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There exist two possible aggregation issues in studies to asymmetric price responses: (i) an issue due to aggregation over time, and (ii) an issue due to aggregation over space. Empirical studies already confirm the existence of the first issue. This paper confirms the existence of the second issue by studying daily retail prices of individual gasoline stations. I find that 38% of the stations respond asymmetrically to changes in the gasoline spot market price. Hence, asymmetric pricing is a feature of individual firms. Keywords: Asymmetric Price Responses, Price Setting, Gasoline Markets, 1. INTRODUCTION Asymmetric price responses occur when prices rise more rapidly after an increase in costs than they decline after a decrease in costs (see Peltzman (2000)). Many consumers and [...]

The use of the word 'variata' in Catullus' introduction reinforces its traditional qualities thereby contrasting it with the innovations in the actual ekphrasis. Laird interpretation that the word anticipates the variations to tradition in ekphrasis does not account for the literal meaning of the word. 'Variata' is typical of words seen in Greek poetic description and enhances the traditional quality of the introduction.

The involvement of several agents in the production of academic disputations in the early modern period raises the issue of intellectual property: given the various roles of presider, objectors, respondent, and recorder, modern scholars differ on the extent to which the contents of a disputation may be ascribed to the thinking of the one presiding professor. For the disputations published in the Leiden Synopsis the question of authorship challenges the assumption that theological positions that are expressed reflect the views of the individual faculty member. This article demonstrates that extensive internal evidence of a stylistic nature warrants the conclusion that the presiding professor composed the published version of the disputation. A detailed analysis of the disputations over which Antony Thysius presided exposes several features of unique writing style which point to single authorship. Thus one may delineate with greater confidence the theological positions, and development, of each author of the Synopsis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

There is a widespread suspicion that suggested prices act as a focal point for individual firms when setting their prices. Oil companies announce suggested prices for gasoline stations in the Dutch retail market. We show that, compared to the gasoline spot market price, suggested prices contain additional information that explains retail price changes. We conclude that suggested prices have a horizontal coordinating effect in the sense that retail prices react to information that suggested prices contain and that is unrelated to firms' costs (i.e., the information that firms use under normal competitive conditions). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the 1519 edition of the Novum Testamentum Erasmus replaced the traditional Marcionite Argumenta which prefaced each of the Pauline Epistles in the Novum Instrumentum of 1516 with newly composed Argumenta of his own. This article explores the function of these prefaces within the broader context of Erasmus' program of biblical scholarship. Broaching the topics of authorship, literary style, theological content, and devotional application which are more fully worked out in the Annotations, Paraphrases, and Ratio verae theologiae, the Argumenta express in miniature Erasmus' objectives as an editor of the Bible. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The demonstrated Greek origins of Latin terms of allusion lead one to consider also a possibly Hellenistic background for the common figure of memory as signal of literary reference in Latin poetry. Tracing the models for terms of literary reminiscence in Republican and Augustan poetry to Callimachus and Apollonius in particular, this article demonstrates that memory as trope for literary allusion occurs in Hellenistic poetry, wherein several features and varieties of it anticipate later imitations. Focalized by the narrator as well as by internal characters, the trope of literary remembrance is employed in Hellenistic poetry to effect complex intertextual relations. The article concludes with two examples from Greek and Latin poetry of late antiquity that demonstrate the longevity of the device. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Addresses problems in the interpretation of the Epistle to Titus. History of the exegesis; Current interpretation of the Epistle to Titus; Assessments of the main theme in the Epistle to Titus.