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The scope of this study is to determine the effect of different drying air temperatures on the drying behavior, effective moisture diffusivity, physical, powder, and functional properties of foam mat dried egg white powder. For this purpose, the egg white foam was obtained by using kitchen blender (1000W, 30s) and dried at convective hot air oven at three different drying air temperatures (60, 70, and 80°C, %20 ventilation rate). Drying took place in a falling rate period for all drying temperatures. The effective moisture diffusivity values increased depending on the drying air temperature and the activation energy was calculated as 13.81kJ/mol. The moisture content has a proportional relationship with ash content, b*, Chroma, yellowness and browning indexes, flowability, cohesiveness, emulsification stability, water holding capacity, and foam holding capacity values, whereas it has an inverse proportional relationship with L*, a*, hygroscopicity, emulsification activity, oil holding capacity, and foam holding stability values.

The aim of this study is to determine the effect of different microwave powers on the drying kinetics and powder properties of foam mat dried egg white powder. For this purpose, the egg white foam was obtained by using kitchen blender (1000W, 5min) and dried in a domestic microwave oven at five different microwave powers (120-720W). According to the results, the drying time decreased from 360s to 80s according to increasing microwave power (P

Dried egg white is extensively used as a food ingredient due to its unique functional properties and extensive shelf life. This study investigated the effect of drying methods and storage conditions on the color and gelling properties of dried egg white. Egg white was dried with two drying methods; freeze drying and hot-air drying, then stored at 25 and 40°C for 4 months. The result showed that the color of hot-air-dried egg white, especially after storage at 40°C, was darker yellow than for freeze-dried egg whites. The gelling properties of both samples were altered during storage, however, substantial changes in the gelling properties were found in the gel made from stored hot-air-dried egg white. A decrease in the enthalpy of protein denaturation that indicated a partially unfolded protein conformation, an increase in exposed sulfhydryl and a decrease in the total sulfhydryl contents were found, especially in stored samples of hot-air-dried egg whites. The sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide ...

Background The quality of dried egg white with respect to functional properties can be affected by storage conditions. The effect of temperature and relative humidity (RH) on changes in colour and gelling properties in freeze-dried egg white (FDEW) during storage was investigated. Results The glass transition temperature (Tg ) of FDEW decreased with increasing % RH. The colour of FDEW stored at 60 °C was darker yellow than those at 40 and 25 °C, particularly at high % RH. RH had no effect on hardness and water-holding capacity (WHC) of gels made from FDEW stored at 25 °C for 1 week. However, hardness and WHC of gels from FDEW stored at higher temperatures; 40 °C, 48% RH and 60 °C, 11% RH dramatically increased. These results related to the differential scanning calorimeter thermograms which showed a broadening peak with lower enthalpy of protein denaturation. Moreover, the protein's SDS-PAGE pattern in the samples stored at high temperatures or RH levels showed protein aggregation. Conclusion Storage of FDEW at high temperature and RH levels induced protein conformation changes. These have contributed to protein aggregation which affected the gelling properties of FDEW. © 2016 Society of Chemical Industry.

The Dietary Guidelines for Americans recommend that less than 35% of daily calories be contributed from fat. In fried foods, up to 75% of calories can be from fat. This study was undertaken to determine if oil absorption during frying could be inhibited in breaded chicken patties that were coated with egg white solutions before frying. In two different bread crumb systems, two different types of egg dips (fresh and dried egg white) were utilized. Color, texture, processing factors, lipid and moisture measurements were taken. Samples coated with Japanese bread crumbs treated with dried egg white dips adjusted to pH 3, 5, and 7 reduced lipid content by 27%, 15%, and 20%, respectively, compared with the untreated control. The reduction in lipid content was accompanied by an increase in moisture retention. These results suggest that fried food dipped in dried egg white before frying could exhibit reduced oil content. Practical Applications Reducing the fat content of fried meat patties could provide lower fat alternatives to normal deep fried foods that still retain the desirable characteristics that full fat foods provide. This could help to battle the growing trend of obesity in the U.S.

The effect of a dried egg white dietary supplement (2%) on cadmium distribution was examined within 32 d post dosing in the carcass, liver, kidneys, testes, and thigh muscles of male Wistar rats administered cadmium chloride daily, orally for 28 d at a dose corresponding to 10 mg/Cd/kg of feed. Rats fed the egg white protein-supplemented diet displayed markedly higher carcass Cd retention than animals given a standard diet. Further, the protein-supplemented diet increased significantly hepatic Cd retention at 12 h and 4 d, and renal metal retention at 12 h until d 16. In contrast, testicular and thigh-muscle Cd retention was significantly lower in the rats fed the egg white protein supplemented diet compared to rats on a standard diet. Higher carcass, hepatic, and renal Cd concentrations were accompanied by greater body weight gains. Taken together, the results of this study showed that increased egg white dietary protein levels enhanced Cd retention in carcass, liver, and kidneys but lowered the metal concentrations in thigh muscles and testes. Data indicate that body weight gains in rats supplemented with egg white proteins exerted tissue-specific effects with respect to Cd accumulation. The potential toxic risk of Cd burden in testes was diminished due to lower metal levels in rats on a protein-supplemented diet. However, this may not be the case in liver and kidneys, as Cd concentrations rose in presence of protein supplementation.

High-pathogenicity avian influenza viruses (HPAIV) cause severe systemic disease with high mortality in chickens. Isolation of HPAIV from the internal contents of chicken eggs has been reported, and this is cause for concern because HPAIV can be spread by movement of poultry products during marketing and trade activity. This study presents thermal inactivation data for the HPAIV strain A/chicken/PA/1370/83 (H5N2) (PA/83) in dried egg white with a moisture content (7.5%) similar to that found in commercially available spray-dried egg white products. The 95% upper confidence limits for D-values calculated from linear regression of the survival curves at 54.4, 60.0, 65.5, and 71.1 degrees C were 475.4, 192.2, 141.0, and 50.1 min, respectively. The line equation y = [0.05494 x degrees C] + 5.5693 (root mean square error = 0.0711) was obtained by linear regression of experimental D-values versus temperature. Conservative predictions based on the thermal inactivation data suggest that standard industry pasteurization protocols would be very effective for HPAIV inactivation in dried egg white. For example, these calculations predict that a 7-log reduction would take only 2.6 days at 54.4 degrees C.

The objective was to obtain a low-fat chicken gel with high protein content by means of high pressure (HP). Dried egg white (DEW) was added as fat replacement. Using response surface methodology, 10 treatments were performed combining three factors: pressure (400–500 MPa); temperature (40–60 °C); and DEW percentage (0–20%). The presence of DEW proteins remarkably increased hardness, cutting force and compression of the gels, suggesting their participation in the network structure coupled to the myofibrillar proteins; also, the binding properties were improved. Thermal analysis of batters treated at 40 °C and 500 MPa had an incomplete denaturation of the myofibrillar and egg proteins and the ovalbumin experimented only partial unfolding at 60 °C at same pressure. Our results show the possibility of modifying certain functional characteristics of chicken meat gels with low fat content by means of HP and the addition of DEW.

Dried egg and egg-derived proteins have a range of applications in baking, dressings, and confectionery products. Egg powder was produced under high time-temperature scales (approximately 160 degrees C), which led to many changes in egg components, resulting in different functional properties of eggs after reconstitution. In this study, moderate operating conditions were selected to dry egg white and whole egg using a pilot-scale spray dryer. Functional properties changes were evaluated with an appropriate statistical technique. Major finding supports that spray drying of egg white at moderate conditions (air inlet temperature ranged from 110 to 125 degrees C) resulted in a product that enhanced considerably the water holding capacity of produced gels. Moreover, gel prepared with the dried samples was firmer than that of the fresh samples. Drying at a moderate scale allowed not only the increasing of the foaming capacity and the stability of foam but also an increase in their emulsifying capacity and stability of the emulsions.

Egg white (EW) was desugared, adjusted to either pH 7 or pH 9, and freeze-dried. Portions were held at 25°, 50°, 60°, 70° or 80°C for 1 wk. In vitro iron bioavailability (IVIB) was estimated by the method of Kane and Miller (1984) and no differences in IVIB were observed due to EW pH. IVIB of EW held at 50°, 60°, or 70°C was not different (P>0.05) than that of EW held at 25°C [9.87% dialyzable iron (DI)]; only the 80°C treatment led to IVIB lower (6.76% DI, P

Summary1. Preparation of avidin concentrates by precipitation of the active fraction during a 2-day static dialysis (in distilled water) of a 1%saline extract of an acetone coagulation of dried egg white solution at pH 5.1 has been described. 2. The activity of these preparations (1.5 units/mg) averages 20% that of “pure” avidin 8.0 units/mg) and the yield is about one g of such material from 800 g of dried egg white. 3. About 100 1b of dried egg white has been processed by the method described.