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Far from having only marginal significance and generating a 'subdued' response among African Americans, as some historians have argued, the Nigerian Civil War (1967–1970) collided at full velocity with the conflicting discourses and ideas by which Black Americans sought to understand their place in the United States and the world in the late 1960s. One of the most significant aspects of African American engagement with the civil war was the American Negro Leadership Conference on Africa peace mission that sought to bring the Federal Military Government of Nigeria and the secessionist leadership of the Republic of Biafra together through the mediation of some of the leading Black civil rights leaders in the United States. Through the use of untapped primary sources, this article will reveal that while the mission was primarily focused on finding a just solution to the internecine struggle, it also intersected with broader domestic and international crosscurrents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective. This study evaluated whether a consumer codesigned leaflet about the common skin infection cellulitis would improve patient satisfaction. Methods. A patient information leaflet was codesigned with consumers incorporating health literacy principles and attached to a new adult lower limb cellulitis management plan launched in three regional Victorian health services. Health service staff were educated to provide the leaflet during hospital care. Patients discharged with a diagnosis of cellulitis in an 8-month period were followed-up via telephone between 31 and 60 days after their discharge. Each patient was asked to provide feedback on the utility of the leaflet (if received) and their overall satisfaction with the information provided to them using a five-point scale (with scores of 4 or 5 considered to indicate satisfaction). Results. In all, 81 of 127 (64%) patients (or carers) were contactable, consented to the study and answered the questions. Of these, 27% (n = 22) reported receiving, accepting and reading the leaflet. The proportion of patients who were satisfied with the information provided to them about cellulitis was 100% for those who received the leaflet, compared with 78% for those who did not receive the leaflet (95% confidence interval 4.8-34%; P = 0.02). Conclusion. The provision of a consumer codesigned leaflet increased patient satisfaction with the information received about cellulitis. Real-world strategies to embed the delivery of such resources are required to ensure that more patients receive the benefit. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Despite the availability of evidence-based guidelines, antibiotics for cellulitis remain inappropriately prescribed. This evidence–practice gap is more evident in low-resource settings, such as rural hospitals. This implementation study developed and introduced a cellulitis management plan to improve antibiotic prescribing for cellulitis in three health services in regional Australia. Appropriateness of antibiotic prescribing for cellulitis at Day 1 was the primary outcome measure. Adults with ICD-10-AM codes for lower-limb cellulitis admitted as inpatients of the three health services between May and November 2019 (baseline, n = 165) and March and October 2020 (post-implementation, n = 127) were included in the assessment. The uptake of the cellulitis management plan was 29.1% (37/127). The appropriateness of antibiotic prescribing for cellulitis at Day 1 was similar at baseline (78.7%, 144/183) and in the intention-to-treat post-implementation group (81.8%, 126/154) [95% CI −5.6% to 11.3%, p = 0.50]. Commencement of the cellulitis management plan resulted in a non-statistically significant increase in antibiotic appropriateness at Day 1 compared to when a cellulitis management plan was not commenced (88.1% vs. 79.5%; 95% CI −5.6% to 19.8%; p = 0.20) Evaluation of more real-world strategies to address evidence–practice gaps, such as the appropriateness of antibiotic prescribing for cellulitis, is required. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The fatty acid compositions of the major cerebral cortex phospholipids, phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylethanolamine, and phosphatidylserine were measured in 16 term and one preterm 'cot death' infants fed exclusively either breast milk or one of two formulas. Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA; C22:6n-3) content in cerebral cortex phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylserine of breast fed infants was greater than in both formula groups with significances varying between p < 0.1 and p < 0.001. Compensation for this deficiency in DHA in the formula fed infants was largely achieved by increased incorporation of docosapentaenoic acid (C22:5n-6) in the cerebral cortex of term infants and Mead (C20:3n-9) and dihomo Mead acids (C22:3n-9) in the preterm infant. As the phospholipids most affected are known to perform an important role in membrane function and are possibly integral to neurotransmission it is recommended that breast milk substitute infant formulas should contain n-3 and n-6 series polyunsaturated fatty acids in proportions similar to those of human milk. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Having demonstrated a deficiency in infant cerebral cortex docosahexaenoic acid of formula fed compared with breast milk fed infants, we sought to identify why the extensive subcutaneous tissue triglyceride fatty acid reserves in term new-born infants appeared to be ineffectual in its prevention. In addition to 24 term and six preterm infants who died from 'cot death', tissue was analysed from four perinatal surgical patients and in the former the results were correlated with dietary milk intake. The higher amounts (about 15% by weight) of unsaturated linoleic acid supplied in the formula milks were quantitatively incorporated into the subcutaneous tissue largely at the expense of the saturated palmitic acid possibly compromising adipocyte fluidity. The six preterm infants were in two formula fed groups and there was only one significant difference, namely a higher subcutaneous tissue concentration of alpha-linolenic acid in one of the preterm groups, distinguishing them from their term counterparts. This may imply that the enzymes involved in absorption and digestion of fatty acids are mature in the preterm infant. From birth the mean weight percentage of docosahexaenoic acid (0.4%) fell rapidly to undetectable levels (< 0.05%) in the formula fed group after about two months. It is therefore concluded that if breast feeding is not possible then a minimum daily requirement of 30 mg docosahexaenoic acid (approximately 0.2 g/100 g fatty acids) should be supplied in formulas designed for term infants to prevent the cerebral cortical deficiency of docosahexaenoic acid. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]