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10. Active restoration after three decades: Seed addition increases native dominance compared to landscape‐scale secondary succession.

Author

O'Reilly‐Nugent, Andrew, Blumenthal, Dana M., Wandrag, Elizabeth M., Duncan, Richard P., and Catford, Jane A.

Subjects
GRASSLAND restoration, NATIVE species, RESTORATION ecology, PLANT communities, GRASSLANDS
Abstract

Active restoration often aims to accelerate ecosystem recovery. However, active restoration may not be worthwhile if its effects are overwhelmed by changes that occur passively. Moreover, it can be challenging to separate the effects of passive processes, such as dispersal and natural succession, from active restoration efforts.We assess the 24‐year impact of actively restoring a Minnesota old‐field grassland via seed addition of native tallgrass prairie species. We compared the abundance of four functional plant groups in actively restored plots against abundances in three reference classes: (1) unrestored plots undergoing passive recovery within the same old field, (2) passively recovering plots in two nearby old fields of similar age and (3) a chronosequence of 21 old fields within the same landscape.Active restoration led to a higher abundance of native grasses and forbs in the 36 m2 treatment plots. Seed addition was more effective if the original vegetation was first removed using herbicide, burning and tilling. However, long‐term conclusions about the efficacy of active restoration varied widely depending on the choice of reference class.In our small‐scale restoration experiment, native abundance was similarly high in both the actively restored and reference plots after 24 years, suggesting either (1) passive recovery or (2) local dispersal of native species from nearby treatment plots (i.e. cross‐contamination). In contrast, a comparison with two nearby reference fields suggested active restoration resulted in much higher native abundance relative to passive recovery. A smaller, positive effect was detected when we compared actively restored plots to the chronosequence of old fields. In the chronosequence, many passively recovering old fields had transitioned to native grass dominance naturally, although active restoration appeared to increase native forb abundance.Synthesis and applications: Our findings highlight the importance of using scale‐appropriate references for assessing the efficacy and need for active restoration. Comparing actively restored plots with the surrounding landscape, we found that active restoration and passive recovery led to similar plant communities after 24 years. Because local dispersal from actively restored sites can nearby references, caution should be exercised when evaluating long‐term restoration projects using only small‐scale experiments. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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16. Global gene flow releases invasive plants from environmental constraints on genetic diversity

Author

Smith, Annabel L., Hodkinson, Trevor R., Villellas, Jesus, Catford, Jane A., Csergő, Anna Mariá, Blomberg, Simone P., Crone, Elizabeth E., Ehrlén, Johan, Garcia, Maria B., Laine, Anna-Liisa, Roach, Deborah A., Salguero-Gómez, Roberto, Wardle, Glenda M., Childs, Dylan Z., Elderd, Bret D., Finn, Alain, Munné-Bosch, Sergi, Baudraz, Maude E. A., Bódis, Judit, Brearley, Francis Q., Bucharova, Anna, Caruso, Christina M., Duncan, Richard P., Dwyer, John M., Gooden, Ben, Groenteman, Ronny, Hamre, Liv Norunn, Helm, Aveliina, Kelly, Ruth, Laanisto, Lauri, Lonati, Michele, Moore, Joslin L., Morales, Melanie, Olsen, Siri Lie, Pärtel, Meelis, Petry, William K., Ramula, Satu, Rasmussen, Pil U., Enri, Simone Ravetto, Roeder, Anna, Roscher, Christiane, Saastamoinen, Marjo, Tack, Ayco J. M., Töpper, Joachim Paul, Vose, Gregory E., Wandrag, Elizabeth M., Wingler, Astrid, and Buckley, Yvonne M.

Published
2020

21. AusTraits, a curated plant trait database for the Australian flora

Author

Falster, Daniel, Gallagher, Rachael, Wenk, Elizabeth H., Wright, Ian J., Indiarto, Dony, Andrew, Samuel C., Baxter, Caitlan, Lawson, James, Allen, Stuart, Fuchs, Anne, Monro, Anna, Kar, Fonti, Adams, Mark A., Ahrens, Collin W., Alfonzetti, Matthew, Angevin, Tara, Apgaua, Deborah M. G., Arndt, Stefan, Atkin, Owen K., Atkinson, Joe, Auld, Tony, Baker, Andrew, von Balthazar, Maria, Bean, Anthony, Blackman, Chris J., Bloomfield, Keith, Bowman, David M. J. S., Bragg, Jason, Brodribb, Timothy J., Buckton, Genevieve, Burrows, Geoff, Caldwell, Elizabeth, Camac, James, Carpenter, Raymond, Catford, Jane A., Cawthray, Gregory R., Cernusak, Lucas A., Chandler, Gregory, Chapman, Alex R., Cheal, David, Cheesman, Alexander W., Chen, Si-Chong, Choat, Brendan, Clinton, Brook, Clode, Peta L., Coleman, Helen, Cornwell, William K., Cosgrove, Meredith, Crisp, Michael, Cross, Erika, Crous, Kristine Y., Cunningham, Saul, Curran, Timothy, Curtis, Ellen, Daws, Matthew I., DeGabriel, Jane L., Denton, Matthew D., Dong, Ning, Du, Pengzhen, Duan, Honglang, Duncan, David H., Duncan, Richard P., Duretto, Marco, Dwyer, John M., Edwards, Cheryl, Esperon-Rodriguez, Manuel, Evans, John R., Everingham, Susan E., Farrell, Claire, Firn, Jennifer, Fonseca, Carlos Roberto, French, Ben J., Frood, Doug, Funk, Jennifer L., Geange, Sonya R., Ghannoum, Oula, Gleason, Sean M., Gosper, Carl R., Gray, Emma, Groom, Philip K., Grootemaat, Saskia, Gross, Caroline, Guerin, Greg, Guja, Lydia, Hahs, Amy K., Harrison, Matthew Tom, Hayes, Patrick E., Henery, Martin, Hochuli, Dieter, Howell, Jocelyn, Huang, Guomin, Hughes, Lesley, Huisman, John, Ilic, Jugoslav, Jagdish, Ashika, Jin, Daniel, Jordan, Gregory, Jurado, Enrique, Kanowski, John, Kasel, Sabine, Kellermann, Jürgen, Kenny, Belinda, Kohout, Michele, Kooyman, Robert M., Kotowska, Martyna M., Lai, Hao Ran, Laliberté, Etienne, Lambers, Hans, Lamont, Byron B., Lanfear, Robert, van Langevelde, Frank, Laughlin, Daniel C., Laugier-Kitchener, Bree-Anne, Laurance, Susan, Lehmann, Caroline E. R., Leigh, Andrea, Leishman, Michelle R., Lenz, Tanja, Lepschi, Brendan, Lewis, James D., Lim, Felix, Liu, Udayangani, Lord, Janice, Lusk, Christopher H., Macinnis-Ng, Cate, McPherson, Hannah, Magallón, Susana, Manea, Anthony, López-Martinez, Andrea, Mayfield, Margaret, McCarthy, James K., Meers, Trevor, van der Merwe, Marlien, Metcalfe, Daniel J., Milberg, Per, Mokany, Karel, Moles, Angela T., Moore, Ben D., Moore, Nicholas, Morgan, John W., Morris, William, Muir, Annette, Munroe, Samantha, Nicholson, Áine, Nicolle, Dean, Nicotra, Adrienne B., Niinemets, Ülo, North, Tom, O’Reilly-Nugent, Andrew, O’Sullivan, Odhran S., Oberle, Brad, Onoda, Yusuke, Ooi, Mark K. J., Osborne, Colin P., Paczkowska, Grazyna, Pekin, Burak, Guilherme Pereira, Caio, Pickering, Catherine, Pickup, Melinda, Pollock, Laura J., Poot, Pieter, Powell, Jeff R., Power, Sally A., Prentice, Iain Colin, Prior, Lynda, Prober, Suzanne M., Read, Jennifer, Reynolds, Victoria, Richards, Anna E., Richardson, Ben, Roderick, Michael L., Rosell, Julieta A., Rossetto, Maurizio, Rye, Barbara, Rymer, Paul D., Sams, Michael A., Sanson, Gordon, Sauquet, Hervé, Schmidt, Susanne, Schönenberger, Jürg, Schulze, Ernst-Detlef, Sendall, Kerrie, Sinclair, Steve, Smith, Benjamin, Smith, Renee, Soper, Fiona, Sparrow, Ben, Standish, Rachel J., Staples, Timothy L., Stephens, Ruby, Szota, Christopher, Taseski, Guy, Tasker, Elizabeth, Thomas, Freya, Tissue, David T., Tjoelker, Mark G., Tng, David Yue Phin, de Tombeur, Félix, Tomlinson, Kyle, Turner, Neil C., Veneklaas, Erik J., Venn, Susanna, Vesk, Peter, Vlasveld, Carolyn, Vorontsova, Maria S., Warren, Charles A., Warwick, Nigel, Weerasinghe, Lasantha K., Wells, Jessie, Westoby, Mark, White, Matthew, Williams, Nicholas S. G., Wills, Jarrah, Wilson, Peter G., Yates, Colin, Zanne, Amy E., Zemunik, Graham, and Ziemińska, Kasia

Published
2021
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22. Background food influences rate of encounter and efficacy of rodenticides in wild house mice.

Author

Brown, Peter R., Henry, Steve, Hinds, Lyn A., Robinson, Freya, Duncan, Richard P., and Ruscoe, Wendy A.

Subjects
RODENTICIDES, MICE, BIRTH control, ZINC phosphide, WILDLIFE management, DEATH rate
Abstract

Baiting is widely used in wildlife management for various purposes, including lethal control, fertility control, disease and parasite control, and conditioned aversion programs for many invasive vertebrate species. The efficacy of baiting programs relies on the likelihood that target animals will encounter the bait, consume it and receive an appropriate dose of the active ingredient. However, there has been little focus on encounter rate of toxic baits combined with behavioural aversion, which are likely to be significant factors affecting efficacy.Following optimal foraging theory, the likelihood of an animal encountering and consuming a toxic grain bait should increase in proportion to its availability relative to background food quantity if it is neither more or less detectable or palatable. Furthermore, the probability of consuming toxic baits might also be influenced by bait aversion following ingestion of a non‐lethal dose of toxin.Using a model system of wild house mice (Mus musculus L.) in mouse‐proof enclosures in Australia, we manipulated background food, applied zinc phosphide (Zn3P2) baits and measured mouse mortality. When background food was scarce, mouse mortality was high, whereas an increasing abundance of background food led to reduced mortality. A scenario modelling random encounters and including bait aversion explained 78% of the variation in observed mortality outcomes and achieved a closer fit to the data than modelling random encounters alone. Mortality rates were predicted to be higher with a higher strength bait, which would overcome behavioural aversion.Ensuring that animals locate and consume a lethal dose of toxic bait is a critical factor for successful bait delivery and efficacy. This is particularly significant in toxic baiting programs, where sublethal doses can make animals feel sick, leading to a negative association with the bait, and the development of aversion.Synthesis and applications: Our findings explain why some toxic baiting programs might fail. To achieve successful control, efforts should be directed at reducing the availability of background food to increase the probability of encounter and uptake of toxic baits. It is important to measure and understand the role of background food on toxic baiting programs to explain variable outcomes and inform strategies for successful bait delivery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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24. Transport pathways shape the biogeography of alien freshwater fishes in Australia

Author

García-Díaz, Pablo, Kerezsy, Adam, Unmack, Peter J., Lintermans, Mark, Beatty, Stephen J., Butler, Gavin L., Freeman, Rob, Hammer, Michael P., Hardie, Scott, Kennard, Mark J., Morgan, David L., Pusey, Bradley J., Raadik, Tarmo A., Thiem, Jason D., Whiterod, Nick S., Cassey, Phillip, and Duncan, Richard P.

Published
2018

49. Boom- bust population dynamics drive rapid genetic change.

Author

Stringer, Emily J., Gruber, Bernd, Sarre, Stephen D., Wardle, Glenda M., Edward, Scott V., Dickman, Christopher R., Greenville, Aaron C., and Duncan, Richard P.

Subjects
POPULATION dynamics, POPULATION differentiation, GENETIC variation, ECOLOGICAL disturbances, ARID regions
Abstract

Increasing environmental threats and more extreme environmental perturbations place species at risk of population declines, with associated loss of genetic diversity and evolutionary potential. While theory shows that rapid population declines can cause loss of genetic diversity, populations in some environments, like Australia's arid zone, are repeatedly subject to major population fluctuations yet persist and appear able to maintain genetic diversity. Here, we use repeated population sampling over 13 y and genotype- by- sequencing of 1903 individuals to investigate the genetic consequences of repeated population fluctuations in two small mammals in the Australian arid zone. The sandy inland mouse (Pseudomys hermannsburgensis) experiences marked boom- bust population dynamics in response to the highly variable desert environment. We show that heterozygosity levels declined, and population differentiation (FST) increased, during bust periods when populations became small and isolated, but that heterozygosity was rapidly restored during episodic population booms. In contrast, the lesser hairy- footed dunnart (Sminthopsis youngsoni), a desert marsupial that maintains relatively stable population sizes, showed no linear declines in heterozygosity. These results reveal two contrasting ways in which genetic diversity is maintained in highly variable environments. In one species, diversity is conserved through the maintenance of stable population sizes across time. In the other species, diversity is conserved through rapid genetic mixing during population booms that restores heterozygosity lost during population busts. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2024
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50. Root traits vary as much as leaf traits and have consistent phenotypic plasticity among 14 populations of a globally widespread herb.

Author

Dawson, Wayne, Bòdis, Judit, Bucharova, Anna, Catford, Jane A., Duncan, Richard P., Fraser, Lauchlan, Groenteman, Ronny, Kelly, Ruth, Moore, Joslin L., Pärtel, Meelis, Roach, Deborah, Villellas, Jesus, Wandrag, Elizabeth M., Finn, Alain, and Buckley, Yvonne M.

Subjects
PHENOTYPIC plasticity, VESICULAR-arbuscular mycorrhizas, HERBS, ABIOTIC environment, WATER supply, ENVIRONMENTAL sciences
Abstract

Copyright of Functional Ecology is the property of Wiley-Blackwell and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Published
2024
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