48 results on '"Discriminación condicional"'
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2. EFECTOS DE LA SECUENCIA Y EL MOMENTO DE DESCRIPCIÓN SOBRE EL DESEMPEÑO EFECTIVO EN TAREAS DE IGUALACIÓN A LA MUESTRA.
- Author
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Silva Victoria, Héctor Octavio, Rocha Hernández, Edgar, and Luevano León, Daniela Stephanie
- Subjects
TASK performance ,PROMPTS (Psychology) ,ALLIED health personnel ,STUDENTS ,SHORT-term memory ,COGNITION - Abstract
Copyright of Revista Electrónica de Psicología Iztacala is the property of Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) more...
- Published
- 2024
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3. DIFERENTES TIPOS DE VERBALIZACIONES INICIALES REGULAN LA EJECUCIÓN HUMANA Y SU TRANSFERENCIA.
- Author
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Chávez Hernández, Edgar Rodrigo and Carpio Ramírez, Claudio Antonio
- Subjects
BEHAVIOR ,TASK performance ,UNDERGRADUATES ,PRE-tests & post-tests ,RANDOMIZED controlled trials ,VERBAL behavior ,TRANSFERENCE (Psychology) ,STATISTICAL sampling ,COLOR - Abstract
Copyright of Revista Electrónica de Psicología Iztacala is the property of Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) more...
- Published
- 2023
4. FRECUENCIA Y TIPOS DE RETROALIMENTACIÓN SOBRE LA PRECISION DEL RESPONDER EN UNA TAREA DE DISCRIMINACIÓN CONDICIONAL.
- Author
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Mateos Morfín, L. Rebeca and Flores Aguirre, Carlos J.
- Subjects
PERCENTILES ,LEARNING ,STUDENTS - Abstract
Copyright of Mexican Journal of Behavioral Analysis / Revista Mexicana de Análisis de la Conducta is the property of Sociedad Mexicana de Analisis de la Conducta and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) more...
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
5. DIFERENTES TIPOS DE VERBALIZACIONES INICIALES REGULAN LA EJECUCIÓN HUMANA Y SU TRANSFERENCIA.
- Author
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Chávez Hernández, Edgar Rodrigo and Carpio Ramírez, Claudio Antonio
- Subjects
SPEECH perception ,EXPERIMENTAL design ,SPEECH therapy ,UNDERGRADUATES ,PRE-tests & post-tests ,VERBAL behavior ,COMMUNICATION ,STATISTICAL sampling - Abstract
Copyright of Revista Electrónica de Psicología Iztacala is the property of Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) more...
- Published
- 2022
6. Delayed Matching to Sample by Adolescents With and Without Intellectual Disabilities: Memory and Intellectual Disability
- Author
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de Oliveira Teixeira, Isabela, Postalli, Lidia Maria Marson, and Aggio, Natalia M.
- Published
- 2023
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
7. TRANSFERENCIA DEL APRENDIZAJE DISCRIMINATIVO SEGÚN EL TIPO Y SECUENCIA DE PRUEBAS EMPLEADAS.
- Author
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Rodríguez Pérez, María Elena, de Guadalupe Contreras García, Jorge Arturo, and Silva Castillo, Luis Hernando
- Subjects
TRANSFER of training ,UNDERGRADUATES ,TASKS - Abstract
Copyright of Mexican Journal of Behavioral Analysis / Revista Mexicana de Análisis de la Conducta is the property of Sociedad Mexicana de Analisis de la Conducta and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) more...
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
8. ¿ES NECESARIO DESEMPEÑARSE CORRECTAMENTE PARA FORMULAR LA REGLA DE EJECUCIÓN? DATOS PRELIMINARES.
- Author
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Rodríguez Medina, Raúl Narayanam and Carpio Ramírez, Claudio Antonio
- Abstract
Copyright of Revista Electrónica de Psicología Iztacala is the property of Facultad de Estudios Superiores Iztacala and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) more...
- Published
- 2021
9. Descripción de contingencias en la adquisición y transferencia de discriminaciones condicionales en niños.
- Author
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López, Iván and Serrano, Mario
- Abstract
Copyright of Acta Comportamentalia is the property of Instituto de Psicologia y Educacion de la Universidad Veracruzana and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) more...
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
10. SESGO DE RESPUESTA Y CONSECUENCIAS DIFERENCIALES "BIOLÓGICAMENTE NEUTRAS" EN DISCRIMINACIÓN CONDICIONAL CON RATAS.
- Author
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Serrano, Mario, Rey, Pedro, Albarrán, Mauricio, and Díaz, Felipe
- Subjects
VISUAL perception ,AUDITORY perception ,RATS ,LEVERS - Abstract
Copyright of Mexican Journal of Behavioral Analysis / Revista Mexicana de Análisis de la Conducta is the property of Sociedad Mexicana de Analisis de la Conducta and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) more...
- Published
- 2021
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
11. DIRECCIÓN Y CONTENIDO DE RETROALIMENTACIÓN EN LA ADQUISICIÓN DE FUNCIÓN INSTRUCCIONAL.
- Author
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Ortiz, Gerardo, Cuevas, Paula, Serrador-Diez, Concepción, and Barrero-López, Lizeth
- Subjects
EXPERIMENTAL groups ,COLLEGE students ,MODAL logic ,TASKS - Abstract
Copyright of Mexican Journal of Behavioral Analysis / Revista Mexicana de Análisis de la Conducta is the property of Sociedad Mexicana de Analisis de la Conducta and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) more...
- Published
- 2020
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- View/download PDF
12. ffects of linguistic interference on the acquisition and transfer of conditional discriminations with first- and second-order matching-to-sample tasks
- Author
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Alejandro León, Carlos Zenteno, Isiris Guzmán, and Iván Felipe Medina-Arboleda
- Subjects
Discriminación condicional ,transferencia ,desligamiento funcional ,igualación de la muestra ,tarea de interferencia lingüística ,Psychology ,BF1-990 - Abstract
Studies on conditional discrimination (CD) in humans have pointed out that linguistic contact with the properties and criteria of the task is critical both for acquisition and transfer, especially in extra-relational and extra-dimensional tests. Recentempirical and conceptual analyses have challenged this assumption. Studies in the field have generally included linguisticcomponents, but the effect of linguistic restriction through tasks that compete with verbal activity regarding tasks, such aslinguistic interference, has not yet been systematically explored. Two experiments were conducted: the first one used first-order matching-to-sample tasks (FOMST) and the second used second-order matching-to-sample tasks (SOMST), aiming to evaluate the effect of a linguistic interference task on the acquisition of conditional discrimination and functional adjustment in transfer tests (extra-instance, extra-modal, extra-relational, and extra-dimensional). Both experiments used an n = 1 design. A total of 24 college students participated, 12 in each study, and the effects of two experimental conditions were tested(Interference and No Interference, with six participants in each condition per study). The findings suggest that interference inlinguistic contact does not affect the acquisition of CD in FOMST or in SOMST, but it does affect the adjustment in transfer tests. In these, differential effects, by type, were observed in FOMST and SOMST. more...
- Published
- 2017
13. Sexist beliefs of men in suspended sentence who have used violence against women in the couple
- Author
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Esther Rivas Rivero and Enrique Bonilla-Algovia
- Subjects
violence ,actitud ,Psychiatry and Mental health ,violencia ,Discriminación condicional ,attitude ,socialization ,Violência contra a mulher ,sexismo ,agressores ,socialização ,discriminación ,socialización ,General Psychology ,discrimination - Abstract
Resumen La violencia contra las mujeres en la pareja es un problema que afecta a la mayoría de las sociedades. Si bien se ha descrito a los hombres que ejercen esta violencia desde el punto de vista clínico, analizar la aceptación de las actitudes sexistas permitiría incorporar la influencia de otras variables contextúales que expliquen el fenómeno desde una perspectiva más amplia. En el presente trabajo se analiza, con una muestra de 121 hombres que han ejercido violencia contra las mujeres, la relación entre la percepción de la violencia como asunto privado y las actitudes sexistas. Los resultados muestran que quienes consideran que la violencia contra la pareja es un asunto privado obtienen puntuaciones más elevadas tanto en el componente hostil como en el benévolo, y que es en la dimensión hostil del sexismo donde se hallan mayores diferencias (t = 4.03; p = .000), con un tamaño del efecto alto (d = 0.75). Identificar la violencia contra las mujeres como un problema social y no como un asunto privado parece ser un paso relevante en las intervenciones para «construir las actitudes discriminatorias y erradicar la violencia hacia las mujeres. Abstract Intimate partner violence against women is a problem that affects most societies. Although men who perpetrate this violence have been described from a clinical point of view, analyzing the acceptance of sexist attitudes would make it possible to incorporate the influence of other contextual variables that explain the phenomenon from a broader perspective. In the present study, the relationship between the perception of violence as a private matter and sexist attitudes is analyzed with a sample of 121 men who have perpetrated violence against women. The results show that those who consider violence against the partner as a private matter obtain higher scores, both in the hostile and benevolent components, and that it is in the hostile dimension of sexism where the greatest differences are found (t = 4.03; p = .000), with a high effect size (d= .75). Identifying violence against women as a social problem and not as a private matter seems to be a relevant step in interventions to deconstruct discriminatory attitudes and eradicate violence against women. more...
- Published
- 2022
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
14. Discriminación condicional de dos opciones utilizando programas definidos temporalmente
- Author
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Mario Serrano, Rodrigo Sosa, Carlos Javier Flores Aguirre, and Carlos De Jesús Torres Ceja
- Subjects
discriminación condicional ,disponibilidad limitada de reforzamiento ,modalidad del estímulo ,programas definidos temporalmente ,apretar la palanca ,ratas ,Psychology ,BF1-990 - Abstract
En el contexto de algunas discrepancias experimentales sobre las contingencias de disponibilidad limitada de reforzamiento y el desarrollo del control del estímulo simple y condicional, se expuso a ratas a un procedimiento de discriminación condicional de dos opciones utilizando programas definidos temporalmente. Los subciclos tD y tΔ tuvieron 30 s de duración y las señales agregadas al subciclo tD fueron auditivas o visuales. Dentro de cada subciclo tD la primera respuesta en una de dos palancas disponibles produjo el reforzamiento, si y solo si la combinación señal-palanca igualó el arreglo predefinido experimentalmente. Excepto por una rata expuesta a señales auditivas, el porcentaje de respuestas correctas incrementó progresivamente a través de las sesiones. Adicionalmente, al final del experimento la frecuencia de respuestas durante el subciclo tD fue más elevada que durante el subciclo tΔ para todas las ratas. En línea con algunos de los estudios previos, los resultados confirman que las contingencias de disponibilidad limitada de reforzamiento no impiden el control del estímulo. Palabras clave: discriminación condicional, disponibilidad limitada de reforzamiento, modalidad del estímulo, programas definidos temporalmente, apretarla palanca, ratas. more...
- Published
- 2018
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
15. Feedback combinations and generalized matching-to-sample performance under familiar and unfamiliar stimuli and matching relations.
- Author
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SERRANO, MARIO and FLORES, CARLOS
- Published
- 2019
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
16. Discriminación condicional de dos opciones utilizando programas definidos temporalmente.
- Author
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Serrano, Mario, Sosa, Rodrigo, and Flores, Carlos
- Abstract
Copyright of Avances en PsicologÍa Latinoamericana is the property of Colegio Mayor de Nuestra Senora del Rosario and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) more...
- Published
- 2018
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17. Efectos de la interferencia lingüística en la adquisición y transferencia de discriminaciones condicionales con tareas de igualación de la muestra de primer y segundo orden.
- Author
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León, Alejandro, Zenteno, Carlos, Guzmán, Isiris, and Felipe Medina-Arboleda, Iván
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
18. Análises do matching de identidade generalizado por contingências de três e quatro termos: implicações para equivalência de estímulos
- Author
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Kátia Damiani, Maria Amélia Matos, and Gerson Yukio Tomanari
- Subjects
Igualación de identidad generalizada ,Discriminación condicional ,Triple contingencia ,Reflexividad ,Psychology ,BF1-990 - Abstract
A expansão da tríplice continência em unidades com quatro ou mais elementos abriu novas perspectivas para a compreensão de comportamentos complexos, como a emergência de respostas que derivam da formação de classes de estímulos equivalentes e que modelam comportamentos simbólicos e conceituais. Na investigação experimental, o procedimento de matching to sample tem sido frequentemente empregado para estabelecer discriminações condicionais. Em particular, a obtenção do matching de identidade generalizado é considerada demonstrativa da aquisição dos conceitos de igualdade e diferença. Segundo argumentamos, o fato de se buscar a compreensão desses conceitos a partir de processos discriminativos condicionais pode ter sido responsável pelos frequentes fracassos em demonstrá-los em sujeitos não humanos. A falta de correspondência entre os processos discriminativos responsáveis por estabelecer a relação de reflexividade entre estímulos que formam classes equivalentes e o matching de identidade generalizado, nesse sentido, é aqui revista ao longo de estudos empíricos e discutida com respeito às suas implicações. more...
- Published
- 2010
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
19. COMPARACIÓN DE MÉTODOS DE CORRECCIÓN DE ERRORES EN LA ADQUISICIÓN D DISCRIMINACIONES CONDICIONALES.
- Author
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Ruiz Pérez, María, Quesada Amor, Javier, García García, Andrés, and Gutiérrez Domínguez, María Teresa
- Abstract
Copyright of Mexican Journal of Behavioral Analysis / Revista Mexicana de Análisis de la Conducta is the property of Sociedad Mexicana de Analisis de la Conducta and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) more...
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
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20. REPORTE BREVE: DESEMPEÑO EN DISCRIMINACIÓN CONDICIONAL EN FUNCIÓN DEL AGUA, COMIDA Y DIMENSIÓN FÍSICA DE LAS SEÑALES.
- Author
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Serrano, Mario and Blanco, Selene
- Abstract
Copyright of Mexican Journal of Behavioral Analysis / Revista Mexicana de Análisis de la Conducta is the property of Sociedad Mexicana de Analisis de la Conducta and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) more...
- Published
- 2016
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- View/download PDF
21. El efecto de consecuencias diferenciales: un caso de investigación traslacional.
- Author
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MATEOS MORFÍN, LAURA REBECA and FLORES AGUIRRE, CARLOS JAVIER
- Subjects
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DISCRIMINATION learning , *TRANSLATIONAL research , *LEARNING , *MEMORY , *TRANSFER of training - Abstract
Translational research represents an effort to integrate the results derived from basic research in order to approach them to the applied field. This paper sets out the area of research in regards to the Differential Outcomes Effect (DOE) as a case of translational research, characterized by its contribution to conditional discrimination learning. A revision starting from several germinal works with laboratory animals and that moves into the first studies with humans. Afterwards, some studies that highlight the potential of the application of the Differential Outcomes Procedures (DOP) are revised as a tool for the treatment of persons with several ailments related to learning and memory deficits, as well as their application to the educational field under situations that involve conditional discrimination learning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
- Published
- 2016
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
22. Ajuste comportamental bajo diferentes condiciones de entrega de agua.
- Author
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Serrano, Mario
- Abstract
Copyright of Acta Comportamentalia is the property of Instituto de Psicologia y Educacion de la Universidad Veracruzana and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) more...
- Published
- 2016
23. EL PROCEDIMIENTO DE CONSECUENCIAS DIFERENCIALES Y LA RECUPERACIÓN DE INFORMACIÓN EN HUMANOS
- Author
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Javier Vila and Mucio Romero
- Subjects
Discriminación condicional ,consecuencias diferenciales ,recuperación de información ,intervalo de retención ,tarea de igualación a la muestra ,Psychology ,BF1-990 - Abstract
En el procedimiento de consecuencias diferenciales (PCD) a un organismo se le presenta un estímulo (E1) en cuya presencia se requiere una respuesta (R1), que produce un reforzador específico (r1), y en presencia de un segundo estímulo (E2), se requiere una segunda respuesta (R2), que produce un reforzador distinto (r2), lo que resulta en un incremento en la velocidad de adquisición y precisión final en tareas de discriminación condicional. Una explicación basada en una teoría de dos factores establece que el uso de consecuencias diferenciales involucra la activación de expectativas del reforzador a través de un mecanismo pavloviano, las cuales promueven la activación de un sistema de memoria implícita en la solución de tareas de discriminación condicional. De acuerdo con esto, la expectativa del reforzador es una señal que guía la respuesta del organismo. Recientemente se ha demostrado el efecto del PCD en situaciones donde lo que se aprende no se observa directamente, como sucede en la manipulación de un intervalo de retención en la interferencia retroactiva. more...
- Published
- 2005
24. AUTODISCRIMINACIÓN CONDICIONAL: LA AUTOCONSCIENCIA DESDE UN ENFOQUE CONDUCTISTA
- Author
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José Navarro Guzmán, Santiago Benjumea Rodríguez, and Andrés Pérez-Acosta
- Subjects
autoconciencia ,conductismo ,análisis de la conducta ,control de estímulos ,discriminación condicional ,autodiscriminación ,Psychology ,BF1-990 - Abstract
Introducimos en este artículo una versión conductista de la autoconsciencia, basada en el análisis experimental del comportamiento, la ciencia natural de la conducta de los organismos fundada por B. F. Skinner (1938). Aunque para Skinner, y para otros autores conductistas, la autoconsciencia es una forma especial de conducta verbal (y por tanto exclusivamente humana), planteamos que la autoconsciencia debe entenderse con un proceso más básico: la autodiscriminación condicional, que es un tipo de control de estímulos, en la cual el estímulo discriminativo es algún aspecto del mismo individuo (como su imagen física, sus estados internos, su propia conducta, etc.), asociado condicionalmente a estímulos arbitrarios (en el caso humano a las autoclíticas verbales). La capacidad de autodiscriminación condicional ha sido demostrada en otras especies, lo que nos sugiere que la autoconsciencia es una capacidad aprendida, más extendida a lo ancho de la naturaleza y a lo largo de la evolución. more...
- Published
- 2002
25. ENSINO DE LINGUAGEM RECEPTIVA PARA CRIANÇAS COM AUTISMO: COMPARANDO DOIS PROCEDIMENTOS.
- Author
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Oliveira Costa, Glaucy and de Souza, Carlos Barbosa Alves
- Abstract
Copyright of Acta Colombiana de Psicologia is the property of Universidad Catolica de Colombia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) more...
- Published
- 2015
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26. EFECTOS DE DIFERENTES TIPOS DE ENTRENAMIENTO EN EL APRENDIZAJE DE UNA DISCRIMINACIÓN CONDICIONAL.
- Author
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Rodríguez Pérez, María Elena, Silva Castillo, Luis Hernando, Bautista Castro, Luis René, and Peña Correal, Telmo Eduardo
- Subjects
GIVING & following of instructions ,EDUCATION methodology ,REWARDS & punishments in education ,COGNITIVE styles ,PSYCHOLOGY of students ,DIFFERENTIATION (Cognition) - Abstract
Copyright of Acta Colombiana de Psicologia is the property of Universidad Catolica de Colombia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) more...
- Published
- 2015
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27. MODO DE CONTACTO: EFECTO SOBRE LA ADQUISICIÓN Y TRANSFERENCIA DE UNA DISCRIMINACIÓN CONDICIONAL DE SEGUNDO ORDEN Y LA EMERGENCIA DE REGLAS.
- Author
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León, Alejandro
- Subjects
STIMULUS & response (Psychology) ,VERBAL conditioning ,MORPHOLOGY (Grammar) ,DESCRIPTION (Rhetoric) ,COLLEGE students - Abstract
Copyright of Acta Colombiana de Psicologia is the property of Universidad Catolica de Colombia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) more...
- Published
- 2015
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
28. EFECTOS DE VARIAR LA POSICIÓN ESPACIAL DE LOS ESTÍMULOS EN LA ADQUISICIÓN Y TRANSFERENCIA DE DISCRIMINACIONES CONDICIONALES EN HUMANOS.
- Author
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De la Sancha Villa, Enoc Obed, Guzmán-Díaz, Gelacio, and Serrano, Mario
- Subjects
STIMULUS & response (Psychology) ,CHANGE (Psychology) ,SPACE perception ,CONDITIONED response ,PSYCHOLOGICAL research - Abstract
Copyright of Acta Colombiana de Psicologia is the property of Universidad Catolica de Colombia and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) more...
- Published
- 2015
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
29. Failure to find symmetry in pigeons after multiple exemplar training.
- Author
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Gómez Bujedo, Jesús, García García, Andrés, and Pérez Fernández, Vicente
- Subjects
- *
SYMMETRY , *LEARNING in animals , *ANIMAL intelligence , *LEARNING , *BIRD behavior , *CONDITIONED response , *PIGEONS , *BIRDS - Abstract
Background: An experiment with pigeons was conducted for 46 months in order to test the multiple-exemplar training (MET) hypothesis of symmetry derivation. According to this hypothesis, symmetry is progressively derived after an extensive training of multiple examples of direct and inverse relations among arbitrary stimuli. Method: Four pigeons were given extensive training in direct (e.g., A1-B1; A2-B2) and inverse (e.g., B1-A1; B2-A2) arbitrary conditional discriminations. Once pigeons learned a complete reversal (e.g., AB and BA), a new reversal with different stimuli was trained (e.g., CD and DC, etc.). Subjects were assigned to two different stimulus sets, and sample-comparison order was counterbalanced. Results: Pigeons learned between 4 and 24 conditional discriminations, but none showed evidence of symmetry. Discriminability of samples and comparisons was identified as an i mportant factor because it affected direct and inverse discriminations differently. Conclusions: Despite the negative results reported, this study provides some insights that might help to improve current research on MET and symmetry: We describe some lessons learned about the design of long-term experiments involving a high number of stimuli and finally, we discuss some control strategies for stimulus discriminability that might also contribute to facilitate symmetry derivation in pigeons. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
- Published
- 2014
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
30. Propiedades fisicoquímicas versus lingüísticas en la adquisición y transferencia de discriminaciones condicionales por humanos.
- Author
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Guzmán-Díaz, Gelacio and Serrano, Mario
- Subjects
COLLEGE students ,ARITHMETIC ,GEOMETRIC approach ,GEOMETRY ,INTERBEHAVIORAL psychology - Abstract
Copyright of Acta Comportamentalia is the property of Instituto de Psicologia y Educacion de la Universidad Veracruzana and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) more...
- Published
- 2013
31. Efectos de tres tipos de entrega de agua sobre el ajuste comportamental.
- Author
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Serrano, Mario
- Subjects
WATER supply ,PSYCHOLOGICAL adaptation ,DISCRIMINATION (Sociology) ,LABORATORY rats ,WATER utilities ,CONDITIONED response - Abstract
Copyright of Acta Comportamentalia is the property of Instituto de Psicologia y Educacion de la Universidad Veracruzana and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) more...
- Published
- 2013
32. Efecto del tipo de instrucción sobre el informe verbal y la ejecución en niños y adultos.
- Author
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Hickman, Hortensia, Plancarte, Patricia Anabel, Moreno, Diana, Cepeda, María Luisa, and Arroyo, Rosalinda
- Subjects
- *
VERBAL behavior , *CHILD psychology , *AGE groups , *ADULTS , *BEHAVIORISM (Psychology) , *LINGUISTICS - Abstract
The purpose of this paper was to assess, in two age groups, the effects of three types of instructions on the report verbal and execution. Matching-to-sample task was used and in each trial a question of multiple choices were included to be selected by the participants. In the experimental groups instructions made reference to the dimensions of the stimuli, the execution, and the relations of conditionality, while the control groups only were exposed to the task without instructions. Differences were found in execution and tests between children and adults, and differences according to the type of instruction in children. Also the types of correspondences varied both among populations as between types of instruction. The data are discussed in terms of the functional relationship between the verbal and the non-verbal behavior and in terms of linguistic development qualitatively different among children and adults. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
- Published
- 2011
33. Ajuste del comportamiento bajo programas definidos temporalmente de diferente complejidad concurrentemente disponibles.
- Author
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Serrano, Mario, Castellanos, Brenda, Cortés-Zúñiga, Abril, De la Sancha Villa, Enoc Obed, and Guzmán-Díaz, Gelacio
- Subjects
LABORATORY rats ,INDEXES ,PSYCHOLOGY ,WATER ,CONTINGENT valuation ,EXPERIMENTS - Abstract
Copyright of Acta Comportamentalia is the property of Instituto de Psicologia y Educacion de la Universidad Veracruzana and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.) more...
- Published
- 2011
34. A discriminação condicional como método para ensinar crianças a ler em situação coletiva de sala de aula.
- Author
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Medeiros, José Gonçalves
- Subjects
- *
TEACHING methods , *CLASSROOM environment , *PUBLIC schools , *GENERALIZATION , *ASSIMILATION (Sociology) , *CONDITIONED response - Abstract
The project aimed: 1. to teach a reading repertoire composed of words commonly used in the initial series, but related to each other; and 2. to create and systematize a collective teaching system based on a single-subject system. The subjects were 24 children, of both sexes, from a public school. The procedure was the conditional discrimination, used to gradually increase their ability to pair models and comparison stimuli, through a sequence of teaching steps. The teaching was carried out collectively, but the tests were administered individually. Because of the difficulty in establishing unified performance criteria to the whole class two groups -- one collective and the other individual -- were formed. Children of both groups read the words that had been taught, but only the children of the collective group were able to read the generalization words. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
- Published
- 2011
35. Probabilidad de reforzamiento diferencial y no diferencial en una tarea de discriminación condicional.
- Author
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JAVIER FLORES-AGUIRRE, CARLOS and MATEOS-MORFÍN, REBECA
- Subjects
- *
OPERANT conditioning , *OPERANT conditioning theory , *CONDITIONED response , *REINFORCEMENT (Psychology) , *LABORATORY rats , *ANIMAL experimentation - Abstract
Using a conditional discrimination task, the correct responses for a group of rats (DO) were reinforced with different probabilities (0.8 versus 0.4) depending the conditional cue; whereas for another group (NDO) the correct responses were reinforced with the same probability of reinforcement (0.6). After the training (acquisition), the retention interval and the delay of reinforcement were introduced in different phases. The subjects trained with differential outcomes (DO) had a faster acquisition and reached higher discrimination index than non-differential group (NDO). The retention interval results in lower discrimination index in NDO group than in DO group; no differential changes in accuracy were observed by the delay of reinforcement. The results extend the differential outcomes effect to a two-choice conditional discrimination task with rats varying the probability of reinforcement. The absence of delay of reinforcement effect is discussed. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
- Published
- 2010
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
36. Textos descriptivos de contingencia y retroalimentación en igualación de la muestra por humanos.
- Author
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Vargas, Mario Serrano, García, Gustavo, and López, Alfredo
- Subjects
- *
COLLEGE student attitudes , *CONDITIONED response , *REACTION time , *PSYCHOLOGICAL feedback , *PSYCHOLOGY - Abstract
Three groups of college students were exposed to a second-order matching-to-sample task and three transfer tests. The difference between groups consisted in the functional complexity of a contingency-descriptive text added to the feedback of performance during training. For one group, contingency-descriptive texts referred to pertinent matching instances. For the other two groups, texts referred to pertinent matching modalities and relations, respectively. Texts that referred to matching instances produced the highest percentage of correct responses during training. Texts that referred to matching modalities produced the highest percentage of correct responses during transfer tests. Texts that referred matching relations produced the lowest percentage of correct responses. These results are discussed in relation to comparable studies and the effects of partial and delayed feedback in matching-to-sample tasks. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
- Published
- 2010
37. Manutenção de classes de estímulos equivalentes: um estudo com alunos do ensino fundamental.
- Author
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Omote, Leila Cristina Ferreira, Vicente, Priscila, Aggio, Natalia Maria, and Haydu, Verônica Bender
- Subjects
- *
SCHOOL administration , *CLASS size , *CLASSES (Groups of students) , *AVERSIVE stimuli , *HIGH school students , *SECONDARY education - Abstract
The maintenance of equivalence classes is affected by many experimental variables. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of classes size on the formation and maintenance of the equivalence relations with students of the Fundamental School (9 to 14 age old), controlling the numbers of trials in the tests during the teaching of the stimuli relations. The matching-to-sample procedure was used to teach 3 sets of 3 equivalence classes with 3, 4 or 5 stimuli, depending of the group. From the 14 participants selected, only 9 completed al the phases of the procedure. Of these nine participants all of them demonstrated equivalence class formation and in the maintenance test, 1, 2 and 2 participants continued to show more than 90% of correct responses, when classes had 3, 4 or 5 stimuli, respectively. It was concluded that class size did not affected the formation of equivalence classes, but it was a small effect on the class maintenance. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
- Published
- 2009
38. FACILITACIÓN DE RELACIONES BIDIRECCIONALES EN PALOMAS USANDO UNA TAREA DE TRANSFERENCIA TRAS ENTRENAMIENTO EN DISCRIMINACIÓN DE LA PROPIA CONDUCTA.
- Author
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García, Andrés and Benjumea, Santiago
- Subjects
- *
PIGEON behavior , *EXPERIMENTS , *CONDITIONED response , *ANIMAL training , *BEHAVIOR modification - Abstract
An experiment was carried out in which 10 pigeons were trained in a task of conditional discrimination of their own behavior. The birds learned that when the sample had consisted on responding to the left (right) with two white keys, they should choose the red (green) comparison to be reinforced. Once the animals had learned this task, they were passed to a test phase. In short, 5 pigeons were trained in a positive transfer, where the sample was now the red (green) key they had to choose the left (right) comparison to obtain the reinforcer. On the contrary, the other 5 pigeons received a training of negative transfer, where the task consisted in that with a red (green) sample they should choose the right (left) comparison to be reinforced. The obtained data indicate that the performance of those subjects of the group in which there was coherence among the phases went superior to that of those subjects of the group where there was not this coherence. The results are interpreted in connection with the importance that the discrimination of the own behavior has in the derivation of bidirectional relationships. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
- Published
- 2007
39. EFECTOS EN LA EJECUCIÓN DURANTE UNA TAREA DE IGUALACIÓN A LA MUESTRA SEGÚN EL TIPO Y EL ORDEN DE EXPOSICIÓN A LAS PRUEBAS DE TRANSFERENCIA.
- Author
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Hurtado-Parrado, Camilo, Ángel Robayo, Miguel, and Peña-Correal, Telmo Eduardo
- Subjects
- *
TRANSFERENCE (Psychology) , *PSYCHOANALYSIS , *COLLEGE students , *BEHAVIORAL research , *PERFORMANCE - Abstract
This study evaluated the effects of manipulating the type and order of presentation of transference tests. Twenty eight undergraduate students divided in 4 groups were exposed to a second order matching to sample procedure. The conditions of exposition were: ascending difficulty/complexity order of the tests, descending order and two randomly assigned orders. Results are discussed in terms of percentages of effectiveness; additionally, the latency is proposed as an alternative measure sensitive to the level of difficulty of this kind of tasks. Findings showed heterogeneity in the velocity of acquisition of the conditional discriminations during the training phase, even though the conditions of the task were equal for all the subjects. The exposition to the ascending and descending order seemed to affect negatively the effective behavioral adjustment, whereas one of the randomly assigned sequences seemed to be the best condition. The order of exposition to transference tests, in interaction with a history of early acquisition in the training phase, served to understand the findings of this study and to discuss the necessity of a systematical evaluation of the factors implied in the transference tests. It is suggested to assess the validity of different kind of transference tests and the convenience of some of them to be use in the investigation of the phenomena related to the effective and variable behavior. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
- Published
- 2007
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
40. Discriminación condicional de la propia conducta en palomas: el papel de la longitud de la conducta-muestra.
- Author
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García, Andrés Garcís and Rodríguez, Santiago Benjumea
- Subjects
- *
PIGEONS , *TRAINING , *DISCRIMINATION (Sociology) , *CONDITIONED response , *BEHAVIOR - Abstract
Pigeons were trained on a procedure of conditional discrimination using the space location of their behavior as samples. There were three experimental conditions based on the number of responses demanded as sample. The subjects of «one response group» had to choose between a red or green key (comparison component) after the emission of a single response to the left or right white keys (sample component). In the «five responses group», the sample of own's behavior to discriminate was increased up to 5 consecutive responses. In the «zero responses group», pigeons were trained on a similar task, but discriminating the space location of the one lighted white-key (right or left) being prevented to give differential responses to that exteroceptive sample (DRO contingency). The results are discussed in relation to the possible importance of the number of emitted responses to sample in the procedures of own's one behavior discrimination, as well as the competitive paper that the exteroceptive cues could play with respect to the propioceptive cues coming from the own's subject behavior. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR] more...
- Published
- 2006
41. COMPARACIÓN DE MÉTODOS DE CORRECCIÓN DE ERRORES EN LA ADQUISICIÓN DE DISCRIMINACIONES CONDICIONALES
- Author
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María Ruiz Pérez, Andrés García García, María Teresa Gutiérrez Domínguez, Javier Quesada Amor, and Universidad de Sevilla. Departamento de Psicología Experimental
- Subjects
Aprendizaje ,Conditional discrimination ,Discriminación condicional ,Corrección ,Velocidad de adquisición ,Correction ,Learning ,Experimental and Cognitive Psychology ,Acquisition speed ,Applied Psychology - Abstract
El objetivo del estudio fue comparar diferentes métodos de corrección de errores en una tarea de discriminación condicional, en participantes de diferentes grupos de edad (7-8, 10-11, 15-16 y 19-20 años), para determinar el tipo de corrección más eficaz en el aprendizaje. Se diseñó un experimento en el que se usó una tarea de igualación a la muestra de primer orden. En la tarea, cuatro letras latinas funcionaron como estímulo muestra, y cuatro símbolos chinos funcionaron como estímulos de comparación. En caso de error en la respuesta de los participantes, se utilizó uno de los tipos de corrección contemplados en esta investigación: castigo positivo, seguimiento de regla, corrección llevada a la muestra y corrección llevada a las comparaciones. Además, se contó con un grupo control, que no recibió ninguna corrección ante los errores. Se contabilizó el número de ensayos necesarios para aprender la tarea. Los resultados mostraron diferencias entre los grupos que recibieron corrección con respecto al que no, siendo la ejecución peor en este último. Además, se encontró que la corrección con castigo positivo ralentizó el aprendizaje de la tarea. Los resultados resaltan la importancia del uso de corrección diferente del castigo positivo en las tareas de discriminación condicional. The aim of the study was to compare different methods of error correction in a conditional discrimination task presented to subjects of different age groups (7-8, 10-11, 15-16 and 19-20 years) to determine the most effective type of learning correction by this method. A first-order matching-to-sample task was used. In this task four Latin letters functioned as sample stimuli, and four Chinese symbols functioned as comparison stimuli. Whenever an error occurred, one of four types of correction was used: positive punishment, rule following, correction applied to sample and correction applied to comparisons. In addition, participants in a control group did not receive any correction following errors. The number of trials required for each participant to learn the task was analyzed. Differences in the execution between the groups that received different correction procedures revealed that performance was worse in the group that did not receive correction. Additionally, the number of trials required to learn the task was higher with positive punishment. The results emphasize the importance of use of correction procedures in conditional discrimination tasks. more...
- Published
- 2017
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
42. FACILITATION OF BI-DIRECTIONAL RELATIONSHIPS IN PIGEONS USING A TRANSFER TASK AFTER TRAINING IN DISCRIMINATION OF OWN BEHAVIOR
- Author
-
GARCÍA, ANDRÉS and BENJUMEA, SANTIAGO
- Subjects
control de estímulos ,respuesta diferencial ,stimulus control ,lcsh:Psychology ,discriminación condicional ,simetría ,lcsh:BF1-990 ,pigeons ,differential response ,palomas ,symmetry ,conditional discrimination - Abstract
Se llevó a cabo un experimento en el que diez palomas fueron entrenadas en una tarea de discriminación condicional de su propia conducta. Los sujetos aprendían que cuando la muestra había consistido en responder a la izquierda (derecha) ante dos teclas blancas, debían elegir la comparación roja (verde) para ser reforzados. Una vez que los animales habían aprendido esta tarea, se les pasaba a una fase de prueba. En concreto, cinco palomas fueron entrenadas en una transferencia positiva, ya que si la muestra era ahora la tecla roja (verde) tenían que elegir la comparación izquierda (derecha) para llegar al reforzador. Por el contrario, las otras cinco palomas recibían un entrenamiento de transferencia negativa, ya que la tarea consistía en que ante una muestra roja (verde) debían elegir la comparación derecha (izquierda) para ser reforzados. Los datos obtenidos indican que la ejecución de los sujetos del grupo en el que había coherencia entre las fases fue superior a la de los sujetos del grupo en el que no había dicha coherencia. Los resultados son interpretados en relación con la importancia que la discriminación de la propia conducta tiene en la derivación de relaciones bidireccionales. An experiment was carried out in which 10 pigeons were trained in a task of conditional discrimination of their own behavior. The birds learned that when the sample had consisted on responding to the left (right) with two white keys, they should choose the red (green) comparison to be reinforced. Once the animals had learned this task, they were passed to a test phase. In short, 5 pigeons were trained in a positive transfer, where the sample was now the red (green) key they had to choose the left (right) comparison to obtain the reinforcer. On the contrary, the other 5 pigeons received a training of negative transfer, where the task consisted in that with a red (green) sample they should choose the right (left) comparison to be reinforced. The obtained data indicate that the performance of those subjects of the group in which there was coherence among the phases went superior to that of those subjects of the group where there was not this coherence. The results are interpreted in connection with the importance that the discrimination of the own behavior has in the derivation of bidirectional relationships. more...
- Published
- 2007
43. El procedimiento de consecuencias diferenciales y la recuperación de información en humanos
- Author
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Romero, Mucio and Vila, Javier
- Subjects
Discriminación condicional ,consecuencias diferenciales ,lcsh:Psychology ,tarea de igualación a la muestra ,lcsh:BF1-990 ,intervalo de retención ,recuperación de información ,Psicología - Abstract
En el procedimiento de consecuencias diferenciales (PCD) a un organismo se le presenta un estímulo (E1) en cuya presencia se requiere una respuesta (R1), que produce un reforzador específico (r1), y en presencia de un segundo estímulo (E2), se requiere una segunda respuesta (R2), que produce un reforzador distinto (r2), lo que resulta en un incremento en la velocidad de adquisición y precisión final en tareas de discriminación condicional. Una explicación basada en una teoría de dos factores establece que el uso de consecuencias diferenciales involucra la activación de expectativas del reforzador a través de un mecanismo pavloviano, las cuales promueven la activación de un sistema de memoria implícita en la solución de tareas de discriminación condicional. De acuerdo con esto, la expectativa del reforzador es una señal que guía la respuesta del organismo. Recientemente se ha demostrado el efecto del PCD en situaciones donde lo que se aprende no se observa directamente, como sucede en la manipulación de un intervalo de retención en la interferencia retroactiva. more...
- Published
- 2005
44. AUTODISCRIMINACIÓN CONDICIONAL: LA AUTOCONSCIENCIA DESDE UN ENFOQUE CONDUCTISTA
- Author
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Pérez-Acosta, Andrés, Benjumea Rodríguez, Santiago, and Navarro Guzmán, José
- Subjects
autoconciencia ,control de estímulos ,lcsh:Psychology ,autodiscriminación ,discriminación condicional ,análisis de la conducta ,lcsh:BF1-990 ,conductismo - Abstract
Introducimos en este artículo una versión conductista de la autoconsciencia, basada en el análisis experimental del comportamiento, la ciencia natural de la conducta de los organismos fundada por B. F. Skinner (1938). Aunque para Skinner, y para otros autores conductistas, la autoconsciencia es una forma especial de conducta verbal (y por tanto exclusivamente humana), planteamos que la autoconsciencia debe entenderse con un proceso más básico: la autodiscriminación condicional, que es un tipo de control de estímulos, en la cual el estímulo discriminativo es algún aspecto del mismo individuo (como su imagen física, sus estados internos, su propia conducta, etc.), asociado condicionalmente a estímulos arbitrarios (en el caso humano a las autoclíticas verbales). La capacidad de autodiscriminación condicional ha sido demostrada en otras especies, lo que nos sugiere que la autoconsciencia es una capacidad aprendida, más extendida a lo ancho de la naturaleza y a lo largo de la evolución. more...
- Published
- 2002
45. EFECTOS DE VARIAR LA POSICIÓN ESPACIAL DE LOS ESTÍMULOS EN LA ADQUISICIÓN Y TRANSFERENCIA DE DISCRIMINACIONES CONDICIONALES EN HUMANOS
- Author
-
Enoc Obed de la Sancha Villa, Gelacio Guzmán-Díaz, and Mario Serrano
- Subjects
Variación espacial ,discriminación condicional ,transferencia ,igualación a la muestra ,humanos ,Psychology ,BF1-990 - Abstract
Se evaluaron los efectos de variar la posición espacial de los estímulos de muestra y de comparación de una tarea de igualación a la muestra sobre la adquisición y transferencia intramodal y extramodal de discriminaciones condicionales por humanos. En el estudio participaron tres grupos de estudiantes universitarios. Entre grupos, las cuatro relaciones de igualación entrenadas se correlacionaron diferencialmente con cuatro posiciones espaciales de los estímulos de comparación (Grupo 1), con cuatro posiciones espaciales de los estímulos de muestra (Grupo 2) o bien con cuatro figuras geométricas (Grupo 3). La ejecución en las pruebas de transferencia intramodal y extramodal fue superior al criterio de ejecución preestablecido experimentalmente para la mayoría de los participantes del Grupo 1. En los otros dos grupos únicamente la mitad de los participantes alcanzó una ejecución similar. Estos resultados concuerdan con la clasificación de los casos paradigmáticos de la función selectora de la propuesta taxonómica de Ribes y López (1985) y sugieren un efecto positivo de la variabilidad en las condiciones de entrenamiento sobre la transferencia de la ejecución. more...
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
46. ENSINO DE LINGUAGEM RECEPTIVA PARA CRIANÇAS COM AUTISMO: COMPARANDO DOIS PROCEDIMENTOS
- Author
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Glaucy Oliveira Costa and Carlos Barbosa Alves de Souza
- Subjects
autismo ,lenguaje receptivo ,discriminación simple ,discriminación condicional ,Psychology ,BF1-990 - Abstract
Este trabalho comparou a eficiência de um treino de Discriminação Simples-Condicional (DSC), que empregou blocos de tentativas e três estímulos desde o seu início, com a do treino de Discriminação Condicional (DC), no ensino de linguagem receptiva para três crianças com autismo. Com cada criança foram treinadas nove relações palavra falada-figura em cada tipo de treino. O treino DSC consistiu na redução gradual de tentativas por bloco (de seis blocos de três tentativas, na Fase 1 para nove blocos de duas tentativas, na Fase 2), até sua randomização total, na Fase 3. O treino DC foi idêntico à Fase 3 de DSC, porém com outros estímulos. O treino DC se mostrou mais eficiente para o estabelecimento da linguagem receptiva, mas o treino DSC foi mais efetivo para a manutenção do repertório. Discutem-se as implicações desses resultados para a área aplicada e direções para novos estudos. more...
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
47. Combinaciones de retroalimentación e igualación de la muestra generalizada bajo estímulos y relaciones de igualación familiares y no familiares
- Author
-
Mario Serrano and Carlos Flores
- Subjects
control abstracto del estímulo ,discriminación condicional ,igualación de la muestra generalizada ,humanos ,Psychology ,BF1-990 - Abstract
Resumen Seis grupos de estudiantes de preparatoria se expusieron a una tarea de igualación de la muestra de segundo orden y a pruebas de generalización con estímulos familiares y no familiares, así como con una nueva relación de igualación. Para dos grupos, las respuestas de igualación correctas e incorrectas produjeron la retroalimentación correspondiente de acuerdo con un programa continuo y uno intermitente, respectivamente. Las respuestas correctas produjeron retroalimentación y las respuestas incorrectas produjeron pantallas en blanco y viceversa para otros dos grupos, respectivamente. Dos grupos adicionales estuvieron expuestos a combinaciones similares de retroalimentación y pantallas en blanco, pero se instruyó a los participantes sobre el “significado” de las pantallas antes del entrenamiento. Se observó igualación de la muestra generalizada extra-relacional con estímulos familiares o no familiares solo después de las condiciones de entrenamiento en las que se programó retroalimentación intermitente Correcto-Incorrecto, así como cuando las respuestas de igualación incorrectas produjeron pantallas en blanco y las respuestas correctas produjeron la retroalimentación correspondiente. Las instrucciones sobre el significado de las pantallas en blanco produjeron ejecuciones generalizadas ligeramente superiores a las observadas después de la retroalimentación continua Correcto-Incorrecto, las cuales a su vez fueron similares a las ejecuciones observadas después de la condición Correcto-Pantalla en blanco, sin instrucción. Los resultados confirman una tendencia inicial a tratar las pantallas en blanco como retroalimentación para respuestas correctas y sugieren un proceso común de “desligamiento” entre la retroalimentación intermitente y la retroalimentación Incorrecto-Pantalla en blanco. more...
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
48. EFECTOS DE DIFERENTES TIPOS DE ENTRENAMIENTO EN EL APRENDIZAJE DE UNA DISCRIMINACIÓN CONDICIONAL
- Author
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María Elena Rodríguez Pérez, Luis Hernando Silva Castillo, Luis René Bautista Castro, and Telmo Eduardo Peña Correal
- Subjects
discriminación condicional ,modelado ,retroalimentación ,instrucciones ,conducta mediada lingüísticamente ,Psychology ,BF1-990 - Abstract
Se diseñó un experimento para analizar el papel funcional de la retroalimentación, las instrucciones y la observación de un modelo aprendiz empleando una tarea de igualación a la muestra de segundo orden. Treinta y nueve estudiantes se asignaron aleatoriamente a uno de los tres grupos experimentales que difirieron en el entrenamiento: exposición directa a la tarea, observación de un modelo aprendiz (confederado), o uso de instrucciones precisas sobre los criterios de igualación. A algunos participantes se les ofreció un incentivo económico por su participación. Se encontró que las instrucciones precisas promovieron un aprendizaje más acelerado en comparación con los otros tipos de entrenamiento. El empleo del incentivo económico tuvo un efecto diferencial según el tipo de entrenamiento; hizo que los participantes tuvieran un mejor desempeño en la condición de observación del modelo aprendiz, pero no influyó en los otros tipos de entrenamiento. Estos resultados sugieren que el incentivo puede operar como un factor motivacional o disposicional, dado que afecta la probabilidad del establecimiento del control abstracto del estímulo. more...
- Full Text
- View/download PDF
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