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Nata in pieno XVII secolo a Verona, l’arte dei biavaroli fatica a ritagliarsi un proprio spazio autonomo di manovra. Se da un lato, infatti, il governo cittadino appoggia la nascita di nuove corporazioni – caldeggiata, a metà xviii secolo dagli anziani delle Arti – dall’altra le organizzazioni già esistenti guardano con sospetto alla possibile erosione di una serie di prerogative e vantaggi sino a questo momento loro riservate. È il caso, in particolare, di pistori (fornai) e molinari (mugnai), corporazioni che fino a questo momento avevano gestito in esclusiva la vendita di legumi e cereali, affidata ora – almeno in parte – alla nuova corporazione. Attraverso suppliche, processi, richieste di precisazioni, la nuova arte prova con fatica a definire il proprio ambito, in un contesto urbano – quello che segue alla terribile pestilenza degli anni Trenta del xvii secolo – in fase di ridefinizione e riorganizzazione.

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Nelle fonti medievali relative alla pianura veronese occidentale si trova indicata talvolta una via di San Pietro. Attraverso la ricognizione sui luoghi e lo spoglio di una ricca documentazione d’archivio – in particolare atti notarili degli enti monastici proprietari in antico delle terre attraversate dalla via (soprattutto quello di San Zeno), il Campion delle strade formato dal Comune di Verona nel 1589, i Libri d’Estimo dei Comuni interessati dal percorso della via, la topografia medievale e moderna disponibile, a cominciare dalla così detta Carta dell’Almagià, della seconda metà del Quattrocento, per giungere fino Catasto Unico Italiano, istituito nel 1886 – si ricostruisce il percorso che risulta unire anticamente la città di Verona al paese di San Pietro in Valle, ai limiti del territorio veronese, attraversando l’intera pianura occidentale. In particolare, essa consentiva un diretto collegamento tra il grande e potente monastero di San Zeno al piccolo monastero di San Pietro di Moratica che da questo dipendeva.

This article attempts to identify some of the philosophical-theological implications of Franciscan hospitality, starting from the assumption that we are "pilgrims and strangers in this world" (Later Rule 6:2, FF 90), meaning, that the places where we are born and where we come to rest are not in this world but 'elsewhere'. The article makes two quick explorations. The first tries to clearly identify the point in the modern era, when the idea of the transcendent nature of our coming into the world was put aside. To confirm this, we mention three distinct theoretical frameworks relating to the modern era (Dostoevsky, Byung-Chul and Heidegger), which is characterized by the primacy of scientific-technical reasoning. The second exploration concerns the fruitfulness of the shift from Western rationalism to Scotist-Franciscan voluntarism, which points to the primacy of the will, by whose light we try to interpret reality and our history. The article concludes with the idea that each of us is called to be hospitable to one another as a sign of gratitude to God, because God, for His part, treats us hospitably even though He could have chosen not to do so. Thus, we are to have a properly Franciscan attitude toward our neighbor, one which is characterized by openness and generosity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article aims to verify the reliability in the historiographic narration regarding investiture of the podestà in sixteenth-century Koper-Capodistria with an analytic tool predicated on anthropology, the historical genesis of entry rituals and the universally valid protocol prescription for cities under Venetian rule. This tool has made possible to broadly qualify civic ritual wherewith the podestà was publicly invested with his powers, revealing the underlying social relationships and allowing for a comprehensive understanding of its historiographical reconstruction. The obtained results represent a novelty in the panorama of historical research and bring forth new and stimulating interpretative hypotheses in the case of the Koper-Capodistrian entry ritual. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Centring on non-nobles in the Duchies of Styria, Carniola and Carinthia, this paper addresses dispute settlement in Inner Austria, following the Imperial prohibition of feud in 1495 and the Habsburgs' local consolidation of power earlier in the century. These developments are said to have brought about an end to feuding in the duchies in the 1500s, but by focusing on the concept of enmity, which articulated the same state of social relations, this article presents ample evidence that among all social classes dispute settlement retained much of the traditional practices well into the 1700s. Their survival was instrumentally underpinned by various courts of law and local authorities, regarding them as an indispensable element of keeping social cohesion and peace. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Il progetto LIMEN. Linguaggi della mediazione notarile tra Medioevo ed Età Moderna – presentato nel contributo – ha inteso studiare i linguaggi verbali (parole, formule, citazioni) e non verbali (immagini, forme e supporti materiali, numeri e dispositivi ragionieristico-contabili) adottati dai notai nello svolgimento del complesso ruolo di mediazione tra persone, culture e istanze differenti, le cui premesse teoriche sono rintracciabili in Età Classica e Tardo Antica, ma le cui linee di sviluppo si comprendono solo in una prospettiva di lungo periodo, giungendo a maturazione in età medievale.

Ad oggi non esistono in letteratura studi specificatamente dedicati al collezionismo privato di antichità in Basilicata, al contrario di quanto avvenuto in altre regioni limitrofe del Meridione d’Italia. Eppure, ad un’attenta disamina delle fonti bibliografiche e archivistiche – queste ultime per lo più inedite – disponibili, appare evidente come questo territorio molto ricco sotto il profilo archeologico abbia in realtà conosciuto, tra il XVIII e gli inizi del XX secolo, numerose ed importanti esperienze collezionistiche a livello locale. Nel presente contributo si cercherà per la prima volta non solo di enuclearne sistematicamente episodi e protagonisti principali, ma anche di delinearne alcune linee di tendenza generali e seguirne l’evoluzione di forme e contenuti nel corso del tempo. L’intento che si vuole perseguire, in altre parole, è quello di giungere ad una messa a fuoco della “cultura collezionistica” lucana, la quale pare perfettamente inserirsi e trovare ragion d’essere nella più ampia cultura antiquaria italiana e europea del periodo considerato, offrendo al contempo nuovi dati per la conoscenza di una delle sue espressioni più peculiari: la pratica di ricercare e raccogliere testimonianze materiali del passato al fine di elaborare nuove costruzioni identitarie nel presente.

Copyright of Archivio Giuridico is the property of Mucchi Editore and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Arte e notai: un binomio non inconsueto, ma che rivela interessanti e inedite sfaccettature se proiettato entro una prospettiva storico-giuridica. Adottando tale prospettiva, il presente studio intende tratteggiare un possibile metodo d’indagine e alcune linee d’applicazione dello stesso. In particolare, si propone di impiegare l’opera d’arte e il complesso processo che la investe, dalla committenza alla circolazione, quale dispositivo ermeneutico e fil rouge tematico, utile a investigare, attraverso i documenti d’archivio d’età moderna, il ruolo del notaio. Un ruolo che, attraverso gli strumenti del diritto, si esplica in un’attività di ‘mediazione’ fra volontà, linguaggi, generazioni, e che vede il notaio protagonista attivo di una fitta rete di nessi sociali, economici e culturali.

Il contributo commenta alcuni problemi affrontati nel volume curato da Paola Guglielmotti dalla prospettiva della prima età moderna e li discute secondo un approccio comparativo, spaziale e temporale, e un’osservazione mirata agli spazi di azione. Una riflessione sui differenti concetti e sui focus tematici attorno alla dote e alle sue implicazioni è seguita dalla disamina sia dei parametri della diseguaglianza, quale conseguenza della restrizione di larga portata dei diritti proprietari delle donne a partire dal 1143, sia dei patrimoni nella disponibilità delle donne sotto forma di extradotes. Il commento sottolinea l’ampia gamma di patrimoni e di contesti specifici come pure i nessi tra diritto e prassi.

In the earliest modern-age descriptions of Lucania emerge feelings close to an ante litteram Burkian delightful horror where out-of-reach mountains, impervious woods and gloomy marshes make up the recurring descriptive programme of lands «as toilsome and unpleasant as a basilisk. And perhaps they received their name from their ruggedness and crookedness», as Leandro Alberti noted in 1550. His reference to the mythologic figure of the reptile, capable of killing people just by looking at them, brews in the impressions of Nineteenth-century travellers who go beyond the picturesque and the antique and translate the seducing horror of such places of wretchedness and death into an inner experience of the landscape, ‘an analytic insight into the Sublime’ where Nature prevails over man and his every action. In this Kantian line converge the travel notes of all Nineteenth-century travellers and artists, unanimously creating an invisible academy of the Sublime accrued by the tremendous magnificence of the landscape.

Copyright of Reti Medievali is the property of Firenze University Press and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

L’epidemia di peste che colpì la città di Milano tra il 1576 e il 1577, durante l’episcopato di Carlo Borromeo, a cui fu appunto intitolata, consente di indagare sulle strategie giuridiche utilizzate per fronteggiare l’emergenza, nell’ambito di una più ampia riflessione sul rapporto tra potere politico, comunità e individuo in età moderna. I provvedimenti adottati dal governo milanese al tempo della peste di San Carlo inducono, per il loro carattere “straordinario”, a svolgere qualche considerazione di ordine complessivo sul delicato bilanciamento tra salute collettiva e libertà individuali. I rimedi adottati dalle autorità politiche per contenere il contagio tendevano, infatti, ieri come oggi, ad accentuare il controllo sulla popolazione, limitando la libertà di circolazione. L’ampio ricorso al diritto penale a scopo intimidatorio e preventivo consente, in particolare, di esaminare i risvolti penalistici delle misure di contrasto alla diffusione del contagio, che anche oggi hanno rappresentato uno dei principali temi di discussione.

In the last years Italian historiography has paid a pretty fair attention to the issue of censorship in Modern Age, especially by focusing on the relationship between the Indexes (Indici) of the Catholic Church and the Italian society. A few monographs, which since 2005 have started to deal with the topic related to 16th and 17th centuries, are here analyzed and compared to outline the directions and trends of the current historical research. This study presents a comparative review of the works of G. Fragnito, U. Rozzo, V. Frajese, F. Barbierato, E. Rebellato, M. Sabato, M. Cavarzere, S. Landi, R. Savelli, M. Infelise. Abandoned some fixed schemes that affected research in the 1900s, historians have opened up new paths to study the subject. This new approach highlights details not so deeply investigated before, such as the formation process of creating different Indici, the relationship with political powers in the Italian peninsula, the divergences within Congregations and the impact that proibitions had on the different social classes of the country. Attention has often been focused on the ‘normalisation’ phase rather than on violent repression occured in 16th century. A special place is here given to the study of the institutional system and the functioning of censorship. The classification of the reading public according to different levels of freedom is as well widely stressed. In the texts two mainstream tendencies have been noticed: the former describes the effort of the censorship structures conceived as a single coherent project to keep society under control; the latter instead, aims to show the divisions inside the Church itself about the goals and methods to follow for the censorship. It is expected therefore a greater openness to foreign historiography that could give important contributions and strength to Italian studies; the opening may also be extended to other history branches and not only those related to books. All the Italian monographs analyzed are enlisted in the appendix.

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Nel corso del medioevo e dell’età moderna, il dovere di verità dell’avvocato venne affermato nell’ambito di un più ampio dibattito sulle tecniche della difesa, in cui si contrapposero due differenti concezioni del ruolo dell’avvocatura nell’amministrazione della giustizia. Fermo il divieto di introdurre falsità nel processo, la questione si incentrò sui limiti dell’argomentazione, fra tutela degli interessi del cliente, con particolare riguardo al dovere di segretezza, e collaborazione con il giudice nell’accerta-mento della verità.

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Following the stages of the custom of vengeance, this paper reconstructs conflict resolution among commoners in the Habsburg Duchy of Carniola in early modernity, focusing on the subjects of the Upper Carniolan Lordship of Bled in the first half of the seventeenth century. Disparate cases show that in the Eastern Alpine countryside the rites of enmity and peace had changed little since the Late Middle Ages. Despite the gradual implementation of early modern criminal legislation and growing state interference in the local judiciary, the latter continued to resolve conflicts, including homicide, in cooperation with the community. Remnants of traditional conflict resolution can still be found in the late nineteenth century. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of Mediterranea - Ricerche Storiche is the property of Mediterranea-Ricerche Storiche and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

The paper deals with a case study of 1686 vendetta in Koper, based on original archival documents from judicial bodies of the Republic of Venice and narrative material from the protagonists in the feud. It regards a classic case of vengeance due to the conflicts between various noble kinship groups, formed on the idiom of honour. The reason for the vengeance was a forbidden or at least an unwanted marriage between representatives of two noble families that escalated into the homicide of one relative of the married woman. After an almost three-year lasting, apparently unsuccessful negotiations for the conflict settlement, a retributive homicide of the most prominent representative of the perpetrator’s family took place, which was performed by a maternal uncle of a third family, connected by kinship. It is interesting how the local, and especially the central political judicial authorities intervened in the feud (faida) after the first homicide, in accordance with the principles of the customary system of conflict resolution, by encouraging and lastly forcing the parties in the feud to make peace. However, the attempt to integrate the customary system of conflict resolution into a court settlement apparently failed in this case, as precisely the prevention of the customary system of conflict resolution with a (seeming) state guarantee of security and with force things led to an uprising, caused by an intentional break from the traditional values of honour and roles of kinship connections. Nonetheless, in accordance with the customary system of conflict resolution, the vengeful homicide alone might have been perceived as an established and socially acknowledged end of the conflict. It was based on the fundamental social principle of gift giving, namely that the given gift should be returned, and the insult should demand suitable retribution. The implementation of a strict inquisitorial judicial procedure might have nonetheless prevented possible retaliation after a vindicatory homicide, as is also shown in the judicial practice in other Central and Western European countries of that time. Along with great social changes in the second half of the 15th century, a centralization of justice came about, in addition to fiscal and military reorganization, that was of fundamental importance in European rulers’ efforts to establish supreme control over the entire territory under their jurisdiction. In order to achieve this goal, however, the rulers first had to restrict, by means of legislation and other coercive means, the system of arbitrary conflict resolution by custom. For this purpose, they established a judicial system, i.e. punitive control over both individual influential families and clans, as well as over the population in general. The state judicial apparatus earned the right of prosecution ex officio, whereas the trespasses became individualised. While earlier, in the so-called adversarial law, the judicial investigative process was only able to be led after a lawsuit from the affected communities, in the inquisitorial procedure the judicial trial was initiated by the central judicial authorities, which was the primary reason for their creation. The state inquisitorial trial rites introduced in most Western and Central European countries from the 16th century onwards, which substantially differed from the ecclesiastical inquisitorial procedure (from the 12th century onwards), led to an important innovation. It was precisely the complex inquisitorial judicial rites that were assigned to be exercised by the (state) judge with nearly limitless jurisdiction, including the implementation of torture in all phases of the judicial procedure, which gradually took over the mediatory role of the community in feud and fundamentally disrupted the traditional relationships of values of honour and kinship connections. Studies of early-modern Europe have shown the changes that took place starting from the late 16th century. The introduction in various European countries of authentic inquisitorial procedures, which limited the right to defence and the intervention of the parties concerned, represented a significant step forward in limiting at least the bloodiest developments of feud. From France to England, to Germany and Italy, the new procedures were characterized not so much by ex-officio initiation of trials as by the public jurisdictional nature that the trials took on. With this intrusion and with the legal and ideological criminalisation of feud and blood feud the ruler or the state gradually took away the judicial jurisdiction from former holders of (local) authority: the nobility. Thereafter, the supreme right to revenge and pardon was in the hands of the ruler (state), which also signifies that this was the means of attaining of absolute power. However, the case of the 1686 vendetta in Koper is a good example of how lasting and entangled was this process. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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The administration of civil justice in Venice in the modern age is a field of research so far only superficially explored. The article aims to investigate this topic from a double point of view: on one side it defines the jurisdictional duties assigned to the main Venetian magistrates, highlighting the connections and the interactions existing between the different levels of jurisdiction; on the other side it proposes a case study in order to test the actual effectiveness of the trial in everyday reality. In this perspective the hereditary dispute between a noble widow and the nephew of her late husband contributes to outline the features of a judicial system that in the second half of the Eighteenth century was still fit to intercept the demands for justice coming from society. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Economic & Ecohistory / Ekonomska i Ekohistorija is the property of Society for Croatian Economic & Environmental History and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

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Copyright of Mediterranea - Ricerche Storiche is the property of Mediterranea-Ricerche Storiche and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

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This article defines and analyzes the literary and poetic excursus that passes since the decadentism to the modernity of the italian poetry, emphasizing the artistic figure of Guido Gozzano. Between the final of the eight hundred and the principle of the nine hundred the names of Giovanni Pascoli and Gabriele D´Annuzio become the Italian poetry exalted. The crepuscolari make the change; Italy opens to the modernity across the poetry, the language, and the thematic of Guido Gozzano.

The article, based on interdisciplinary historiographical and anthropological studies and archival documents, collected folk literature and other documents, will reconstruct the ritual of blood feud with emphasis on the act of humiliation and penance as reflected in documents from Southeast Europe, comparing them with many fragments of medieval European cases, reflecting general ritual structure in the field of public affairs: Homage (gift, first approach), Fides (fidelity, oath, truce) and Investiture (appointment), and, in case of dispute settlement, Pace Perpetua - lasting peace (love, marriage), with particular focus on principles of the so called gift-exchange societies. The hypothesis of this article, based on collected material and on outlined cases, is arguing in favour of the principle of the general ritual structure for all public affairs, in which precisely the gesture of penance and humiliation plays an important symbolic role, especially in the ritual of vindicta, that is in the customary system of conflict resolution. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The paper discusses the tradition of vendetta and the peace-making process that were a part of a customary legal tradition of rural kinship communities in Montenegro and Albania. The custom was preserved throughout the centuries as both Venetian and Ottoman administration acknowledged the existing legal customs. However, in some cases the customary peace-making custom proved itself to be more efficient than the diplomatic intervention in the dispute resolution. The Venetian authorities on several occasions ordered the rural kinship communities in the coastal area to make customary peace with their neighbours in hope of preventing vendetta and feuds from developing immense proportions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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Copyright of Collected Papers of the Law Faculty of the University of Rijeka / Zbornik Pravnog Fakulteta Sveučilišta u Rijeci is the property of Pravni fakultet Sveucilista u Rijeci and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This article provides an overview of data that affect the obligations of the Labin commune of supplying Venetian galleys, which protrude from the existing literature and archives preserved in the State Archives in Pazin. According to these documents, whe can gain insight into the troubled developments, in which maelstrom were found people of Labin as subordinates of the Most Serene Queen of the Sea. Distinctive past of Labin takes an important place in 1341, when city adopted the Statute, as a symbol of administrative autonomy of the commune. By acknowledging the power of the Venetian Republic, city has managed to preserve the Statute and its regulations, as well as acquired privileges, but relatively often featured to their contempt, therefore Book of Privileges of Labin commune (1325th to 1719th) is invaluable because it makes important documents about struggle for the protection of old rights, as well as books records of the Minutes of the Council (1566th to 1578th). Considering Venice has continually emphasized the need to strengthen the Navy, the authorities have used violent methods to collect the required number of rowers, but due to extremely difficult conditions and numerous hazards caused by service, in most cases it ended with death. Performing duties on galleass was considered one of the biggest burden, therefore Labin commune constantly sent messengers to Venice, referring to the acquired privilege, which the local population was released from this obligation. The huge liabilities and many misfortunes caused plight of affected population of Labin and other Istrian communes under the aegis of the Serenissima. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The article analyzes - through researching of the modern-age historiographic texts from the Venetian Friuli and selected older sources - the attitude of the Venetian Friuli Italian intellectual elite towards the people who were not direct Roman descendants. The comprehension of «barbarian» people was affected both by Italian and provincial patriotism, each in its own way. Mental concepts, deriving from this patriotism, were apparently adversarial, but in fact complemental. Italian patriotism with its linguistic, cultural and geographical connotations was associated with the conviction of the cultural supremacy of the Italic civilization. The early medieval "barbarian" people were usually treated according to the ancient contrast Italy - the "barbarian" world, which lead to the negative stereotypes about the "barbarian" people (f. e. the steppe people, Osmans, Germans etc.), even though occasionally prevailed also the provincial patriotism and the pride on the merits of certain «barbarian» ancestors (especially the Lombards, on account of the foundation of the famous Duchy of Friuli). On the other hand, the values of the provincial patriotism, that excelled both linguistic and the supposed ethnic differences of the members of the provincial community, led towards equal acceptance of different linguistic groups of the Modern Age Friuli. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

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During the Modern Age, the University of Perugia's administration was overseen by three bodies: representatives of central government and the Church, civic magistrature and doctoral guilds; jurists, physicians, philosophers and theologians. The latter groups enjoyed wide-ranging powers, in part provided by statutes and in part from the relative degree of disinterest shown by the other groups involved in the running of the University. The paper considers the role of the doctoral guilds as an expression of the relations between the city's patriciate and State power. Even during the years in which the city was under Papal State rule, the city's élites maintained the greater control of the University and contributed to its cultural isolation. Such power relations were not undermined either by the urban reform of 1625, or by the series of reforms carried out in the eighteenth century. The vacuum created as a result of revolutionary and Napoleonic events caused, however, the definitive decline of the power of the doctoral guilds. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Il rapporto fra una comunità organizzata in forma amministrativa stabile e il suo territorio di insediamento e di sfruttamento delle risorse locali non sempre risulta essere indiscutibilmente biunivoco. Vengono presi in esame alcuni casi piemontesi che illustrano la persistenza di situazioni di ascendenza medievale le cui conseguenze incidono ancor oggi sugli assetti amministrativi: in particolare la lite confinaria fra Cerreto d’Asti e Piovà Massaia, generata dalla lunga durata di una situazione di «finaggio promiscuo» fra i due territori. All’origine entrambe le località appartenevano a un unico distretto ecclesiastico-politico (la pieve di Mairate) sul cui territorio insistevano indifferentemente le loro comunità; nonostante si affermasse in età moderna una più definita individuazione territoriale da parte di ciascuna, rimasero (e rimangono) fasce di ambigua attribuzione. La lite odierna costituisce dunque il relitto inconsapevole di un ordinamento territoriale risalente al medioevo che oggi si contrappone a un modello di tipo diverso, universalmente adottato: emergono così due possibilità alternative – originariamente non conflittuali fra loro – di instaurare il rapporto fra comunità e risorse territoriali, la compresenza e l’esclusività.

Recensione a Istituto internazionale di storia economica "Francesco Datini"