Search

Since the 1990s, rumours of a European Super League (ESL), comprised of the major clubs from England, France, Germany, Italy, and Spain, have mounted. According to these rumours, this new league would break away from the Union of European Football Associations (UEFA). Many clubs would operate outside the current European federative system, abandoning their national leagues and football federations. An ESL thus conceived would present a menacing alternative to the UEFA Champions League (UCL) and, depending on the format of the ESL, national competitions such as leagues and cups. In this article, we draw on literature in the fields of philosophy and sport law to identify legal and ethical challenges that would result from creating an ESL. Our goal is not to provide exhaustive analyses of the identified challenges. Rather, we aim to examine the challenges to uncover intersections among sport law, sport ethics, and European football. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

After two years of discussions and revisions, the World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA) published the 2021 World Anti-Doping Code on June 16, 2020. Among the most significant additions to this iteration of the Code was the inclusion of new categories of athletes subject to differential treatment by WADA, including the "protected person" category. In this paper, we examine the recent case of figure skater Kamila Valeryevna Valieva, the first athlete given differential treatment due to her being categorized as a "protected person." We apply a relational justice framework to the case to provide a nuanced, descriptive analysis of the case generally, and the application of the "protected person" category in particular.We first describe details of the athlete, her performances and anti-doping rule violation, and the "protected person" category, to provide context. We then describe and analyze the relations between several institutional actors, principally WADA and the International Court for the Arbitration of Sport (CAS), the athlete and her team, and other figure skating athletes at the Beijing Winter Olympic Games. To do so, we use two concepts of justice, conservative and ideal, and their component parts, entitlement, desert, and need.Our description and analyses demonstrate that (1) WADA's notions of justice are essentially conservative, while CAS acted toward more ideal notions, creating a fundamental disagreement in what was owed and to whom. We show (2) that CAS' decision may have nonetheless caused harm to the athlete, raising questions about the efficacy and capability of the "protected person" category. Finally, (3) our analyses show the influence that notions of justice necessarily have these actors shape each other, thus change the sporting institutions and activities themselves. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this article, we examine scholarly analyses of justice and develop a framework that can help assess the claims from the parties in the Russian state-led doping scandal, including, but not limited to, Russian athletes, non-Russian athletes, the World Anti-Doping Agency, and sport governing bodies. The two key components of this justice framework are pluralism and relationality/contextuality. We argue that a justice framework built upon these elements better captures the nature of justice. We conclude that no party in the Russian state-led doping case has exclusive access to justice. Rather, all the parties have legitimate calls for justice against one another. Thus, the administration of justice will fail to serve justice, in its different meanings, for all parties. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article offers a corpus linguistics methodology (i.e., guiding the collection of language-based qualitative data, queried with both qualitative and quantitative methods, and mixed analytical approaches) as a unique and practical advance in the conversion mixed methods design. The conversion mixed methods design takes qualitative or quantitative data, and reforms, queries, or analyzes that data using a converse qualitative, quantitative, or mixed method. I argue that the design is uniquely suited to maximize the interlinking of language-based data within strands, as well as in cross-strand comparison. The article focuses on several concepts in corpus linguistics, specifically collocation (i.e., multiple words appearing together), semantic preference (i.e., the tendency of those words to appear in certain contexts), and semantic prosody (i.e., the sociocultural meaning of those words in that context), and covers both conceptual background and procedures for carrying out analyses. Further, the approach demonstrates the utility of more fluid design description by focusing on the timing and purpose of integration. I articulate this argument by outlining a study on the opioid epidemic in elderly health services in rural Pennsylvania, with the help of a zipper metaphor to describe the design. The article concludes with a discussion of the value of this advanced design to mixed methods researchers representing the social sciences outside of linguistics-centered disciplines, at a methodological level, as well as the ready availability of tools that allow researchers to instrumentalize the design. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Language planning is influenced by ideological stances, and exports those ideologies through the policy making process. Residing beneath policy documents lies a language policy of the texts themselves, policing their structure and linguistic forms by which ideologies are managed. Thus, a careful collection of such documents should offer rich grounds for analysis, to leverage claims of ideology against empirically founded patterns, and offer rigorous comparison across actors, genres, and policy areas. We conducted a corpus-driven exploration of all bills from Congressional sessions 113 to 115 (33,968 documents, 85,612,752 words), and describe the collocational character of U.S. language policy, the semantic preferences of those collocations, and discuss the exposed ideological structure of these bills. By utilizing such a large corpus, this study responds to two issues in corpus-aided language policy analysis: (1) a paucity of very large corpora analyses; (2) further utilizes corpus-driven methods to naively investigate ideologies in status planning. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

This article develops an integrative mixed methods framework grounded in stancetaking as the originary act through which qualitative interview and quantitative survey data are generated. The article examines how the basics of 'everyday' social stance—evaluation, positioning, and alignment within a sociocultural field—are strategically manipulated by social scientists in the twinned conditions of the interview and the survey. Relative to interview data, we demonstrate how participants link their stancetaking to wider sociocultural frames via the discursive devices of indexicality, accounting practices, and appeal to norms. Relative to survey data, we show how participants construct a 'public' via their engagement in the survey task, and how their stancetaking on survey items is virtually equivalent to 'votes' that are later aggregated to create second-order group-level stances. Mixed methods researchers then transform both qualitative and quantitative first-order stances into second-order stances that serve to describe and model social life. (Mixed methods, discourse devices, indexicality, normativity, interview, survey) [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

1. Describe unique barriers that Chinese North American patients with advanced cancer face in expressing emotions and discussing future planning. 2. Identify empathic opportunities (ie, topics associated with emotional expression) during care planning discussions with Chinese North American patients. Recognizing emotions in intercultural contexts represents a core competency in palliative care. Yet, a paucity of literature describes the types, patterns, and contexts of patient-expressed emotions during high-stakes conversations with patients from linguistically marginalized communities. We sought to address this gap by analyzing the emotional content during care planning conversations with Chinese patients with advanced cancer and their caregivers. We conducted a secondary analysis of 22 semistructured interviews of Chinese patients (n=20) with metastatic cancer and their caregivers (n=8) recruited at one American comprehensive cancer centre. Informed by the Empathic Communication Coding System and existing literature, we conducted template analysis to code the transcripts for patients' and caregivers' expressed emotions. We also thematically analyzed the patterns and contexts in which emotions arose. Participants were middle-aged (55.6±13.5 years), born in China (89.3%), 60.7% female, 85.7% partnered/married, and 89.3% college educated. Most of the interviews were conducted with patients alone (72.7%). Happiness was the most prevalent emotion (62%) followed by gratitude (43%), fear (43%), sadness (38%), anger (14%), surprise (14%), and humour (5%). When a caregiver was present, the interviews trended toward lower frequency of emotional expression. Regarding intensity, only one instance (anger) was categorized as most severe. Regarding context, emotions were only expressed in discussions about the past or present. Specifically, participants expressed positive emotions when discussing clinician attributes, symptom relief, and immigration to North America. Participants expressed negative emotions when discussing burdensome symptoms, diagnostic journey, the COVID-19 pandemic, and experiences with linguistic or cultural discordance. Emotional expression during high-stakes care planning conversations with Chinese patients and caregivers may be infrequent and grounded in social, topical, and temporal context. Future work is necessary to understand how clinicians could best respond to distressing emotions during naturally occurring palliative care conversations with Chinese patients and their caregivers. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]