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Keywords: temporary employment; non-standard employment; space; emplois temporaires; emplois non conventionnels; territoires EN temporary employment non-standard employment space FR emplois temporaires emplois non conventionnels territoires 215 232 18 06/23/21 20210601 NES 210601 Introduction The widespread pursuit of labour flexibility has increased insecurity and inequalities among workers and contributed to the growth of temporary employment (Atkinson 1985; Standing 1999). NSEs exist in varying forms - e.g., temporary employment, part-time employment, multiple job holding, and seasonal employment (see Krahn 1995) - with varying degrees of risks. This includes temporary employment, part-time employment, self-employment, and employment in multiple jobs (Krahn 1995). Although urban areas with large immigrant populations had lower rates of temporary employment, temporary employment was not impacted by the proportion of recent immigrants, except for those of Asian origins, which modestly increased temporary employment rates. Multiple job holding and self-employment are excluded from Krahn's definition because the second job held by full-time workers might not necessarily be insecure, and because the level of employment security for self-employed workers is dependent on the type of occupation as opposed to the work arrangement itself (Vosko et al. 2003). [Extracted from the article]

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