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Aquaculture in China has undergone significant evolution in recent decades, transitioning from traditional practices to a vital food production industry. Alongside the rapid growth of aquaculture in China, aquafeed production continues to expand swiftly. This review attempts to establish an overview of the history and achievements in aquaculture nutrition research and feed industry in China. The development of scientific concept and methodology, especially the advanced molecular biology technology guarantees the shift from traditional nutrition to molecular nutrition, and subsequently to precision nutrition in aquaculture nutrition research. This evolution has facilitated the formulation of effective strategies to enhance the growth, health and product quality of aquatic animals. The advancements of aquaculture nutrition research and feed industry have also been propelled by innovative research concepts rooted in principles such as the health and safety of aquatic animals, the quality of aquatic products, resource conservation and environmental friendliness, and the advancements in key processing technologies within the aquafeed industry. The future perspectives of the aquaculture nutrition research and feed industry in China are also proposed. The present work aims to provide a reference for promoting the development of aquaculture nutrition research and feed industry in China. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

To rapid and efficient detection of TNP in water (TNP=2,4,6‐trinitrophenol), a pyrenyl‐based double‐charged probe PYPN was employed. The bright orange‐red emission of PYPN was seriously quenched upon the addition of TNP. The detection limit of PYPN for TNP is 0.218 μM. In addition, PYPN shows fast response rate (5 s) to TNP, good stability, excellent selectivity and anti‐interference (pH, anion, cation and other nitro compounds). Furthermore, PYPN can be used to rapidly detect TNP in various types of water samples. The rapid and efficient detection of TNP by PYPN may due to the electron and energy transfer as well as electrostatic interactions. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Angiopoietin-like 4 (ANGPTL4) is a potent regulator of TAG metabolism, but knowledge of the mechanisms underlying ANGPTL4 transcription in response to fatty acids is still limited in teleost. In the current study, we explored the molecular characterisation of ANGPTL4 and regulatory mechanisms of ANGPTL4 in response to fatty acids in large yellow croaker (Larimichthys crocea). Here, croaker angptl4 contained a 1416 bp open reading frame encoding a protein of 471 amino acids with highly conserved 12-amino acid consensus motif. Angptl4 was widely expressed in croaker, with the highest expression in the liver. In vitro , oleic and palmitic acids (OA and PA) treatments strongly increased angptl4 mRNA expression in croaker hepatocytes. Moreover, angptl4 expression was positively regulated by PPAR family (PPAR- α , β and γ), and expression of PPAR γ was also significantly increased in response to OA and PA. Moreover, inhibition of PPAR γ abrogated OA- or PA-induced angptl4 mRNA expression. Beyond that, PA might increase angptl4 expression partly via the insulin signalling. Overall, the expression of ANGPTL4 is strongly upregulated by OA and PA via PPAR γ in the liver of croaker, which contributes to improve the understanding of the regulatory mechanisms of ANGPTL4 in fish. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Due to the inability to block the medial and lateral thoracic nerves, it is often used in conjunction with thoracic nerve block to better alleviate postoperative pain in breast augmentation surgery. Keywords: Serratus anterior plane block; Breast surgeries; Breast augmentation EN Serratus anterior plane block Breast surgeries Breast augmentation 1105 1107 3 06/27/23 20230801 NES 230801 Binggao Chai and Jianlong Du contributed equally to this work as co-first authors. Familiarity with breast innervation, the scope of surgical invasion, and the anatomical basis of local nerve block techniques can help choose an appropriate nerve block technique to better alleviate pain during breast augmentation surgery. [Extracted from the article]

Δ6 fatty acyl desaturase (Δ6Fads2) is regarded as the first rate-limiting desaturase that catalyzes the biosynthesis of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFA) from 18-carbon fatty acid in vertebrates, but the underlying regulatory mechanism of fads2 has not been comprehensively understood. This study aimed to investigate the regulation role of fads2 subjected to fatty acid in large yellow croaker and rainbow trout. In vivo, large yellow croaker and rainbow trout were fed a fish oil (FO) diet, a soybean oil (SO) diet or a linseed oil (LO) diet for 10 weeks. The results show that LO and SO can significantly increase fads2 expression (p < 0.05). In vitro experiments were conducted in HEK293T cells or primary hepatocytes to determine the transcriptional regulation of fads2. The results show that CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein α (C/EBPα) can up-regulate fads2 expression. GATA binding protein 3 (GATA3) can up-regulate fads2 expression in rainbow trout but showed opposite effect in large yellow croaker. Furthermore, C/EBPα protein levels were significantly increased by LO and SO (p < 0.05), gata3 expression was increased in rainbow trout by LO but decreased in large yellow croaker by LO and SO. In conclusion, we revealed that FO replaced by LO and SO increased fads2 expression through a C/EBPα and GATA3 dependent mechanism in large yellow croaker and rainbow trout. This study might provide critical insights into the regulatory mechanisms of fads2 expression and LC-PUFA biosynthesis. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

The mall heterodimer partner (SHP) plays an important regulatory role in mammal inflammation. The main objective of this study was to investigate the response of SHP to inflammatory stimulation and its underlying mechanism. The shp gene from large yellow croakers, was cloned, and this gene is mainly expressed in the liver and intestine. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation induced the mRNA expression and protein level of SHP in macrophages of large yellow croakers. Overexpression of SHP significantly decreased mRNA expression of tnfα , il-1β , il-6 and cox2 induced by LPS treatment in macrophages. LPS stimulation increased the phosphorylation level of Adenosine 5'-monophosphate (AMP)-activated protein kinase (AMPK) in macrophages. AMPK inhibitor treatment significantly decreased the expression of SHP induced by LPS while AMPK activator significantly increased the expression of SHP. The nuclear factor-erythroid 2-related factor 2 (NRF2) increased the promoter activity of SHP in large yellow croakers and the level of nuclear NRF2 was increased by LPS stimulation and AMPK activation. NRF2 inhibitor treatment significantly decreased mRNA expression of shp induced by LPS and AMPK activator. In conclusion, LPS can induce SHP expression by activating the AMPK-NRF2 pathway while SHP could negatively regulate LPS-induced inflammation in large yellow croakers. This study may be benefit to the development of immunology of marine fish and provide new ideas for inflammation-related diseases. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: High linoleic acid (LA) intake leads to inflammation that adversely influences health in fish. However, whether the farnesoid X receptor (FXR) could be an effective target for regulating LA-induced inflammation remains unknown.Objective: The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of FXR in the regulation of LA-induced inflammation in large yellow croakers.Methods: Large yellow croakers (initial weight of 10.03 ± 0.02 g) were allocated to 4 groups and fed a fish oil diet (6% FO), a soybean oil diet (6% SO), or the SO diet supplemented with 300 or 900 mg chenodeoxycholic acid (CDCA)/kg for 10 wk. The cultured kidney cell line PCK and primary hepatocytes from large yellow croakers were stimulated by LA (50 μM) after pretreatment with an FXR ligand (GW4064 or CDCA) or transfection with fxr-small interfering RNA (siFXR). mRNA expression of proinflammatory genes in the head kidney and liver tissues, PCK cells, and primary hepatocytes was determined by qPCR. The luciferase reporter assay, electrophoretic mobility shift assay, and immunoprecipitation assay were conducted in HEK 293T cells to determine the transcriptional activity of P65 and protein interactions between P65 and FXR or the small heterodimer partner (SHP).Results: Proinflammatory genes were 93-1180% higher in the SO group compared with the FO group. CDCA supplementation decreased mRNA expression of proinflammatory genes by 17-87% while increasing fxr and shp expression by 120-460%. In PCK cells and primary hepatocytes, ligand-mediated activation of FXR decreased the LA-induced expression of proinflammatory genes by 18-67%, whereas siRNA-mediated knockdown of FXR increased the LA-induced expression of proinflammatory genes by 64-96%. FXR bound to the promoter of shp and regulated its mRNA expression. Both FXR and SHP could bind to P65 to suppress the transcriptional activity of P65.Conclusions: These results indicate that FXR has anti-inflammatory properties in large yellow croakers by directly and indirectly suppressing NFκB activity. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A number of reduced amino Schiff base ligands and corresponding ruthenium(III) complexes were designed and prepared based on the fact that amino acids not only possess multiple coordinate atoms but also improve the solubility of drugs in the body. The interaction of the complexes with calf thymus DNA was analyzed with spectroscopic methods of ultraviolet‐visible absorption spectra, DNA competitive binding with ethidium bromide, circular dichroism spectra, and DNA melting experiments, and DNA viscosity measurements, indicating that the complexes bind to DNA primarily in the grooving mode. With respect to the ligands, the cytotoxicity in vitro of the complexes against Hela, A549, and MCF‐7 cells was much enhanced, with most of the IC50 values less than 50 μM or even comparable with those of cisplatin. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In the present study, farnesoid X receptor (FXR) was cloned and characterized from liver of large yellow croaker ( L crocea ) and the effects of dietary chenodeoxycholic acid (CDCA), a nature ligand of FXR, on the inflammatory genes expression in the intestine and spleen of large yellow croaker were investigated. Multiple alignments showed that FXR of large yellow croaker contained highly conserved DNA-binding domain and ligand binding domain compared with other species. The subcellular localization analysis showed that FXR-GFP fusion protein could target to the nucleus in HEK 293 t. The tissue specific results demonstrated that FXR was highly expressed in liver, intestine and kidney of large yellow croaker. In addition, dietary soybean oil decreased the expression of FXR and IL-10 and significantly increased the expression of the pro-inflammatory genes in the intestine or spleen, such as TNFα, COX-2, IL-1β, IL-6, while the supplementation of CDCA could partly reverse these effects. These results suggested that the supplementation of CDCA may relieve the inflammation of intestine and spleen in large yellow croaker via the activation of FXR. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

A new mononuclear complex was successfully synthesized on the basis of a Schiff-base ligand L = 1, 2-cyclohexanediamino-N,N′-bis(5-(4- azopyridyl) salicylidene) and CuCl2. Its structure was characterized by single-crystal X-ray diffraction, IR spectroscopy, and powder X-ray diffraction. The complex showed optical property, a fluorescence quantum yield at 405 nm and 510 nm, and sends a purple light at 405 nm and blue-green light at 510 nm when using a 300 nm excitation light to stimulate the samples. The remarkable fluorescence quenching in emission upon the copper(II) is attributed to the intermolecular charge transfer after the formation of a coordinate complex. However, this application from the lighting angle can provide a beautiful series, energy conservation, safety of creative products. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Six new gold(III) complexes [Au(bzpam)Cl2] (1, bzpamH = N-benzyl picolinamide), [Au(hetpam)Cl2] (2, hetpamH = N-(2-hydroxyethyl) picolinamide), [Au(pypam)Cl]AuCl4 (3, pypamH = N-(pyridin-2-ylmethyl) picolinamide), [Au(dmepam)Cl]AuCl4 (4, dmepamH = N-(2-(dimethylamino)ethyl) picolinamide), [Au(bhetpydam)Cl] (5, bhetpydamH2 = N,N′-bis(2-hydroxyethyl) pyridine- 2,6-dicarboxamide) and [Au2(hedam)Cl4] (6, hedamH2 = N, N′-(hexane-1,6-diyl) dipicolinamide) with deprotonated pyridyl carboxamide were synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis, molar conductivity, IR, H1 NMR and C13 NMR techniques. The analytical data showed that deprotonated pyridyl carboxamide coordinated with gold(III) ions through a nitrogen atom. The cytotoxicity against Bel-7402 and HL-60 cell lines was tested by MTT (3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) and SRB (sulforhodamine B) assays. The results indicated that the complexes exerted cytotoxic effects against Bel-7402 and HL-60 cell lines, complex 6 had better cytotoxicity than cisplatin, and complex 3 displayed similar cytotoxicity to cisplatin against Bel-7402 cell line. The results suggested that the characteristics of ligands had an important effect on cytotoxicity of complexes. Copyright © 2012 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Four new platinum(II) complexes (1–4) with N-benzoyl-L-amino acid and bipy were synthesized and characterized by elemental analysis, IR, UV, 1H NMR, and mass spectra. The crystal structure of 1 was determined by X-ray diffraction analysis. Cytotoxicities were measured by MTT and SRB assays. Complexes 1–4 exert cytotoxicity with selectivity against HL-60, Bel-7402, BGC-823, and KB cell lines. This suggests that amino acids and acylated groups have important effects on cytotoxicity; the cytotoxicity is also related to the species of tumor cells, but the IC50 values do not show definite correlation with the variation of amino acids and acylated groups. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]

High-fat diets induced abnormal lipid accumulation in the liver of cultured fish that caused body damage and diseases. The purpose of this research was to investigate the role and mechanism of farnesoid X receptor (FXR) in regulating lipid metabolism and to determine how high-fat diets affect FXR expression in large yellow croakers. The results showed that ligand-meditated FXR-activation could prevent abnormal lipid accumulation in the liver and hepatocytes of large yellow croakers. FXR activation increased the expression of lipid catabolism-related genes while decreasing the expression of lipogenesis-related genes. Further investigation found that the promoter activity of proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα) could be increased by croaker FXR. Through the influence of SHP on LXR, FXR indirectly decreased the promoter activity of sterol regulatory element binding protein 1 (SREBP1) in large yellow croakers. Furthermore, the findings revealed that endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-stress-induced-activation of JNK and P38 MAPK participated in the reduction of FXR induced by high-fat diets. Then, hepatocyte nuclear factor 1α (HNF1α) was confirmed to be an FXR regulator in large yellow croaker, and it was reduced by high-fat diets and ER stress. In addition, co-expression of c-Jun with HNF1α inhibited the effect of HNF1α on FXR promoter, and suppression of P38 MAPK could relieve the HNF1α expression reduction caused by ER stress activation. In summary, the present study showed that FXR mediated lipid metabolism can prevent abnormal lipid accumulation through regulating PPARα and SREBP1 in large yellow croakers, while high-fat diets can suppress FXR expression by ER stress mediated-activation of JNK and P38 MAPK pathways. This research could benefit the study of FXR functions in vertebrate evolution and the development of therapy or preventative methods for nutrition-related disorders. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Crystal structure of novel bis(imino)phenoxychloro-iron(III) chloride demonstrated a columnar helix through hydrogen bonding of anion–cation molecules and intermolecular π–π interactions, along with the syntheses and characterization of the new compounds. A quantum-chemical single point calculations of the interaction energies were performed on the basis of the X-ray structural data. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Abstract: A series of nickel complexes bearing 2-aryliminobenzimidazole ligands were synthesized. Single-crystal X-ray analysis of complex 2 shows the nickel center adopts a distorted square-pyramidal geometry. Treatment of the complexes with methylaluminoxane (MAO) leads to active catalysts for ethylene oligomerization. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]

Elongation of very long chain fatty acids protein 6 (Elovl6) is a key enzyme in fatty acid synthesis, which participates in converting palmitate (C16:0) to stearate (C18:0). Although studies of Elovl6 have been carried out in mammals, the nutritional regulation of elovl6 in fish remains poorly understood. In the present study, the cloning and nutritional regulation of elovl6 were determined in large yellow croaker. Sequence and phylogenetic analysis revealed that the full-length cDNA of elovl6 was 1360 bp, including an open reading frame of 810 bp encoding a putative protein of 269 amino acid that possesses the characteristic features of Elovl proteins. The transcript level of elovl6 was significantly increased in the liver of croaker fed the diets with soybean oil (enriched with 18: 2n-6, LA) or linseed oil (enriched with 18: 3n-3, ALA) than that in croaker fed the diet with fish oil (enriched with 20: 5n-3 and 22: 6n-3). Correspondingly, the elovl6 expression in croaker's hepatocytes treated with ALA or LA was remarkably increased compared to the controls. Furthermore, the transcription factors including hepatocyte nuclear factor 1α (HNF1α), CCAAT-enhancer-binding protein β (CEBPβ), retinoid X receptor α (RXRα), and cAMP response element-binding protein 1 (CREB1) greatly enhanced promoter activity of elovl6 in large yellow croaker, and the expression of transcription factors is consistent with the changes of elovl6 expression in response to fatty acids in vivo and in vitro. In conclusion, this study revealed that elovl6 expression in large yellow croaker could be upregulated by dietary ALA or LA via the increased transcriptional expression of transcription factors including hnf1α, cebpβ, rxrα, and creb1. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Fish are the main source of long-chain polyunsaturated fatty acids (LC-PUFA) for human consumption. In the process of evolution via natural selection, adaptation to distinct environments has likely driven changes in the endogenous capacity for LC-PUFA biosynthesis between marine and freshwater fishes. However, the molecular mechanisms underlying adaptive changes in this metabolic pathway are poorly understood. Here, we compared the transcriptional regulation of elongation of very long chain fatty acids protein 5 (Elovl5), which is one of the critical enzymes in LC-PUFA biosynthesis pathway, in marine large yellow croaker (Larimichthys crocea) and freshwater rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). Comparative transcriptomic and absolute mRNA quantification analyses revealed that the expression of elovl5 in rainbow trout was markedly higher than that in large yellow croaker. Correspondingly, the number of chromatin accessible areas in the regulatory region of elovl5 in rainbow trout was higher than in large yellow croaker, which revealed that chromatin accessibility in the regulatory region of elovl5 in rainbow trout was higher. Furthermore, the differences in sequence and activity of the elovl5 promoter were observed between rainbow trout and large yellow croaker, and transcription factors including CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein β (CEBPβ), GATA binding protein 3 (GATA3) and upstream stimulatory factor 2 (USF2) displayed different regulatory roles on elovl5 expression between the two species. We propose that changes in the gene regulatory region driven by natural selection likely play a key role in differences in elovl5 expression and the activity of Elovl5, which may influence the LC-PUFA biosynthesis capacities of rainbow trout and large yellow croaker. These findings may also provide opportunities to improve the quality of aquatic products and, consequently, human health. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Abstract: Seven new Au(III) complexes ([(PipDTC)AuCl2] (1), [(MoDTC)AuCl2] (2), [(BzoPizDTC)AuCl2] (3), [(TsPizDTC)AuCl2] (4), [(PizDTC)Au2Cl4] (5), [(MePizDTC)Au2Cl5] (6) and [(EtPizDTC)Au2Cl5] (7)) with cyclic amine-based dithiocarbamate have been synthesized, characterized and evaluated in vitro. The results indicate that these complexes exert selective cytotoxic effects against HL-60, BGC-823, Bel-7402 and KB cells lines. Complex 1 shows 11-, 5- and 1-folds higher cytotoxicity than cisplatin against KB, BGC-823 and Bel-7402 cell lines. Complex 2 exhibits higher cytotoxicity than cisplatin against BGC-823 and Bel-7402 cell lines. Complexes 3 and 4 display higher cytotoxicity than cisplatin against BGC-823 cell line. The nature of cyclic amine and the number of metal centers have important effects on cytotoxicity of these Au(III) complexes. [Copyright &y& Elsevier]