Search

Copyright of ifo Schnelldienst is the property of ifo Institute for Economic Research and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of ifo Schnelldienst is the property of ifo Institute for Economic Research and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Introduction Psychopharmacology and psychotherapy in children with ADHD is still well established and has been studied for many years. There has been a growing interest in treatment of ADHD in adults for some years. Whereas meanwhile the psychopharmacological treatment is well studied, the psychotherapeutic interventions are still to optimize. Objective Since the acceptance of the diagnosis of “ADHD” in adults, there has been a growing interest in using medication as the first-line therapy. There is an established evidence base for psychopharmacological treatment in ADHD. The current therapeutic recommendations for the general population apply to people with ADHD and IDD. The study is a review of psychotherapeutic interventions in the treatment of ADHD in adults with and without IDD supported by a case study. Methods A literature search was conducted in “Pubmed” and “PsycInfo” using the keywords “Psychotherapy”, “ADHD”, “Adults” and further “Psychotherapy”, “ADHD”, “Adults”, “intellectual”, “disabilities”. Exclusion criterion was ADHD as a sub-syndrome in the presence of other syndromes. Results Only 2–3 publications on psychotherapy in adults with ADHD were found. Very little was found on people with IDD, and these were especially combined with the Fragile X Syndrome. Conclusion Psychotherapy in adults with ADHD is not yet well elaborated in the scientific literature. There are some common used intervention strategies like psycho-education, cognitive behavioural therapy, and attention focusing interventions such as mindfulness-strategies. Using the principles of Easy-to-Read language and modifying the general therapeutic settings as recommended by NICE, an adaptation of these interventions in the treatment of adults with ADHD and IDD has potential. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction In contrast to psychopharmacological treatment, the current evidence base in psychotherapy for people with IDD is limited. But psychotherapeutic approaches offer an alternative treatment modality in people with IDD. Objectives Orientated on the “Dialectic-Behaviour-Therapy” concept, we developed an adapted manual for people with IDD and impulsive behaviour. Aims This study presents the first results of an evaluation our adapted DBT manual. Methods Three closed groups with 11 patients in total were prospectively included in a six-week in-patient psychotherapeutic DBT-programme. There was no randomisation or control group. Typical borderline symptoms (BS) were recorded using the “Borderline Symptom List” (BSL) and a short screening version for personality disorders (PSS-K). Impulsivity and behaviour in general were observed with the scale for impulsiveness and emotional deregulation (IES) and the German Developmental Behavioural Checklist (VFE). Special tendencies to self-harm were assessed using the scale for self-harm behaviour (IEFAS). From these scales, the means were observed during the course of our hospital therapy program over 6 weeks. Results There were 19 patients in total in 3 different groups. Eight dropped out for a variety of reasons. The mean scores for the remaining 11 patients in the BSL and PSS-K reduced significantly. The scores for impulsivity and self-harm improved. Overall, there was no significant change in behaviour. Conclusion This study presents the results of a trial of a DBT manual for people with IDD and BS. In general the BS declined, the impulsivity improved. The study is limited by the small numbers in the patient sample and the absence of a control group. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction Problem behaviour is one of the most common reasons for admission to psychiatric hospitals in people with intellectual and developmental disabilities (IDD). A psychopharmacological approach is the most applied treatment strategy. But evidence for its effectiveness is small. Hence, there is a growing interest in alternative approaches, e.g. in educational and systematic treatment of problem behaviour. Objective This study looks at the relation between problem behaviour and socio-emotional development in combination with the level of cognitive functioning. Methods Our study sample was composed of n=20 in-patients of a psychiatric unit specialized in mental health for people with IDD who were admitted due to behavioural problems. In the first step we divided the patients with the described problem behaviour into a group with more specific advices for a typical psychiatric disorder (e.g. depressed mood and social withdrawal as typical for a depressive episode) and a second group with non-specific behaviour (e.g. aggression without reason). Within these both groups we compared patients in their relation between cognitive impairment and socio-emotional level in a retrospective study design. Results Patients with unspecific problem behaviour had a less developed socio-emotional level compared to cognitive functions. Discussion A disharmonic relation between cognitive and socio-emotional levels may result in unspecific problem behaviour. These findings may be relevant for specialized treatment options and underline the need to opt, if at all, more carefully for psychopharmacological treatment strategies in patients with problem behaviour not due to a psychiatric diagnosis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction In the last years there is more research in a differentiated view of the capacity of people with IDD. Besides the evaluation of cognitive functioning, studies also look at other developmental dimensions like socio-emotional skills. Because of their basically biological character, motor skills were not further studied in people with IDD. We wanted to study whether there is a correlation between these different dimensions in patients with IDD. Objective This presentation will look at possible connections and interferences between socio-emotional development, cognitive functions and motor skills. Methods We evaluated the level of motor development with the 'Movement Assessment Battery for Children” in n= 31 patients. Results were correlated with the level of cognitive impairment and socio-emotional status. Results In contrast to cognitive functioning we found no significant difference between the socio-emotional and the motor skills for all study patients, regardless of sex, in the subscales manual and ball skills. Only in the subscale balance we found a significant correlation with the socio-emotional level in female patients. Conclusion With regard to the dimensions cognitive impairment and socio-emotional level we found no significant correlation with motor skills. This is in accordance with the literature. Only in the dimension 'balance” in female patients we could see a significant difference which is a new result and interesting for further evaluation. So another study with a bigger and more balanced patient sample to confirm this result is planned. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]