to different degrees, and new peaks appeared in the areas of 827 cm−1, 1332 cm−1, and 812 cm−1. Following the interaction between mung bean globulin and FA/vitexin, the particle size decreased, the absolute value of zeta potential increased, and the surface hydrophobicity decreased. After heat treatment, the particle size and zeta potential of the two composites decreased significantly, and the surface hydrophobicity and stability increased significantly. The antioxidation and thermal stability of the mung bean globulin–FA were better than those of the mung bean globulin–vitexin complex. This study aimed to provide a theoretical reference for the protein–polyphenol interaction mechanism and a theoretical basis for the research and development of mung bean functional foods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, multiple-impurity adsorption purification (MIA) technologies and liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) were used to establish a method for detecting 11 mycotoxins in maize. The conditions for mass spectrometry and MIA were optimized. Maize was extracted with 70% acetonitrile solution, enriched, and purified using MIA technologies, and then, analyzed via LC-MS/MS. The results showed that the linear correlation coefficients of the 11 mycotoxins were >0.99, the sample recoveries ranged from 77.5% to 98.4%, and the relative standard deviations were <15%. The validated method was applied to investigate actual samples, and the results showed that the main contaminating toxins in maize were aflatoxins (AFs), deoxynivalenol (DON), fumonisins (FBs), ochratoxin A (OTA), and zearalenone (ZEN). Additionally, simultaneous contamination by multiple toxins was common. The maximum detection values of the mycotoxins were 77.65, 1280.18, 200,212.41, 9.67, and 526.37 μg/kg for AFs, DON, FBs, OTA, and ZEN, respectively. The method is simple in pre-treatment, convenient in operation, and suitable for the simultaneous determination of 11 types of mycotoxins in maize. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Self-efficacy affects job burnout through psychological resilience. Higher levels of self-efficacy and mental resilience may reduce the job burnout. The mediating effect of resilience can be influenced by neuroticism. Higher levels of neuroticism have a negative effect on the moderating role of self-efficacy on job burnout through psychological resilience. Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate the status of self-efficacy, resilience, personality traits, and job burnout of grassroots civil servants, and their relationship. Methods: Grassroots civil servants were randomly selected, and questionnaire survey method was adopted. Results: Civil servants with characteristics such as age, marital status, education level, and length of service were more prone to job burnout. Self-efficacy, resilience, and personality traits were important factors influencing job burnout of grassroots civil servants. Neuroticism played a regulating role in the relationship between self-efficacy and mental resilience. The increase of neuroticism score led to increasing mediation of self-efficacy on job burnout through decreased mental resilience. Conclusions: Higher levels of self-efficacy and mental resilience may reduce job burnout. Higher levels of neuroticism have a negative effect on the moderating role of self-efficacy on job burnout through psychological resilience. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this study, a method, based on an ultraperformance liquid chromatography coupled with high-field quadrupole orbitrap high-resolution mass spectrometry (UHPLC-QE-HF-HRMS) platform, was established for the trace determination of three major avenanthramides (AVNs). The MS conditions for determining the AVNs were optimized, and the cracking methods of avenanthramides were analyzed. The linear range of the results and the correlation coefficient were 1–2000 μg/L and >0.996, respectively. Further, the established method was employed for the determination of the AVN contents of oats at different germination times, and the results indicated that the AVN contents of Zaohua and Bayou oats increased 19.26 and 6.09 times, respectively, after germination. The total AVN content of both oat varieties reached a maximum on the fifth day of germination (153.51 ± 4.08 and 126.30 ± 3.33 μg/g for the Zaohua and Bayou oats, respectively). Furthermore, this study investigated the antiallergic and antioxidant activities of the germinated oats via hyaluronidase inhibition and 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH)-scavenging assays. The antiallergic and DPPH-scavenging abilities of the ungerminated forms of both oat varieties were weaker. However, on the fifth day of germination, the inhibition rate of anthranilamide hyaluronidase reached 72.7% and 67.3% for the Zaohua and Bayou oat varieties, respectively. The antiallergic abilities of the oats increased significantly on the fifth day of germination in terms of their antiallergic capacities and DPPH clearance (82.67% and 77.64% for the Zaohua and Bayou oats, respectively), and the two indicators exhibited similar trends. These findings demonstrated that AVNs exhibit good antisensitivity and antioxidation properties, and the antisensitivity effect correlated positively with the AVN content. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

An ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with high-field quadrupole-orbitrap mass spectrometry (UHPLC-QE-MS) histological platform was used to analyze the effects of two thermal processing methods (cooking and steaming) on the nutritional metabolic components of black beans. Black beans had the most amino acids, followed by lipids and polyphenols, and more sugars. Multivariate statistical analysis indicated that heat processing significantly affected the metabolic component content in black beans, with effects varying among different components. Polyphenols, especially flavonoids and isoflavones, were highly susceptible. A total of 197 and 210 differential metabolites were identified in both raw black beans and cooked and steamed black beans, respectively. Cooking reduced the cumulative content of amino acids, lipids, polyphenols, sugars, and nucleosides, whereas steaming reduced amino acid and lipid content, slightly increased polyphenol content, and significantly increased sugar and nucleoside content. Our results indicated that metabolic components were better retained during steaming than cooking. Heat treatment had the greatest impact on amino acids, followed by polyphenols, fatty acids, sugars, and vitamins, indicating that cooking promotes the transformation of most substances and the synthesis of a few. The results of this study provide a basis for further research and development of nutritional products using black beans. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Acute tonsillitis has high morbidity. Chinese herbal injections (CHIs) were reported to be useful in treating acute tonsillitis and might reduce the probability of antibiotic resistance. Nevertheless, the optimal strategy for combining CHIs with western medicine (WM) to treat acute tonsillitis remains unclear. Methods: We retrieved data from the following databases with retrieval time from inception to 11 January 2022: PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Cochrane Library, China National Knowledge Infrastructure, Wanfang Database, Weipu Journal Database, and Chinese Biomedical Literature Database. Version 2 of the Cochrane risk-of-bias tool (ROB2) was used for evaluating the quality of the included studies. R 4.1.2, STATA 14.0, and Python 3.10.4 were employed for network meta-analysis, with 5-dimensional K-means cluster analysis, meta-regression analyses, sensitivity analyses, and subgroup analyses. Results: A total of 110 randomized controlled trials including 12,152 patients were included. All the studies were rated as "high risk" and "some concerns". In terms of improving clinical effectiveness rate, Qingkailing injection + WM ranked ahead of other interventions (89.51%). Regarding reducing antipyretic time, Reduning injection + WM had the highest-ranking probability (68.48%). As for shortening sore throat relief time, Shuanghuanglian injection + WM ranked first (76.82%). Concerning shortening red and swollen tonsils relief time, Yanhuning injection + WM possessed the highest-ranking probability (89.17%). In terms of reducing tonsillar exudate relief time, Xuebijing injection + WM ranked ahead of the other interventions (94.82%). Additionally, the results of the cluster analysis suggested that Xuebijing injection + WM, Reduning injection + WM, and Yanhuning injection + WM were probably the best interventions. Furthermore, adverse drug reactions rate of Xuebijing injection + WM, Reduning injection + WM, Yanhuning injection + WM, Qingkailing injection + WM, and Shuanghuanglian injection + WM were individually 0.00%, 3.11%, 3.08%, 4.29%, and 4.62%. Conclusions: CHIs + WM have a better impact on patients with acute tonsillitis than WM alone. Xuebijing injection, Reduning injection, and Yanhuning injection might have potential advantages in treating the disease. Concerning adverse drug reactions, Xuebijing injection is presumably the optimal CHI. More high-quality studies are needed to further confirm our findings. Systematic Review Registration: CRD42022303243; URL= https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/display_record.php?RecordID=303243 [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Change detection (CD) of remote sensing (RS) images has enjoyed remarkable success by virtue of convolutional neural networks (CNNs) with promising discriminative capabilities. However, CNNs lack the capability of modeling long-range dependencies in bitemporal image pairs, resulting in inferior identifiability against the same semantic targets yet with varying features. The recently thriving Transformer, on the contrary, is warranted, for practice, with global receptive fields. To jointly harvest the local-global features and circumvent the misalignment issues caused by step-by-step downsampling operations in traditional backbone networks, we propose an intra-scale cross-interaction and inter-scale feature fusion network (ICIF-Net), explicitly tapping the potential of integrating CNN and Transformer. In particular, the local features and global features, respectively, extracted by CNN and Transformer, are interactively communicated at the same spatial resolution using a linearized Conv Attention module, which motivates the counterpart to glimpse the representation of another branch while preserving its own features. In addition, with the introduction of two attention-based inter-scale fusion schemes, including mask-based aggregation and spatial alignment (SA), information integration is enforced at different resolutions. Finally, the integrated features are fed into a conventional change prediction head to generate the output. Extensive experiments conducted on four CD datasets of bitemporal (RS) images demonstrate that our ICIF-Net surpasses the other state-of-the-art (SOTA) approaches. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Septic shock is associated with high morbidity and mortality. Studies have reported that Chinese herbal injections (CHIs) in combination with Western medicine (WM) were more favorable. However, the debate on optimal CHIs is ongoing. The objective of this study is to explore the comparative effectiveness of CHIs for septic shock. Methods: We retrieved data from the English and Chinese databases with retrieval time from database inception to 30 September 2021. Network meta-analysis was performed, with evaluation of methodological quality among the included studies and assessment of strength of evidence among the outcomes. Results: A total of 77 RCTs with 5,647 patients were included. All the studies were rated as some concerns. In terms of 28-days-mortality, Yiqifumai injection (YQFM)+WM, Shuxuetong injection (SXT)+WM, Xuebijing injection (XBJ)+WM, and Shenfu injection (SF)+WM were better than WM; YQFM + WM and SXT + WM were superior for Shenmai injection (SM)+WM; YQFM + WM was superior for SF + WM; YQFM + WM ranked first. Regarding ICU length of stay, SF + WM and XBJ + WM were better than WM; XBJ + WM was superior for SF + WM; XBJ + WM ranked first. Concerning hospital length of stay, Shenqifuzheng injection (SQFZ)+WM, Shengmai injection (SGM)+WM, and XBJ + WM had greater potential than WM and SF + WM; SQFZ + WM ranked first. As for SOFA score at 7-days, XBJ + WM and SF + WM were superior for WM; XBJ + WM was superior for SF + WM; XBJ + WM ranked first. Regarding procalcitonin level at 7-days, SF + WM, SM + WM, and Xiyanping injection (XYP)+WM were better than WM; XYP + WM was superior for SF + WM, SGM + WM, SM + WM, Danshen injection (DS)+WM, and XBJ + WM; XYP + WM ranked first. Concerning serum lactate level at 7-days, SF + WM and SM + WM were more effective than XBJ + WM and WM; SM + WM ranked first. The comparisons were rated as moderate (15.05%), low (40.86%), and very low quality (44.09%); the strength of evidence of ranking probability for hospital length of stay was low whereas the remaining outcomes were rated as very low. Conclusions: CHIs combined with WM might have higher efficacies for septic shock than WM alone. YQFM, XBJ, SQFZ, XYP, SM, SGM, and SF may be the potential optimal CHIs for septic shock. More and better evidence is needed to validate the conclusions. Systematic Review Registration: https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/display%5frecord.php?, identifier CRD42021282958. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Low-rank modeling has achieved great success in visual data completion. However, the low-rank assumption of original visual data may be in approximate mode, which leads to suboptimality for the recovery of underlying details, especially when the missing rate is extremely high. In this paper, we go further by providing a detailed analysis about the rank distributions in Hankel structured and clustered cases, and figure out both non-local similarity and patch-based structuralization play a positive role. This motivates us to develop a new Hankel low-rank tensor recovery method that is competent to truthfully capture the underlying details with sacrifice of slightly more computational burden. First, benefiting from the correlation of different spectral bands and the smoothness of local spatial neighborhood, we divide the visual data into overlapping 3D patches and group the similar ones into individual clusters exploring the non-local similarity. Second, the 3D patches are individually mapped to the structured Hankel tensors for better revealing low-rank property of the image. Finally, we solve the tensor completion model via the well-known alternating direction method of multiplier (ADMM) optimization algorithm. Due to the fact that size expansion happens inevitably in Hankelization operation, we further propose a fast randomized skinny tensor singular value decomposition (rst-SVD) to accelerate the per-iteration running efficiency. Extensive experimental results on real world datasets verify the superiority of our method compared to the state-of-the-art visual inpainting approaches. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Recently, convolution neural network (CNN)-based hyperspectral image (HSI) classification has enjoyed high popularity due to its appealing performance. However, using 2-D or 3-D convolution in a standalone mode may be suboptimal in real applications. On the one hand, the 2-D convolution overlooks the spectral information in extracting feature maps. On the other hand, the 3-D convolution suffers from heavy computation in practice and seems to perform poorly in scenarios having analogous textures along with consecutive spectral bands. To solve these problems, we propose a mixed CNN with covariance pooling for HSI classification. Specifically, our network architecture starts with spectral–spatial 3-D convolutions that followed by a spatial 2-D convolution. Through this mixture operation, we fuse the feature maps generated by 3-D convolutions along the spectral bands for providing complementary information and reducing the dimension of channels. In addition, the covariance pooling technique is adopted to fully extract the second-order information from spectral–spatial feature maps. Motivated by the channel-wise attention mechanism, we further propose two principal component analysis (PCA)-involved strategies, channel-wise shift and channel-wise weighting, to highlight the importance of different spectral bands and recalibrate channel-wise feature response, which can effectively improve the classification accuracy and stability, especially in the case of limited sample size. To verify the effectiveness of the proposed model, we conduct classification experiments on three well-known HSI data sets, Indian Pines, University of Pavia, and Salinas Scene. The experimental results show that our proposal, although with less parameters, achieves better accuracy than other state-of-the-art methods. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Storage is an essential part of brown rice circulation. During the storage process, the metabolic activity of brown rice is still ongoing, and long‐term storage leads to the deterioration of brown rice. Metabolomics analysis was performed using gas chromatography–mass spectrometry to investigate the changes in metabolites of brown rice after storage at 18 °C for 12 months. Results: In terms of quantity, sugar, fatty acids, and other metabolites in brown rice decreased after storage, and alcohols, aldehydes, phenols, and amines increased. A total of 34 differential metabolites were screened. In terms of contents, carbohydrates, amino acids, and fatty acids of brown rice decreased after storage, while those of sugar alcohol, amines, and aldehydes increased after storage. Cluster analysis of the samples at zero storage time revealed that the metabolites expressed least became highly expressed after storage and those expressed highly became low after storage. Metabolic pathway analysis showed that storage significantly influenced the lipid metabolism in brown rice. Palmitoleic acid, cholesterol, linoleic acid, and lauric acid are four key metabolites in lipid metabolism during storage of brown rice. Conclusion: Significant changes occurred in quantity and type of brown rice metabolites after storage. Storage has the greatest effect on lipids. Storage caused a 'reverse change' in the metabolites content of brown rice. The results obtained may help in understanding the changes in metabolites profile and delaying of the quality deterioration of brown rice during storage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Metabolomic studies were carried out using gas chromatography and mass spectrometry (GC‐MS) on Daohuaxiang variety rice (Oryza sativa L.) from the Wuchang Geographical Indication Rice Protection Area in Heilongjiang Province, to investigate the effects of storage on brown rice metabolism. The data were subjected to principal component analysis (PCA), orthogonal partial least squares‐discriminant analysis (OPLS‐DA), and cluster analysis using software such as SIMCA. Analysis of the samples led to the identification of a total of 160 metabolites. No significant differences were found in the amount of metabolites before and after storage. A total of 31 differential metabolites were screened, and the changes in metabolite content showed a "reverse change" overall. Storage significantly changed the content of various metabolites in rice, with fatty acids impacted most significantly. Metabolic pathway analysis revealed that fatty acid biosynthesis is a key metabolic pathway in rice storage. The degradation of brown rice quality caused by storage is closely related to the composition and content of its metabolites, and that change in lipid content significantly affects brown rice quality during storage. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The analytical method for the metabolomics of the 60 rice seeds from two main rice origins in Heilongjiang Province was developed based on gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrum. The specific differential metabolites between two rice origins were identified, and the distinguish of the two main origins was illustrated by using the R software platform with XCMS software package for gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrum data processing, combined with multivariate statistical analysis software. The result indicated that the 173 peaks were detected, and 54 of which were structurally identified, covering amino acids, aliphatic acid, sugar, polyols, and so on. By comparing the data of Wuchang and Jiansanjiang origins, it was found that there were 9 special metabolites in Wuchang origin and 8 special metabolites in Jiansanjiang origin. The 10 differential metabolites with significant changes (P<0.05, VIP ≥ 1) were filtrated. It is indicated that the differential metabolites of rice carry information of their origin and there are the differences in the metabolites of rice in two main origins. The proposed method is expected to be useful for the metabolomic researches of rice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Owing to the outstanding feature extraction capability, convolutional neural networks (CNNs) have been widely applied in hyperspectral image (HSI) classification problems and have achieved an impressive performance. However, it is well known that 2D convolution suffers from the absent consideration of spectral information, while 3D convolution requires a huge amount of computational cost. In addition, the cost of labeling and the limitation of computing resources make it urgent to improve the generalization performance of the model with scarcely labeled samples. To relieve these issues, we design an end-to-end 3D octave and 2D vanilla mixed CNN, namely Oct-MCNN-HS, based on the typical 3D-2D mixed CNN (MCNN). It is worth mentioning that two feature fusion operations are deliberately constructed to climb the top of the discriminative features and practical performance. That is, 2D vanilla convolution merges the feature maps generated by 3D octave convolutions along the channel direction, and homology shifting aggregates the information of the pixels locating at the same spatial position. Extensive experiments are conducted on four publicly available HSI datasets to evaluate the effectiveness and robustness of our model, and the results verify the superiority of Oct-MCNN-HS both in efficacy and efficiency. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Lancelet (amphioxus) represents the most basally divergent extant chordate (cephalochordates) that diverged from the other two chordate lineages (urochordates and vertebrates) more than half a billion years ago. As it occupies a key position in evolution, it is considered as one of the best proxies for understanding the chordate ancestral state. Thus, the construction of a database with multiple lancelet genomes and gene annotation data, including protein domains, is urgently needed to investigate the loss and gain of domains in orthologues among species, especially ancient domain types (non-vertebrate-specific domains) and novel domain combination, which is helpful for providing new insight into the chordate ancestral state and vertebrate evolution. Here, we present an integrated genome database for lancelet, LanceletDB, which provides reference haploid genome sequence and annotation data for lancelet (Branchiostoma belcheri), including gene models and annotation, protein domain types, gene expression pattern in embryogenesis, different expression sequence tag sets and alternative polyadenylation (APA) sites profiled by the sequencing APA sites method. Especially, LanceletDB allows comparison of domain types and combination in orthologues among type species so as to decode the ancient domain types and novel domain combination during evolution. We also integrated the released diploid lancelet genome annotation data (Branchiostoma floridae) to expand LanceletDB and extend its usefulness. These data are available through the search and analysis page, basic local alignment search tool page and genome browser to provide an integrated display. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Parkinson's disease (PD) is characterized by progressive degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra (SN)-striatum circuit, which is associated with glial activation and consequent chronic neuroinflammation. Optimized Yinxieling Formula (OYF) is a Chinese medicine that exerts therapeutical effect and antiinflammation property on psoriasis. Our previous study has proven that pretreatment with OYF could regulate glia-mediated inflammation in an acute mouse model of PD induced by 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine. Given that PD is a chronic degeneration disorder, this study applied another PD animal model induced by striatal injection of 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) to mimic the progressive damage of the SN-striatum dopamine system in rats. The OYF was administrated in the manner of pretreatment plus treatment. The effects of the OYF on motor behaviors were assessed with the apomorphine-induced rotation test and adjusting steps test. To confirm the effect of OYF on dopaminergic neurons and glia activation in this model, we analyzed the expression of tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) and glia markers, ionized calcium-binding adapter molecule 1 (Iba-1), and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP) in the SN region of the rat PD model. Inflammation-associated factors, including tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β), IL-6, inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), and cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), were further evaluated in this model and in interferon-γ- (INF-γ-) induced murine macrophages RAW264.7 cells. The results from the in vivo study showed that OYF reversed the motor behavioral dysfunction in 6-OHDA-induced PD rats, upregulated the TH expression, decreased the immunoreactivity of Iba-1 and GFAP, and downregulated the mRNA levels of TNF-α and COX-2. The OYF also trended to decrease the mRNA levels of IL-1β and iNOS in vivo. The results from the in vitro study showed that OYF significantly decreased the mRNA levels of TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, iNOS, and COX-2. Therefore, this study suggests that OYF exerts antiinflammatory effects, which might be related to the protection of dopaminergic neurons in 6-OHDA-induced chronic neurotoxicity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]