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1. Revisiting the Mongolian Stratum of Kazakh Place Names

Author

Anna V. Dybo, Ali M. Baibossyn, Kuanyshbek K. Kenzhalin, Gulzhanat A. Begimova, Bekzhan Abdualiuly, and Vyacheslav N. Khoninov

Subjects
etymology, language contacts, lexical semantics, mongolian languages, toponyms, turkic languages, History of Civilization, CB3-482, Philology. Linguistics, P1-1091
Abstract

The study examines a representative sample of toponyms located in the territory of Kazakhstan, that can potentially be of Mongolian origin. These toponyms are classified into three categories: 1) settlement names (oikonyms), 2) water body names (hydronyms), and 3) geographical feature names (oronyms). In cases of duplicate toponyms (oikonym and oronym), precedence is given to the geographical feature name, following the most common direction of toponymic transfer. The analysis investigates the significance of Mongolian names in the Kazakh language, encompassing motivational, word-formational, and etymological aspects, and proposes new hypotheses of their origin while considering earlier theories. The authors identify the main challenges faced by etymologists and toponymists and review previous authors’ unsuccessful etymological solutions. Errors detected in the data include references to Russified place names borrowed into contemporary Kazakh, inattention to early toponym records, neglect of phonetic changes in Kazakh and Mongolian, as well as their relative chronology, and disregard of potential phonetic adaptation patterns that one could expect based on the phonological peculiarities of both the source and receiving languages. The study aims to categorise place names according to the time and source of borrowing, each name being evaluated based on whether it was initially borrowed as a toponym or an appellative word that later integrated a Kazakh toponym. The analysis concludes that Kazakh toponymy of Mongolian origin (i.e. place names that were borrowed as toponyms) is predominantly recent and associated with the borders of two historical Mongolian states — the Dzungar and Kalmyk khanates.

Published
2024
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3. Words Denoting the Sky in Mongolic Languages: Etymology and Semantics

Author

Anna V. Dybo, Viktoria V. Kukanova, Saglara V. Mirzaeva, Evgeny V. Bembeev, Vladimir N. Mushaev, and Vyacheslav N. Khoninov

Subjects
mongolic languages, lexicology, etymology, semantics, view of the world, reconstruction, sky, History (General), D1-2009, Oriental languages and literatures, PJ
Abstract

Introduction. The articles examines etymologies and semantics of Mongolic words denoting the sky. The system of astronomical terms in Mongolic languages is structurally complicated due to multiple layers of pre-Buddhist, Buddhist and other beliefs adopted by proto-Mongols. Goals. The work aims to identify etymological and semantic dominants characterizing this thematic group within the common Mongolic vocabulary. The concept of sky clusters with most basic ones, and lexemes to denote it are to be found in each and every language. Materials and methods. The study examines dictionaries of Mongolic languages, involves reliable proto-Mongolian lexical reconstructions by H. Nugteren and O. Mudrak. Furthermore, the paper analyzes various etymological works and Altaic dictionaries, as well as databases on semantic transitions and colexifications. Results. The Mongolic vocabularies contain four lexemes denoting the sky and two for air/airspace — all of them being largely associated with different beliefs and faiths across different areas and in different eras. So, the word *teŋgeri attests to some elements of the cult of heaven had been practiced by earliest Mongols and the latter had maintained contacts with Turkic groups. The second lexeme *hogtorgui is a Buddhist scholarly term semantically derived from the one denoting emptiness, i.e. a suggested semantic calque from the Sanskrit word that was borrowed to northern Mongolic languages from translated texts of the Buddhist Canon. The third name *köke is a hapax from the Muqaddimat al-Adab that may have arrived in western Middle Mongolian from Chagatai Turkic. The fourth word *asman is a later borrowing from Persian to vocabularies of Muslim Mongols, sometimes via Turkic languages. The fifth lexical unit *agaɣar may have been included from Buddhist Sanskrit, and the sixth word *kei — from Middle Chinese. The unexpected conclusion is that the original proto-Mongolian word to have denoted the sky simply cannot be reconstructed. Evidently, the ancient word had been displaced by the loanwords throughout most intensive cultural contacts.

Published
2022
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4. Khakas Dialects, Late 19th and Early 21st Centuries

Author

Anna V. Dybo and Vera S. Maltseva

Subjects
turkic languages, dialectology, the khakass language, areal linguistics, dialectal continuum, historical phonetics and morphology, History (General), D1-2009, Oriental languages and literatures, PJ
Abstract

The main aim of this article is to demonstrate some new results obtained when working on the Dialectological Atlas of the Turkic languages of Russia and the Electronic Corpus of Khakas. Material and methods. While preparing the Atlas, in addition to the already available published and archival sources, the team of authors is collecting field material using specially compiled questionnaires focused on some facts from the history of the Turkic languages. . Results and conclusions. The study shows that the collection of materials based on historically oriented dialectological questionnaires helps obtain data that sheds additional light on the genealogical classification of the dialects, the ways in which they diverge and converge, as well as on archaic and innovative phenomena in the areas under study. Also, considering of all materials, both field and archival, allows conducting micro diachronic studies on the spread of linguistic phenomena in the dialects at different periods of time and building well-founded hypotheses on the causes of changes. In the current paper one phonetic and one mophological feature of the Khakas dialects are compared, being described in the end of the XIX century (based on the archival data) and nowadays (according to our field recordings). We show the shift of their isoglosses and discuss why the language has changed.

Published
2021
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5. Once Again about Allomorphism of the Plural -lar in Turkic Languages

Author

Anna V. Dybo, Lidia F. Abubakirova, Mark M. Zimin, Evgeniya V. Korovina, Zarema K. Kochakaeva, and Aleksandr V. Sharov

Subjects
turkic languages, dialectology, kipchak languages, oghuz languages, morphophonology, written monuments, areal linguistics, dialectal continuum, historical phonetics, morphonological reconstruction, History (General), D1-2009, Oriental languages and literatures, PJ
Abstract

. Introduction. The article continues the discussion of isogloss types and their relevance for the Proto-Turkic reconstruction and reconstruction of the intermediate nodes of the Turkic family tree. Goals. The paper makes another attempt to reconstruct the morphophonological appearance of some affixes for intermediate languages-ancestors of the standard Turkic group (Oguz, ‘Kyrgyz’, Altai, Karluk, Toba, Kypchak). The study draws into consideration not only the plural affix *-lar, but in general inflectional and derivational affixes starting with *-l. Materials and Methods. Methods of stepwise reconstruction are used simultaneously with morphophonological methods of identifying classes of positions and distribution of classes of allomorphs. Field records of dialects, dialectological publications, both modern ones and those of the 19th century, as well as written monuments were used as research material. Results. Both modern field data and classical sources, with the correct application of the methods of stepwise reconstruction, point that affixal *-l has no alternants in proto-Oghuz, protoKarluk and proto-Qypchaq. All instances of alternation in modern idioms like dialectal Bashkir, dialectal Kazakh, ‘Qyrghyz’ languages, Yakut-Dolghan and Toba languages are to be classified as recent areal innovation. This is deduced due to the nature of morphophonological rules in these languages — neither is applyable for the proto-Common-Turkic stem auslaut, but instead is limited to forms that are specific to each separate group in question.

Published
2020
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6. Language Interaction in Shor-Russian Bilinguals’ Speech in Southern Siberia

Author

Zoya Ivanovna Rezanova and Anna Vladimirovna Dybo

Subjects
русский язык, шорско-русский билингвизм, отклонение от речевого стандарта, внутриязыковая интерференция, межъязыковая интерференция, сибирские говоры, тюркские языки Южной Сибири., History (General) and history of Europe, Language and Literature
Abstract

The authors aim at presenting the results of their analysis of deviations from the speech norm (DSN) at the phonetic, morphological-syntactic and lexical levels in the speech of bilinguals in one special case of ethno-linguistic contacting, i.e. Shor-Russian bilingualism. The conclusions are based on the data of field recordings of bilingual speech and result from a newly developed annotation system (error annotation) in the Russian Speech Corpus of Russian-Turkic bilinguals in Southern Siberia. The authors find and characterise intralingual (interaction of the national language forms, written and oral communication modes) and cross-language (influence of the native Turkic languages) sources of influences on the Russian speech of bilinguals. The article substantiates the use of the norms of Russian literary writing as a speech standard, methods of analysis and literature (including theoretical works), the analysis of which makes it possible to conclude about the nature of the influences generating DSN. The regularity of the Shor-Russian interfering phenomena is noted in the speech of speakers of all the three age categories under consideration, while dialectal influences are recorded in the communication of respondents over 65 years of age. The study comprises a sociolinguistic analysis of the linguistic situation, a sociolinguistic and linguistic (focusing on the presentation of bilingual language experience) portrayal of bilinguals whose texts are analysed using standard and adapted questionnaires, consistently applied. The conclusion about a DSN type is made using the data on the norms of the Russian literary language, on variants of their implementation in written and oral spontaneous communication, on the peculiarity of the norms of territorial and social variants of the Russian language in the places of residence of the respondents and using the data on regular structures of the Shor language.

Published
2019
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8. Permutation test applied to lexical reconstructions partially supports the Altaic linguistic macrofamily

Author

Alexei S. Kassian, George Starostin, Ilya M. Egorov, Ekaterina S. Logunova, and Anna V. Dybo

Subjects
Altaic languages, Transeurasian languages, language classification, permutation test, Altaic hypothesis, Human evolution, GN281-289, Evolution, QH359-425
Abstract

In this paper, we present the results of our analysis of the 110-item basic wordlists for four reconstructed and one ancient languages, the linguistic ancestors of five language families which are hypothesized to constitute the Altaic (a.k.a. Transeurasian) macrofamily: Proto-Turkic, Proto-Mongolic, Proto-Tungusic, Middle Korean and Proto-Japonic wordlists. Protolanguage wordlists were reconstructed according to strict criteria of semantic reconstruction, based on accurate semantic glossing of forms in daughter languages. Each involved form was encoded into a bi-consonantal CC-shaped sequence using the consonant class method, after which a recently developed weighted permutation test was applied. In a typical situation, our algorithm makes a small number of type 1 errors (false positive), but the number of type 2 errors (false negative) can be substantial. Our main finding is that pairs between the Nuclear Altaic taxa – Turkic, Mongolic and Tungusic – as well as the Turkic-Japonic and Tungusic-Japonic pairs demonstrate significant p-values. In some cases, this can be attributed to either ancient contacts or genealogical relationships, but at least for the Turkic–Japonic pair, a contact scenario is unlikely owing to geographical remoteness.

Published
2021
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9. Phylogeny of the Turkic Languages Inferred from Basic Vocabulary: Limitations of the Lexicostatistical Methods in an Intensive Contact Situation

Author

Ilya M Egorov, Anna V Dybo, and Alexei S Kassian

Subjects
Linguistics and Language, Developmental Neuroscience, Developmental and Educational Psychology
Abstract

This article provides an attempt to revise the phylogenetic structure of the Turkic family using a computational lexicostatistical approach. The methodological framework of the present research is characterized by the following features: (1) wordlists with strictly controlled semantics; (2) step-by-step reconstruction using Swadesh wordlists for proto-languages; (3) three stages of post-processing of the input data (analysis of root cognacy, elimination of derivational drift, and optimization of homoplasy); (4) application of several computational algorithms (Starling neighbor-joining, Bayesian MCMC, and maximum parsimony). The analysis provided confirms the status of Chuvash as the first outlier and suggests a subsequent multifurcation of Proto-Nuclear-Turkic into eight branches. The Siberian Turkic group is a purely areal unity, that is, Yakut-Dolgan, Tofa-Tuvinian, Khakas-Mrassu, Sarygh Yugur and Altai do not form a clade. Altai is grouped together with the Kipchak languages as a separate taxon; it does not show a particularly close relationship with Kirghiz, which belongs to another Kipchak subgroup. Karluk is a low-level taxon inside the Kipchak clade.

Published
2022
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10. Genetic Heritage of the Balto-Slavic Speaking Populations: A Synthesis of Autosomal, Mitochondrial and Y-Chromosomal Data.

Author

Alena Kushniarevich, Olga Utevska, Marina Chuhryaeva, Anastasia Agdzhoyan, Khadizhat Dibirova, Ingrida Uktveryte, Märt Möls, Lejla Mulahasanovic, Andrey Pshenichnov, Svetlana Frolova, Andrey Shanko, Ene Metspalu, Maere Reidla, Kristiina Tambets, Erika Tamm, Sergey Koshel, Valery Zaporozhchenko, Lubov Atramentova, Vaidutis Kučinskas, Oleg Davydenko, Olga Goncharova, Irina Evseeva, Michail Churnosov, Elvira Pocheshchova, Bayazit Yunusbayev, Elza Khusnutdinova, Damir Marjanović, Pavao Rudan, Siiri Rootsi, Nick Yankovsky, Phillip Endicott, Alexei Kassian, Anna Dybo, Genographic Consortium, Chris Tyler-Smith, Elena Balanovska, Mait Metspalu, Toomas Kivisild, Richard Villems, and Oleg Balanovsky

Subjects
Medicine, Science
Abstract

The Slavic branch of the Balto-Slavic sub-family of Indo-European languages underwent rapid divergence as a result of the spatial expansion of its speakers from Central-East Europe, in early medieval times. This expansion-mainly to East Europe and the northern Balkans-resulted in the incorporation of genetic components from numerous autochthonous populations into the Slavic gene pools. Here, we characterize genetic variation in all extant ethnic groups speaking Balto-Slavic languages by analyzing mitochondrial DNA (n = 6,876), Y-chromosomes (n = 6,079) and genome-wide SNP profiles (n = 296), within the context of other European populations. We also reassess the phylogeny of Slavic languages within the Balto-Slavic branch of Indo-European. We find that genetic distances among Balto-Slavic populations, based on autosomal and Y-chromosomal loci, show a high correlation (0.9) both with each other and with geography, but a slightly lower correlation (0.7) with mitochondrial DNA and linguistic affiliation. The data suggest that genetic diversity of the present-day Slavs was predominantly shaped in situ, and we detect two different substrata: 'central-east European' for West and East Slavs, and 'south-east European' for South Slavs. A pattern of distribution of segments identical by descent between groups of East-West and South Slavs suggests shared ancestry or a modest gene flow between those two groups, which might derive from the historic spread of Slavic people.

Published
2015
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11. Deep phylogenetic analysis of haplogroup G1 provides estimates of SNP and STR mutation rates on the human Y-chromosome and reveals migrations of Iranic speakers.

Author

Oleg Balanovsky, Maxat Zhabagin, Anastasiya Agdzhoyan, Marina Chukhryaeva, Valery Zaporozhchenko, Olga Utevska, Gareth Highnam, Zhaxylyk Sabitov, Elliott Greenspan, Khadizhat Dibirova, Roza Skhalyakho, Marina Kuznetsova, Sergey Koshel, Yuldash Yusupov, Pagbajabyn Nymadawa, Zhaxybay Zhumadilov, Elvira Pocheshkhova, Marc Haber, Pierre A Zalloua, Levon Yepiskoposyan, Anna Dybo, Chris Tyler-Smith, and Elena Balanovska

Subjects
Medicine, Science
Abstract

Y-chromosomal haplogroup G1 is a minor component of the overall gene pool of South-West and Central Asia but reaches up to 80% frequency in some populations scattered within this area. We have genotyped the G1-defining marker M285 in 27 Eurasian populations (n= 5,346), analyzed 367 M285-positive samples using 17 Y-STRs, and sequenced ~11 Mb of the Y-chromosome in 20 of these samples to an average coverage of 67X. This allowed detailed phylogenetic reconstruction. We identified five branches, all with high geographical specificity: G1-L1323 in Kazakhs, the closely related G1-GG1 in Mongols, G1-GG265 in Armenians and its distant brother clade G1-GG162 in Bashkirs, and G1-GG362 in West Indians. The haplotype diversity, which decreased from West Iran to Central Asia, allows us to hypothesize that this rare haplogroup could have been carried by the expansion of Iranic speakers northwards to the Eurasian steppe and via founder effects became a predominant genetic component of some populations, including the Argyn tribe of the Kazakhs. The remarkable agreement between genetic and genealogical trees of Argyns allowed us to calibrate the molecular clock using a historical date (1405 AD) of the most recent common genealogical ancestor. The mutation rate for Y-chromosomal sequence data obtained was 0.78×10-9 per bp per year, falling within the range of published rates. The mutation rate for Y-chromosomal STRs was 0.0022 per locus per generation, very close to the so-called genealogical rate. The "clan-based" approach to estimating the mutation rate provides a third, middle way between direct farther-to-son comparisons and using archeologically known migrations, whose dates are subject to revision and of uncertain relationship to genetic events.

Published
2015
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12. Parallel Evolution of Genes and Languages in the Caucasus Region

Author

Balanovsky, Oleg, Dibirova, Khadizhat, Dybo, Anna, Mudrak, Oleg, Frolova, Svetlana, Pocheshkhova, Elvira, Haber, Marc, Platt, Daniel, Schurr, Theodore, Haak, Wolfgang, Kuznetsova, Marina, Radzhabov, Magomed, Balaganskaya, Olga, Romanov, Alexey, Zakharova, Tatiana, Soria Hernanz, David F., Zalloua, Pierre, Koshel, Sergey, Ruhlen, Merritt, Renfrew, Colin, Wells, R. Spencer, Tyler-Smith, Chris, and Balanovska, Elena

Published
2011
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13. Acknowledgement to Reviewers of Social Sciences in 2019

Author

Edward A. Fonchingong, Maria Passantino, Victoria Navarre‐jackson, Gabriela Wastl‐walter, Ahlam Lee, Tammy Tajeddini, Naqi Scandurra, Max O. Stoecker, Audrey Macedo, Rachel Roth, Victor W. Pérez‐armendáriz, Ştefan Cristian Gibbs, Frank Ștefănescu‐mihăilă, Leon Blanco Rivero, Bishawjit Malone, Antonia Carabelli, Sarah Pickel, Seyedesmaeil Mrugalska, Prafula Pease, Terézia Roper, Anna Anand, Martin Young, Susan Randle, Graham Harris, Edith Hudec, Anne Laure Hung, Cristina Martín Đorđević, Mario Fook, Hiroaki Keilman, Pia Ponticorvo, Marisa Ferreira, Jayne Osorio, Diane Doidge, Gary Rodrigues, Nadav Perez‐y‐perez, Stefano Paul, Carmen Rosa Gavini, Daniela De, Hariklia D. Škrinjarić, James C. Simonelli, Marion Bowman, John Otis, Snefrid Momsen, Ron Fitzpatrick, Ting Fai Yuan, Anna Lavoie, Antonio Barreto, António Adam, Paun Crohn, Sanghera, Marie Pierre Morgan, Anibal E. Tregua, Chun Sheng Gomes, Simon Cope, Chiara Chan, Tania Csiszár, Annamaria Passini, Carlos Freire Rodriguez‐modroño, Andromachi Tsikouras, David Hollin, Alina Schellekens, Tara Paixão, Dalia Ellis, Diane Maier, Idiano D’auria, Colter Elsabry, Alison Suppa, Christian Schneider, Liisa Ianole, Jona Schenk‐hoppé, Klaudia Snauwaert, Anna D’souza, Sonja Azadi, Peter Seibel, Adam McCaig, Paolo Postigo, Jinhong Yoe, Magdalena Sohaib, Betsy Taylor, Elżbieta Ladd, Silvia Purcell, Jennifer Prior, Darrell Roy, Carole Zuhdi, Brian Grande, Jean Charles Lantz, John Guijarro, David Mandić, Babak Ramlo, Cheryl M. Bradley, Leong Christensen, Stephanie McMahon, Gary Andreasson, Carina Darwin, Angela Shaw, Ben Hino, Andrea Skilodimou, Phillip Medina‐vicent, Esther Veintimilla, Ireneusz Milczarek‐andrzejewska, Dragana Rahimi, Sabina Němec, Jose Javier Blattner, Paul Lipinski, Dimitrios Napal, Hazel Connell, Adekunle Okorie, Sbiljana Dos Reis, Eleanor Testa, Vanda Parada Medina, Jude Ndzifon Klein, M. William, Fiona Gill, Anthony Quinn, William Safonte, Jonas Ciasullo, Erdal Avery, J. I.R.I. Klepp, Robert Magrane, Bettina Shepherd, Chris Prud’homme, Timothy Recio‐menéndez, Lakshman Wiseman, Don Wehr, Kwadwo Agudo Romeo, Ciprian Oke, Natalia Dabija, Nimrod Barbier‐greenland, Melissa Rosado Marzán, Petri Bodén, Monirul Jaakkola, Maciej Kuffer, Richard Smith, Jacquelyn D. Wilcke, Magdalena Raymond, Ronald Barragán‐escandón, John Sytsma, Hariz Hallgrímsdóttir, Osama Soldatic, Libuše Swigon, Rita Benli, Johanna Landrum, Domingo Ricci, Andy Chatzifotiou, David Baviera‐puig, Duane Rodger, Rachel Łopaciuk‐gonczaryk, John Connelly, Grischa Belford, Dmitry Rubira‐garcía, Heather Scott, Abu Bockerman, Carlos Tempelaar, Ana Almeida, Edward Delrosso, Alexis Doberneck, Chirjiv Anderson, Julie Aitken Schewe, Anamarija Grondys, Jasmina Lumley‐sapanski, José A. Ruiz, María J. Ide, Andrea Loughnan, Linnea Bönisch‐brednich, Michael Badulescu, Kay Tiziana, Aleksandar Erokhin, Jelena Walley, Theodora Mannell, Lauren Dvouletý, Seth C. McKendry, Emese Beáta, Tatiana Haas, Margaret Adiletta, Deedra McKee, Penny Milivojevic, Katherine Tyler, Gerardo Meringolo, Marta Campbell, Maria Pia Cava, Helga Hamada, Anatoliy Gonzalez Canche, Clem Herrero‐diz, Jon Hannouf, Kathleen Chen, Dalia Daniel, Sevaste Chell, Greg Stephenson, Giulio Gabriela, Edi Del Cerro Velázquez, Charlotte Blok, Alessandro Štefko, Dirk Ter Avest, Adalbert Falcone, Jennie Kleine, Dominika Miles, Quan Zadra, Jui Hsiang Lentner, Sunah Kimengsi, Gary Rose, Rebecca Goh, Csaba D’adamo, Camilla Camarero‐figuerola, Pilar Puertas Møllersen, Vassilis Karbowski, Claire Love, Beiyi Huang, Ana Margarida Barrett, Larry Nalmpantis, Giuseppina Adusei‐asante, Erika Palos‐sánchez, Diego Galiano, Lasse Bertella, Philippa Venco, Charlie Zippel, Cecilia Ribeiro‐soriano, Nicholas Połom, Theodor Fromm, Vladislav Živanović, Davide Severo, Lorraine Pickard, Tihana Slater, Li Chen, Renata Sillup, Corrado Lochtman, Rand Raciti, Joseph Prus, Łukasz Matuzeviciute, Jozef Cerchione, Louise Hossain, K. H. Ter Horst, An Nevgi, Jenny Necula, Wojciech Buckley, Nico W. Kelly, Shannon Guenther, Vicky Kavish, Christos Rowbottom, Francisco Del Vecchio, Jenevieve Männikkö Barbutiu, Hans Christian Garmann Jona, Dougherty Kewley, Fabiola Salin, Dorin Majic, Amin Mousavi, Marcelo Jorge De Pajares, Ilkka Nkogo, Stephanie Kim, Piotr Puiu, Ugo Ekblom, Colleen Linková, Gerard Cooper, Ien Aragon, Patrick Brewer, Anne Line Dʹamato, Sue Baker, Jen Scott, Wayne Bullaro, Michael Rosen, Alexander Caruso, Vsevolod Kopkin, Claudia E. Heo, Gerasimos T. Sorainen, Sarmistha Makarovič, Stoney Brown, Romina Fukuda, Eveline Charles, Robert Diogo, Araceli Gamo, Mostafa Nash, Eve R. Berntzen, Pasquale Marcello Faraldo Cabana, Oto Humbert, Gillian Abreu, Benjamin Bracci, Wei Shin Levac, Juan M. Magda, Daniel Gill, Alexandra Zelin, Tom Quinlan, Kate David, Neil Fox, Elhassan Erceg, Anna Tseloni, Hynek Roumpos, Daniela Conversi, Roger Lee, José Ramón Sayed, Patrizia Miciuła, John R. Cannito, Andrew Delgado, Manuel Gozdziak, Sheri Gherghina, Kenneth Pentaris, Sirkku Marczak, Cameron T. Whitman, Minna Lammi‐taskula, Isaías González Valero, Peter J. Doñate, Jose Lukic, Xuan Wharton, Beatriz Castro, Tor Eastman, Georgios Bates, Cristiano Schartner, Klaus Reiner Scherer, Rebecca Cruz Salazar, Maddalena Canonico, Maria Medyna, Helen Ayeb‐karlsson, Rebeca Cristina López Gonzalez‐benson, Luis Miguel Rončáková, Rafael Gray, Joseph Murakami, Jesus González‐lópez, Valeria Bostan, Gregory Whitehouse, Jason Eckhardt, Ann Halilovich, Piotr Phillips, Nirmalya Thiamwong, Fernando Sanz‐altamira, Lexie Schermer, Cinzia Zaharijević, Leo Van Huylenbroeck, Charlene Weenik, Diete Von Keyserlingk, Dale T. Soanes‐white, Angela Wołek, Richard Kramers, Mira Kang, Christopher Teignier, Luca Islam, Maarit Jagger, Christina Hook, Roxanne Conti, Jesús Sánchez Marvão Pereira, Paula Villacampa Estiarte, Marc Teixeira, Muhammad Zumeta, Stefan Seiz Puyuelo, Anna Giuffrida, Charles Che Fontana, Kathleen M. Quinn, Kayhan Tang, Alessandra Miron, Marko Velija, Michael Corsini, Karen Soldatos, Luis I. Amelina, Cecilia Matuszak, Grady Roberts, Paula Heyman, Nancy Quarmby, Sergiu Gherghina, Shelly Von Fintel, Roberto Certomà, Sue Sheridan, Jesper Ang, Maria Rita Thakur, Daniel Neven, Lawrence Wiersma‐mosley, Mei Chuan Hunt, Donizete Rodríguez Martín, Odessa Gonzalez‐feliu, Jameson Bridge, Domenico Sutton, Arijit Deckha, Daniele Conway, Anna Vlasblom, Anne M. Foster‐mcgregor, Maneesha Defrancesco, Neil Healey Akearok, Kathrin Zitricky, Sorin Busu, Alfredo Marzal‐felici, Keith Wandosell, Dana Peterson, Christopher Bañón, Isabel Macfarlane, Marcelo Calin, Lisa Berbel‐pineda, Yvette Boas, Mark Ferreira, Salvador García Ayllón Veković, Paulo Delgado‐romero, Maria Perry, Yoshiharu Fusco, Jappe Economou, Heleen Meil, Oláh Kalalahti, Ana Reynaud, Ian Rorie, Jennifer Cabral, Jonathan Koerner, Julia Evers, Beata López‐lópez, Scott Pierrakis, Josée Le Feuvre, Ronet Bader, David L. Morgan, Na Fucà, Janet Henshall Moniz, António Brandão Morea, Kristina Mauerer, Yinxuan Huarita, Elzbieta Gran, Jenny Dalby, Sol García‐machado, Julio C. Price‐wolf, Beth A. Thompson, Geoffrey Buente, Ladda Thijsen, Rezart Hu, Amber García, Roberto Ingwersen, Tina Fisher, Genine Hoornweg, Elisete Dirakis, Jennifer Popoli, Ellie Lee, Nolan Koral Kordova, Kabindra Man Shapiro, Terry V. Shea, Carolina Višnjić, Brigitte Bontje, Ernst Stafford, Konstantinos Kevin, Shifang Taylor, Janni Arcidiacono, Karen Heikkilä, Thomas Laurentsyeva, Jennifer Matijosaitiene, Tomomi Hanf, Ivana Činčera, Gadaf Reyes‐menendez, Stefano Ridaura, Holger Wilkes, Margarida Luis Ubago, Silvia Sari, Barbara Fearnley, Joya Mitchell, Marzena Synnott, Sanja Miller, Sarah Privitera, Javier Mason, Richard Harrison, Helen M. Croog, Eyal Lewinson, Alexandru‐ionut, Elissa Steirer, Katherine Sabol, Etienne Pleace, Panagiotis Tsogas, Kerstin Zbuchea, Zein Muro, Anders Blount, Jessie L. Kubon, Emma Bartkowski, Marta Evelia Aparicio García‐germán, Nadia Giuliani, Octavian Molero, Tammy Sobocińska, Kaija Collins, María Del Mar Alderson, Atiyeh Van Hove, Jill Svobodová, Athanasios Kuttner, Nish Bencivenga, Okechukwu Oncioiu, Dimitra Quam‐wickham, Joselyne Chenane Nobre, Giovanna Birney, Juan Vaezipour, Nick Gil‐lopez, Rodica Ibáñez‐gonzález, Katarzyna Lillard, Qihui Chen, Gemma Dombrowski, Yang Wasileski, Donato Moreau, Sabrina Assante, John Fisher, Karin Martín Aragón, Ken Rockerbie, Anwar Oxford, Marta Shakya, Petr Dundes, Eva Maria Schneickert, Amy White, Wookjae Herman, Tiffany Judit, Henrie Kepaptsoglou, Antonis Adamek, Annouchka Beazley, Lisa E.F. Knight, Ali Emre Benton‐short, Kevin Wei, Andrea Husu, José Luis Russell, M. A.N.C.I.N.I. Toft, Wiebke, Rima Williams, Mack D. Burlacu, Juan J. García‐ruiz, Katja Lockwood, Balihar Santos Silva, Tanja Johansen, Tobias Ijaz, Aneta Pierce, Gary Smardon, Rebecca Schiller, Katy Barnett, Silvia Misra, Gang Li, Dong Holleran, Rachel Mattisson, Ghulam Nackerud, Matej Malekigorji, Silja Klinkenberg, Javier Garcia, Jackie Smoląg, Lucy Williamson, Randy Stoffelen, Carlos Oswald, Brendan Laudal, Andrea Schwenke Wynn, Laura Connelly, Jarosław Neale, Haozhi Panek, Daisuke Muresan, Gaia Goddard, Lena Devaney, Paul Kużelewska, Caterina Arcuri, Terence Lucas, Linda Knowles, Jiri Pankowska, Jessica Ruban, Arye L. Hillman, Gerlinde Mayer, Helana Dashper, Julia Sánchez Sánchez, Markus Gerson, Rainer Ruiperez‐valiente, Marta Serdeira Azevedo, Giulia Carlbom, Jeffrey Henninger, Doris Weaving, Brittany Lange, Leah Lewin, Madhavi Gazzano, Vasilii Ertz, Linda L. Hagell, Nadzeya Lavizzari, Malgorzata Papadakis, Terry Moldovan, Lorraine Siemienska, Sandra Leaton Grbes, María Del Mar Martín, Olegas Niiniluoto, Luis Bar‐am, Miliann Kantamaneni, Brendan Shearer, Raul Naybor, Ionica Ormsbee, Christopher Behr, Heather Sheldon, Róbert Steglich, Victoria Tabe, Teresa Caron, Brandy Collin, R. Elise B. Johnsen, Dragan Pan, Lei Zufferey, Hartmut Beier, Randall Conley, Ramona Olivia Stefanini, José Antonio Rodríguez, Dario Atukeren, Alexander Torell, Hossein Bachman, Frank Li, Gabrielle Joelsson, Marco Borsellino, Ionel Bowl, Maria Clutterbuck, Stamatis Papafilippou, Aje Carlone, Galyna Mees, Ingrid Fu, Elisabetta Maria Verticelli, Ramon Ruiz‐real, Adrian Cantemir Callegari, Adriana Zajda, Michael Holmes, Esther Canosa, Paula Serrano Lopez, Luise Vranješević, Carmel Díaz, Gabriel Mukungu, Reinmar Seifert, Alex Loh, Mareike Klemes, J. Agustin Franklin, Patricia Fawcett, Roswith Roubík, Ian F. Shaw, Dumitru Mironeasa, Pedro Guilherme Rocha Doucek, Silvia Nunn, Martha McReynolds, Suchandra Pavliuk, Ondřej Dybo, John Godderis, Pasquale Delatolla, Alfonso J. Ginès Fabrellas, Kyoung Yim Kim, Art Alfaro, Gregory Toscano‐hernández, Eryk Kostelka, Kostas Konstantinov, Jan Foreman, Maria Vincenza Cimermanová, Antonio Eleazar Sesagiri Raamkumar, Mariusz Uribe‐toril, Fred Mather, Amparo Bayley, Abbas Azhar Abel, Danilo Maniou, Tesseltje De Languilaire, Lauren Dantas, Lena Hoang, Irina Matthews, Melissa Hipp, Paula Romero‐rodríguez, Jan Cipollina, Colin McClearn, Andreas Pieke, Esteban Veen, Stuart Franco, Jerome Reim, Tom Baker‐beall, Tobias Reichman, Marwa Hao, Dora Satybaldieva, Patrick Oakes, Frank Piekut, Muhammad Hoxhaj, Kate Lockwood Harris, Guido Van Nuland, Greg Newton, Donatella Prosser, Muhammad Roberts, Nicky Leakey, Kate Mukuni, Aleksandar Visvizi, Heather Campbell, Venurs Lomonaco‐benzing, Michela Pookulangara, Beata Muinos, Marcin Polsa, Barry Featherstone, David Charlwood, Ying Liczmańska‐kopcewicz, Enrico Bracken, Floyd Ortega‐sánchez, Angela Wyile, Ben Hine, Yannis Piguet, Feng Harman, Ilene Holm, Fernando Álvarez‐gonzález, Elham Baines, Nina Glick Schmidt, Milla Salom‐carrasco, Daniel Lorenzini, Borja Sarapura, Neil Hillman, Jegoo Lee, John Kenneth, Magdalena Mousavi, Layana Navarro, Simona Stadlober, Mark Dolores Molero, Silvia Mostowska, Gonzalo Wang, Marcela Links, Paulo Fetner, Diego Tisdall, Hayley Ratajczak, Adnan Underwood, Dan Cristian Dagg, Johanna Naser, Sebastian Kotter, Daniel R. Kawamura, Melanie D. Ouassini, Samantha Majumdar, Miriam Elizabeth De Filippo, Kimihiro Hinten, Anne Newbold, Paul El Khaled, David A.M. Petrisor, Chang Sup Partalidou, John Lo Storto, Robin Bartzas, Deborah Nazarczuk, Gregorio Rita, Marcin Wright, Catherine Vázquez‐cano, Arie Strang, Tan Meng Young, Muhammad Fazal Impicciatore, Gabriel González, Petrykowski, Bryan Dalsgård, Ana María Rexhepi, Francisco Gurko, Athina Edler, Manuel González Pérez, Adam Katsoni, Katarzyna Grugan, Amanda Thomas, Elizabeth Quinn Wroblewski, Myriam Everitt, George P. Simeon, Gavin Minello, Harriet Brereton, Selma Machimbarrena, Sarah Page, Dimitri Iseppi, Alina Bahmanteymouri, Jong Chan Kim, Orlando Goncharuk, Colleen Xu, Duncan Ul Haque, Joseph Zander, Carol Thompson, Andy Niakšu, Shirley Vanner, James A. Rodin, Relaño Pastor, Jeana Desimone, María Jesús Čentéš, Stephanie Konsolakis, Aimee L. Friedrich, Laura Del Carmen, Haydn Moscatelli, Mihail Butler, Manuel Reese, Jan Dirk Volsche, Harriot Beer, Josiah Hibbert, Predrag Zou, Gyorgy Jones, Panagiotis Perez, Elmira Saura, Neil Petcu, Roman Pearce, Susan Jagosh, Rosemary Carpenter, Anna Krienert, Hillevi Leong, Daniel Hopper, Ingrid Bockarie, Justin Jenkin, Monika Kungolos, Raúl Park, Cavallotti Rizwan, Filip Kot, Christina Henig, Grace R. Burke, Pedro Pamucar, Maria Radicic, Lennart Kapsalis, Sandra Byrne, Alice Brzoska, Mair Urbański, Aldo Mustafa, Michael Brzozowski, Michael Younus, Rosemary Pyrialakou, Encarnación Moral Palmesr, Dennis Edu, Magdalena Markvica, Dora Sanz, Anthony E. Lammi, Juan Manuel Berei, Iulia Cristina Murib, Edna Aliverti, John Bartram, Sigal Kosinski, Justin Detlefsen, Terri Li, Wan Jiun Ching, Antu Sørensen, Constance Fogarty, George Twamley, Laura A. Regner, Dobrotă Galan, Bing Yang, Xiaohe Xue, Hilary Whitley, Angelo Gebhardt, César F. Rose, Manyu Li, Moritz Ioannides, Aravind Settembre Blundo, Lidia Cai, Delfín Osgood, Tal Flanagan, Bernstein, Megan Bittle, Alice Vicente, Kimberly Seidler, Maryam Mallick, Liwen Chen, Bertie Russo, María Närvi, Robert Obrad, Steven Shell‐duncan, Aaron Zhang, Steven Black, Elli Hellmich, Jasmine Löther, Gwen Healy, Ryan Cochrane, Paul Gilhooly, Simon Dale, Ryan D. Wimalasena, Filippo Cristian, Marco Triandafyllidou, Csaba Lenz‐taguchi, Dave Brooks, Clarisa Perez‐vaisvidovsky, Luz Marina Didham, Giulia Casais, Sanjukta Pope, Ninna Nyberg Spanu, Komali Kaplan, and Yuzhou Cajias

Subjects
lcsh:Social Sciences, lcsh:H, n/a, business.industry, Acknowledgement, General Social Sciences, Sociology, Public relations, business
Abstract

xx

Published
2020

15. Parallel Evolution of Genes and Languages in the Caucasus Region

Author

Marina V. Kuznetsova, Elena Balanovska, R. Spencer Wells, Oleg Mudrak, Oleg Balanovsky, Colin Renfrew, Daniel E. Platt, Wolfgang Haak, A. G. Romanov, Theodore G. Schurr, Anna Dybo, Pierre Zalloua, Elvira Pocheshkhova, Olga Balaganskaya, Marc Haber, Svetlana Frolova, S. M. Koshel, Merritt Ruhlen, David F. Soria Hernanz, Chris Tyler-Smith, T. Zakharova, Magomed Radzhabov, and Khadizhat Dibirova

Subjects
Male, Population, Biology, Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide, White People, Article, Haplogroup, Russia, Evolution, Molecular, Asian People, Genetic drift, Phylogenetics, Genetics, Humans, education, Molecular Biology, Phylogeny, Ecology, Evolution, Behavior and Systematics, Coevolution, Language, education.field_of_study, Chromosomes, Human, Y, Haplotype, Linguistics, Gene Pool, Sequence Analysis, DNA, Genetics, Population, Haplotypes, Evolutionary biology, Gene pool, Parallel evolution, Microsatellite Repeats
Abstract

We analyzed 40 single nucleotide polymorphism and 19 short tandem repeat Y-chromosomal markers in a large sample of 1,525 indigenous individuals from 14 populations in the Caucasus and 254 additional individuals representing potential source populations. We also employed a lexicostatistical approach to reconstruct the history of the languages of the North Caucasian family spoken by the Caucasus populations. We found a different major haplogroup to be prevalent in each of four sets of populations that occupy distinct geographic regions and belong to different linguistic branches. The haplogroup frequencies correlated with geography and, even more strongly, with language. Within haplogroups, a number of haplotype clusters were shown to be specific to individual populations and languages. The data suggested a direct origin of Caucasus male lineages from the Near East, followed by high levels of isolation, differentiation, and genetic drift in situ. Comparison of genetic and linguistic reconstructions covering the last few millennia showed striking correspondences between the topology and dates of the respective gene and language trees and with documented historical events. Overall, in the Caucasus region, unmatched levels of gene-language coevolution occurred within geographically isolated populations, probably due to its mountainous terrain.

Published
2011
Full Text
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17. ON THE REFLEXES OF PROTO-TURKIC VOWEL LENGTH IN THE TURKIC LANGUAGES.

Author

DYBO, ANNA V.

Subjects
TURKIC languages, VOWELS, HISTORICAL linguistics, REFLEXIVES (Grammar), ALTAIC languages
Abstract

The author examines the historical-linguistic significance of an annotated edition of a paper by W. Kotwicz on the problem of primary long vowels in the Turkic languages. She discusses the history of the concept of ancient long vowels. She also compares the reflexes of primary long vowels in Turkmen and Yakut.

Published
2015
Full Text
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18. JAZZ RESEARCH IN SCANDINAVIA.

Author

Dybo, Tor

Abstract

Copyright of Jazzforschung is the property of International Society for Jazz Research and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Published
2010

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