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Abstract Background Interleukin-10 (IL-10) is an independent factor for predicting adverse outcomes in pediatric patients with hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH). However, little is known about its prognostic value in adult patients. Methods This single center retrospective study was conducted to explore the prognostic value of IL-10 in 101 adults newly diagnosed with HLH. The serum interleukin levels were quantitatively determined by chemiluminescence using cytokine profiling kits. Results Serum IL-10 levels were significantly increased in adult HLH patients. Elevated IL-10 levels was correlated with lower concentrations of hemoglobin (r = − 0.279, P = 0.005). IL-10 levels were significantly lower in patients with macrophage activation syndrome (MAS) than in those with infection-associated HLH (IAHS) and malignancy-associated HLH (MAHS) (P = 0.033, P = 0.012). Patients with MAS had relatively longer survival than those with IAHS and MAHS (P 1050 µg/L and IL-10 ≥ 129 pg/mL were poor prognostic factors for survival. However, multivariate analysis revealed that only high serum IL-10 levels (≥ 129 pg/mL) at diagnosis and high post-treatment ferritin levels (> 1050 µg/L) were independent risk factors for poor overall survival in adult HLH patients (HR: 4.087, 95% CI 2.064–8.090, P

Objective De novo CD5-positive (CD5+) diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL) has different clinical characteristics compared with CD5-negative (CD5−) DLBCL. However, few studies have been reported in Chinese cohorts. We investigated the clinical features and prognosis of patients with CD5+ DLBCL and summarized the related literature. Methods Data from 245 patients with newly diagnosed DLBCL were retrospectively assessed. Results Thirty-one and 214 patients were diagnosed with CD5+ DLBCL or CD5− DLBCL, respectively. In the CD5+ DLBCL group, there were significantly higher proportions of patients with older age (≥60 years), International Prognostic Index (IPI) ≥3, Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group (ECOG) scores ≥ 2, bone marrow involvement, positive B-cell lymphoma 2 expression, and positive MYC expression. Survival analysis showed that CD5+ DLBCL had a markedly poorer 2-year progression-free survival than CD5− DLBCL (18.2% vs. 56.2%). Univariate analysis indicated that age ≥60 years, ECOG score ≥ 2, IPI ≥ 3, B symptoms, and no rituximab-based treatment were poor predictive factors for overall survival (OS). Multivariate analysis revealed that B symptoms and no rituximab-based treatment, but not positive CD5 expression, were independent factors for OS. Conclusions Patients with CD5+ DLBCL had heterogeneous clinical characteristics and poor survival. The development of more targeted and effective therapies is needed.

Background: The current study aimed to evaluate the expression of circular RNA (circRNA) CDR1as in bladder urothelial carcinoma and adjacent normal tissues, thereby laying the foundation for the research of bladder urothelial carcinoma. Methods: The level of CDR1as was evaluated in the tissues of bladder urothelial carcinoma patients. ROC analysis was carried out to explore the possible diagnostic value of CDR1as. Results: In the current study, we showed novel data that the expression of CDR1as in bladder urothelial carcinoma tissues was significantly higher than that in adjacent tissues. Furthermore, the expression of CDR1as was significantly higher in non-muscle invasive bladder cancer (NMIBC) and high-grade cancer tissues than in muscle invasive bladder cancer (MIBC) and low-grade cancer tissues. In patients with lymph node metastasis, the expression of CDR1as was also significantly higher. Moreover, the expression of CDR1as was higher in high-stage, highgrade bladder urothelial carcinoma than in low-stage and low-grade cancer tissues. Real time PCR analysis showed that there was no difference in the expression of CDR1as among the patients according to the grouping of gender (male vs. female), age (= 65 years vs. > 65 years), tumor size (= 3 cm vs. > 3 cm), and lymphatic invasion (LVI). Conclusions: The current study for the first time showed upregulation of CDR1as may be involved in the development and progression of bladder urothelial carcinoma. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Renal impairment (RI) is one of the hallmarks of multiple myeloma (MM) and carries a poor prognosis. Microvesicles (MVs) are membrane vesicles and play an important role in disease progression. Here, we investigated the role of MVs derived from MM cells (MM-MVs) in RI of MM. We found that MM-MVs significantly inhibited viability and induced apoptosis, but not epithelial-mesenchymal transition in human kidney-2 (HK-2), a human renal tubular epithelial cell line. The protein levels of cleaved caspase-3, 8, and 9, and E-cadherin, were increased, but vementin levels were decreased in the HK-2 cells treated with MM-MVs. Through a comparative sequencing and analysis of RNA content between the MVs from RPMI8226MMcells (RPMI8226-MVs) and K562 leukemia cells, RPMI8226-MVs were enriched with more renal-pathogenic miRNAs, in which the selective miRNAs may participate in the up-regulation of the levels of cleaved caspase-3. Furthermore, the levels of CD138+ circulating MVs (cirMVs) in the peripheral blood were positively correlated with the severity of RI in newly-diagnosed MM. Our study supports MM-MVs representing a previously undescribed factor and playing a potential role in the development of RI of MM patients, and sheds light on the potential application of CD138+ cirMV counts in precise diagnosis of RI in MM and exploring MM-MVs as a therapeutic target. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Microvesicles (MVs) in body fluids participate in a variety of physical and pathological processes, and are regarded as potential biomarkers for numerous diseases. Flow cytometry (FCM) is among the most frequently used techniques for MV detection. However, different handling methods unavoidably cause pre-analytical variations in the counts and sizes of MVs determined by FCM. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of centrifugation, storage conditions and anticoagulant on MV measurements. Blood samples were obtained from 13 healthy donors, including 4 women and 9 men. Calcein-AM staining was used to label MVs and assess the impact of pre-analytical preparation, including centrifugation, and storage conditions on MV measurements obtained using FCM. The range of factors investigated for comparison included: Platelet-free plasma (PFP) stored at -80°C for 1 or 4 weeks; MVs stored at 4°C for 3-4 days or 1 week; MVs frozen at -80°C for 1 or 4 weeks; and anticoagulants, either heparin or ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA). No statistically significant differences in MV counts were detected between the two centrifugation speeds (16,000 and 20,500 x g) or among the three centrifugation times (15, 30 and 60 min) investigated. Similarly, no significant differences were noted in MV counts between the two anticoagulants tested (heparin and EDTA). However, the storage of PFP or MVs in heparin-anticoagulated plasma for different periods markedly affected the detected MV counts and size distribution. The counts and sizes of MVs from EDTA-anticoagulated plasma were only affected when the MVs were frozen at -80°C for 4 weeks. In conclusion, calcein-AM is able to efficiently identify MVs from plasma and may be an alternative to Annexin V for MV staining. EDTA preserves the MV counts and size more accurately compared with heparin under calcein-AM staining. PFP centrifuged at 16,000 x g for 15 min is sufficient to isolate MVs, which enables the batch processing of samples. PFP, rather than MVs alone, appears to be the preferable mode of sample storage, as MVs stored in PFP were less affected by storage temperature and duration. The present study provides a methodology for MV collection, storage and isolation, to facilitate further investigation of MVs as biomarkers in disease. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]