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In this study, it was aimed to predict elementary education teacher candidates' achievements in "Science and Technology Education I and II" courses by using artificial neural networks. It was also aimed to show the independent variables importance in the prediction. In the data set used in this study, variables of gender, type of education, field of study in high school and transcript information of 14 courses including end-of-term letter grades were collected. The fact that the artificial neural network performance in this study was R=0.84 for the Science and Technology Education I course, and R=0.84 for the Science and Technology Education II course shows that the network performance overlaps with the findings obtained from the related studies.

Copyright of Architecture & Life Journal / Kocaeli Üniversitesi Mimarlık ve Yaşam Dergisi is the property of Architecture & Life Journal / Kocaeli Universitesi Mimarllik ve Yasam Dergisi and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This study predicts the number of correct answers given by pre-service classroom teachers in Civil Servant Recruitment Examination's (CSRE) educational sciences test based on their high school grade point averages, university entrance scores, and grades (mid-term and final exams) from their undergraduate educational courses. This study was therefore designed by using a general survey model. The participants were 219 graduates of the departments of classroom teacher education from the education faculties of two different state universities. Artificial neural networks (ANNs) were used to predict the numbers of correct answers from the CSRE educational sciences test. As a result of different trials, the correlation between the predicted and actual numbers of correct answers was examined, and 10 ANN models were included in the study. Statistically, significant positive correlations were found between the numbers of correct answers predicted by the ANN and the students' actual correct answers in the CSRE. The highest loading was r = 0.63 (p < 0.01), and the lowest was r = 0.43 (p < 0.05).

The current study investigated which dimensions of scientific process are capitalized on by elementary school third graders to explain the concept of science at conceptual level. The study was conducted by using "Basic Qualitative Research", one of the qualitative research approaches with the participation of 225 elementary school third graders. Totally 46 codes used by the students to explain the concept of science were formed and these codes were classified under seven themes. At the end of the study, it was concluded that the students mostly used the codes classified under the theme of scientific process to explain the concept of science. The findings of the study are believed to make some important contributions to the development of the teaching program of the Science Course to be given to elementary school third grade as of 2014-2015 school year and to the implementation of this program by eliciting the current state of students.

Copyright of Mehmet Akif Ersoy University Journal of Education Faculty is the property of Mehmet Akif Ersoy Universitesi Egitim Fakultesi Dergisi and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Simple Summary: Individuals with cancer often experience a significant incidence of low skeletal muscle mass. This prospective cohort study, conducted between 2018 and 2020 in cancer patients undergoing anthracycline-based chemotherapy, aimed to explore the association between low skeletal muscle mass, measured by computed tomography (CT) and ultrasound (US), and hematologic toxicity. Regional muscle measurements were carried out using US, and hematologic adverse events were graded using the Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events (CTCAE) v5.0. Results showed that low rectus femoris (RF) muscle thickness, determined by specific threshold values, significantly increased the incidence of grade ≥ 3 neutropenia. Regression analysis confirmed that low RF muscle thickness independently increased the risk of grade 3–4 neutropenia, irrespective of age, gender, and body mass index. This study suggests that utilizing US for measuring RF muscle thickness can help identify cancer patients at a higher risk of developing neutropenia, enabling more vigilant monitoring and timely implementation of supportive measures in clinical practice. The objective of this study was to explore the possible association between low skeletal muscle mass (SMM)—assessed by computed tomography (CT) and ultrasound (US)—and hematologic toxicity in cancer patients. A prospective cohort study was conducted in cancer patients who received anthracycline-based chemotherapy between 2018 and 2020 and who had baseline abdominal CT including L3 level for measuring SMM. Regional muscle measurements were carried out using US. A total of 65 patients (14 males, 51 females) were included. ROC (receiver operating characteristic) analysis identified threshold values of 18.0 mm [AUC (area under the curve) = 0.765] for females and 20.0 mm (AUC = 0.813) for males, predicting severe neutropenia. Using these cut-offs, females with low rectus femoris (RF) thickness (<18.0 mm) had a significantly higher incidence of grade ≥3 neutropenia (50.0% vs. 10.8%, p = 0.005), and males with low RF values (<20.0 mm) had a higher incidence (80.0% vs. 22.2%, p = 0.063). A regression analysis, irrespective of age, gender, and body mass index, revealed that only low RF muscle thickness increased the risk of grade 3–4 neutropenia by 9.210 times (95% CI = 2.401–35.326, p = 0.001). Utilizing US to measure RF muscle thickness aids in identifying cancer patients at an elevated risk of developing neutropenia. Needless to say, US can serve as a convenient and easily accessible tool for assessing low SMM, providing repeat point-of-care evaluations in clinical practice. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objectives: Non-metastatic esophageal squamous cell carcinoma (ESCC) patients are treated with neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (CRT) followed by surgery. Older patients may have treatment-related toxicity at higher rates. We presented our experience regarding CRT followed by surgery on survival in older ESCC patients. Methods: Older ESCC patients diagnosed between 2009-2021 were included. Overall survival (OS) estimates were calculated by Kaplan-Meier analyses and compared by Log-rank tests. Effects of ECOG performance status and age groups on survival were also presented. Results: A total of 66 older ESCC patients were included. The median duration of follow-up was 62.3 months. The median OS of patients who were treated with surgery was significantly higher than those who were treated with CRT alone (48+, CI 95%: - vs. 14.1 months, CI 95%: 9.3-18.8, respectively, p=0.005). The median OS of patients who underwent surgery was significantly higher after adjusting by ECOG performance status and age groups than those who were treated with CRT alone (adjusted p=0.008 for ECOG and adjusted p=0.011 for age groups at diagnosis). Conclusion: Surgery after CRT improves survival in older ESCC patients compared to CRT alone. Therefore, surgery should not be avoided in older patients solely due to patient age. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Background: Malnutrition is a frequent issue in esophageal cancer (EC). The Controlling Nutritional Status (CONUT) Score has been established as a prognostic indicator in EC patients who underwent surgery. We aimed to investigate the role of the CONUT Score in EC patients treated with chemoradiotherapy (CRT). Methods: The trial included 101 non-metastatic EC patients. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analyses were used to determine cut-off values for the CONUT Score and other indices. Cox regression analyses were performed to determine prognostic markers. Results: Of 101 patients, 59.4% (n = 60) and 40.6% (n = 41) of patients were treated with CRT alone and CRT plus surgery, respectively. ROC curve analyses determined an optimal cut-off for CONUT Score in overall survival (OS), which was 3.5 (AUC = 0.63, CI 95%: 0.51-0.76, P = 0.05). The sensitivity and specificity of CONUT were 66% and 61%, respectively. Low CONUT (≤3.5) patients had significantly longer median OS than high CONUT (>3.5) patients (57.1 vs. 23 months; P = 0.009). Multivariate regression analysis revealed a CONUT Score hazard ratio (HR) of 1.96 for OS (CI 95%: 1.03-3.75, P = 0.04). Conclusion: The CONUT Score might be a useful prognostic tool in EC patients treated with CRT. Appropriate nutritional support might provide a better prognosis, which underlines the importance of multidisciplinary assessment of malnutrition in EC patients. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Aim: Systemic inflammation has been associated with chemoresistance and prognosis in solid tumors. Systemic immune‐inflammation index (SII) is a novel marker derived from complete blood count. We investigated whether differences between SIIs measured before and after neoadjuvant chemotherapy (NACT) are associated with tumor regression grade (TRG) and survival in gastric and gastroesophageal junction (GEJ) cancer patients. Methods: Records of gastric and GEJ cancer patients treated with NACT in two centers were evaluated retrospectively. Patients were categorized according to difference between pre‐ and post‐NACT SII values (ΔSII). Association between clinicopathological factors and TRG was analyzed using logistic regression method. Predictors of disease‐free and overall survival (DFS and OS) were determined with Cox regression models. Results: The study included 140 patients. Patients with ΔSII<0 were more likely to achieve TRG 0/1 (45.2% vs. 19.1%, p = 0.003) and ΔSII<0 was an independent predictor of TRG 0/1 (OR = 6.05, p<0.001). DFS and OS of patients with ΔSII<0 were also significantly longer (p = 0.031 and p = 0.006, respectively). After adjustment for other variables, ΔSII≥0 was an independent prognostic factor for OS (Hazard ratio (HR) = 2.13, p = 0.008). Conclusions: Changes in SII, which is a low‐cost and easily accessible marker, may be used to estimate prognosis, individualize postoperative treatment and optimize surveillance in gastric and GEJ cancer patients treated with NACT. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Journal of Kirsehir Education Faculty is the property of Journal of Kirsehir Education Faculty and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

This study aimed to investigate the prediction level of science success in high school entrance exams (HSEE/LGS) using artificial neural networks (ANNs) by associating students' success in science classes from the 4th-grade elementary level. The Pearson Moment Product Correlation analysis results were analyzed using the SPSS program to examine the connection between students' performance on the LGS science subtest and their academic achievement in science. In the MATLAB program, artificial neural network modeling performance was examined to understand the level of prediction. The data sets were obtained from the electronic school system of the Ministry of National Education for the 4th to 8thgrades of 1027 students graduating from 24 schools in 17 districts of Bursa in the 2017-2018 academic year and entered the 2018 LGS and LGS result documents without personal information. When the correlations between the LGS science sub-test and science test success were examined (p <.001), the highest and lowest correlations were found in the 8th-grade science exams (r = .70) and the 4th-grade ones (r=.57), respectively. The highest performance values were learning R=.80, verification R=.74, and test R=.75, RMSE=2.35 at the network architecture, generated in the second sub-problem and the trained network with 845 student data. A high-level relationship with r=.75 (p<.001) using the data of 182 students was obtained, while the correct numbers of simulated real LGS science sub-tests compared with the correct numbers predicted by the computer after the training process of the network. In addition, it was obtained that 124 students out of 182 were correctly estimated in the [+ 2, -2] error value range. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: High-grade serous ovarian carcinoma (HGSC) is one of the major tumors of the gynecological system with a poor survival rate and variable microscopic appearance. It was suggested that SET (solid, pseudo-endometrioid and transitional-like) morphology in ovarian HGSC is predictably associated with BRCA deficiencies. In this study, we investigated the microscopic patterns and some immunohistochemical markers predicting the prognosis of serous carcinoma. Material and Method: We re-evaluated 305 HGSC ovarian resections morphologically and calculated the SET morphology percentages for each case. Morphological and immunohistochemical data correlated with the survival and post-treatment disease progression data. Results: The median age at diagnosis was 57 years and the median follow-up period was 3.1 years. The median overall survival (OS) of ovarian carcinoma in SET-predominant tumors (n=60) was 81 months, while for tumors with SET non-dominant morphology (n=63) and non-SET morphology (n=182) it was 59.7 and 44.7 months, respectively. Conclusion: Predominant (more than 50%) SET morphology was significantly associated with increased survival rates of HGSC. Immunohistochemically, p53, ERCC1, ER, and PR antibodies were applied and only PR antibody positivity was found to be associated with borderline statistical significance for increased survival rates. Our results suggest that SET morphology may be a potential predictive and prognostic marker in managing the treatment strategies of HGSC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In this research, it is aimed to examine how the pre-service classroom teachers apply the STEM approach applications based on model eliciting activities that they designed themselves in primary school 4th grade mathematics course. In the research, the basic qualitative research design was used. The research was carried out in a public primary school in a province in the Aegean region within the scope of Teaching Practice I course in the fall semester of the 2019-2020 academic year. 4 of the 8 participants took part in the research as event practitioners and the other 4 as observers. Practitioner participants designed and implemented 3 STEM approach applications based on model eliciting activities implementation plans. At the end of each activity, semi-structured interviews were held with the practitioners, and when all the activities were finished, with the observer participants, and written opinions of 4th grade primary school students were obtained through structured forms. As a result of the analysis of the observations and interviews, it is seen that the participants completed the STEM approach applications based on model eliciting activities in 6 stages, each stage has a flexible structure that can be switched between each other, they have the motivation to implement the activities despite their lack of experience, and in general, each participant completes the process. When only the opinions of the participants was analyzed, it was concluded that despite the difficulties they experienced, they were willing to apply the STEM approach based on model eliciting activities in their professional lives, and that the students' interest and motivation towards the applications increased, and that, apart from some other skills, students gained cooperation, communication, creativity, and critical thinking skills. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Urban reinforcement elements can be defined as units that are positioned to fulfill requirements such as providing a comfort zone for users, increasing the welfare of society, providing rest, accommodation, participating in events, information and circulation. In this study, urban reinforcement components in the Kafkas University central campus were examined. A survey of 246 people was conducted for academic staff and students. The application requested that users assess their equipment adequately in terms of functionality, durability, perceptibility, aesthetics, ergonomics, security and venue identity criteria. Each criterion presented to users, particularly the location identity, is part of a whole for university campuses in terms of having a common language attribute. In conclusion, the current status of reinforcement elements was determined according to the findings and recommendations were made to consider for problem solving. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Introduction: A significant proportion of cervical cancer (CC) patients are diagnosed at a locally advanced stage. Concurrent chemoradiotherapy (CCRT) is the cornerstone of treatment for patients with locally advanced CC. However, the role of adjuvant chemotherapy (AC) after CCRT is controversial. In this study, we analyzed the efficacy of AC after CCRT in stage III CC patients. Methods: We performed a multicenter, retrospective analysis of 139 International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics stage III CC patients treated with CCRT of whom 45.3% received AC. Our goal was to determine the impact of AC on survival in these patients. Results: Five-year progression-free survival (PFS) was 37.5% and 16% in patients receiving CCRT with and without AC, respectively (p = 0.008). Median PFS was 30.9 months (CI 95% 14.8–46.9) and 16.6 months (CI 95% 9.3–23.9) in patients receiving CCRT with and without AC, respectively. Five-year overall survival (OS) was 78.2% and 28.4% in patients receiving CCRT with and without AC, respectively (p < 0.001). Median OS was 132.2 months (CI 95, %66.5–197.8) and 34.9 months (CI 95% 23.1–46.7) in patients receiving CCRT with and without AC, respectively. Conclusion: Our study suggests that AC provides OS and PFS benefit in stage III CC patients. Larger studies are needed to identify subgroups of patients who would benefit from AC. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of International Journal of Eurasian Education & Culture is the property of Ayse Burcu Ulusoy and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Today, due to the problems brought by urbanization and business life and the increase in the living standards of people, expectations and demands from tourism show a big change. Winter tourism has become an important sector that contributes to the national economy and social life in recent years. While prefering winter sports which very important events in Turkey edited demand for winter tourism centers and ski areas is increasing day by day. Bozdag Denizli Ski Center, which is the subject of research, is 88 km away from the city center. It is located within the borders of Nikfer neighborhood of Tavas district. It has the potential to be an important winter tourism center virtue of the development of the ski center in recent years, its proximity to the surrounding provinces and the maintenance of its slopes. The aim of this study; The only active use in the Aegean Region is to draw attention to the importance of the planned Bozdağ Denizli Ski Center. In this context, the present situation of the field has been put forward and the weaknesses and strengths of the field have been identified and solutions have been put forward to reach the desired level. Denizli Ski Center, which is one-half active in the Aegean Region and is highly demanded in the winter, has been mentioned in terms of its importance and has been added to the literature as the new tourism potential of the city of Denizli. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of International Journal of Education Technology & Scientific Researches is the property of Ayse Burcu Ulusoy and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

It is known that air pollution known to have negative effects on environment and human health is an important factor on urban life. It is of vital importance in metropoles to determine emissions causing air pollutions and know the levels of air quality generated by these emissions. The present study was conducted in the city of Erzurum, the second most elevated city of Turkey. In order to determine changes in air pollution in the study area, measurements of (SO2), (NO2), (O3), (H2S), (HF), (HCI), (BENZEN), (TOLUEN) and (KSILEN) concentrations were carried out in winter, spring, summer and autumn 2013 simultaneously at 18 points for 15-day periods. The values obtained from these measurements were analysed spatially and distribution maps were produced using Geographical Information System (GIS) based on a data base. From the results, urban air pollution distribution maps were also drawn. As for the results of the study, it was found from temporal and spatial distribution maps, representing air pollutant concentrations that there are significant differences between (SO2) and (NO2) concentrations depending on the local sources. It was also seen that one of the concentrations of the most important pollutant in the city, SO2, exceeded limit values in winter and combustion periods, in the attraction centres of the city in and around Havuzbaşİ and Yenişehir Bridge. Furthermore, it was detected that an area so called Dağ Mahallesi, where dense use of fossil fuels with low calorie and high sulphur rate and lower amount of natural gas are observed, is among the zones where pollution concentration is dense. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

In general, lack of transportation alternatives in many of our major cities, usage over carrying capacity of the population and vehicle traffic are today's most important problems which constitute the traffic accident. Determining the points that traffic accidents occurred mostly are one of the parameters used in the preparation of the city's transportation plan. In the city's transport, the areas are named "black spots" where accidents frequently occurred in the city. These points; can be detected with the help of Geographical Information Systems that the technology used extensively in the physical planning of urban planners working. In this study; black spots in the city have been identified by using data's obtained from report of traffic accidents, in making transportation planning in the city of Erzurum. In this way; ıt is aimed to produce quality data needed by local governments, transport policies and decisions in the development of the city evaluated with Geographical Information Systems as for the reduction of traffic accidents. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Academic Journal of Philosophy / Felsefi Düşün is the property of Pinhan Yayincilik and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Turkish Online Journal of Qualitative Inquiry is the property of Turkish Online Journal of Qualitative Inquiry and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Dîvân: Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies / Disiplinlerarasi Calismalar Dergisi is the property of Bilim ve Sanat Vakfi and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Objective: The aim of this study is to evaluate the association of coronary artery calcium score and the increased risk of coronary artery disease with mean platelet volume (MPV) and uric acid. Methods: For this retrospective study, patients with a preliminary diagnosis of chronic ischemic heart disease were taken from our hospital with patients from the clinic with laboratory tests and multidetector computed tomography (MDCT) performed. In total, there were 190 patients. Radiology reports and MDCT reports, clinical features, and values from the laboratory were obtained from the data system. The patients were divided into three groups according to the risk of coronary event, which was identified by coronary artery calcium score, age, and gender: low (105), medium (45), and high (40). The correlation between MPV and uric acid values was examined within these three groups. In addition, the patients with and without type 2 DM had the correlation with actual values examined. A p value <0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: According to this study, the comparison of coronary artery calcium score and the coronary event risk of the group with MPV and uric acid values showed that there was no statistical significance. In the study, in the diabetic patient group, MPV, coronary artery calcium score, risk of coronary event, and plaque volume were significantly higher. Conclusion: Although coronary artery calcium score is seen as an independent risk factor for the prediction of coronary artery disease, in our study, there was no relation between MPV and uric acid values and coronary artery score, which indicates atherosclerosis in the coronary artery. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Objective: In this retrospective study, serum uric acid levels of patients with diabetes, diabetes and chronic renal failure, and chronic renal failure without diabetes were compared respectively. It was investigated if uric acid can be used as a risk factor in diabetic and nondiabetic patients as an indicator of cardiovascular risk. Methods: This trial involved 285 patients in total who applied to the nephrology and internal medicine clinics or the hospital who were hospitalized in these clinics between 01.01.2013 and 31.03.2013. Retrospectively, last levels of creatinine, total protein, albumin, uric acid, total cholesterol, low density lipoprotein (LDL), high-density lipoprotein HDL cholesterol, plasma triglycerides, glucose, HbA1c, protein/creatinine ratio in spot urine sample and/or 24-hour urine protein belong to the patients assessed. Results: The mean age was 63.72 ± 11.97 years in the patient groups. The patient count was 57 (20%) in the diabetes mellitus group (DM), 51 (17.9%) in the chronic renal failure group (KBY), and 177 (62.1%) in the chronic renal failure and diabetes group (KBY+DM). Mean uric acid levels were 5.72 ± 1.96 mg/dL, 7.41 ± 1.66 mg/dL, and 7.20 ± 1.72 mg/dL in these groups, respectively. In the groups divided to <1 gr/day, 1-3 gr/day and >3 gr/day according to their proteinuri levels, the uric acid levels were 6.83 ± 1.92 mg/dL, 7.33 ± 1.81 mg/dL, and 6.94 ± 1.68 mg/dL, respectively. Conclusion: When the patient groups with proteinuria were analyzed, there was no significant difference between uric acid levels (p<0.05). In this status, hyperuricemia does not provide foresight in addition to microvascular and macrovascular risk from proteinuria. When supposed that diabetes is equivalent to coronary artery disease, the average uric acid level of the patient group with only diabetes (DM) was significantly lower than in the other two groups (p<0.05). [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

For more than a century, several countries all over the world have taken certain areas under protection in order to protect their natural beauty and biological diversity. Today, protected areas, as well as their function of protecting nature, are considered as areas contributing to human welfare, reduction of poverty, and sustainable development. In this study, it is established that with its landscape and natural landscape beauty, the Tortum Waterfall is visited by lots of tourists, especially in summer. The waterfall is the highest in Turkey and Europe and the third highest in the world at 48 m. The objective of our study is to refer to the current condition and importance of the area needing protection and, therefore, continually promote and contributing to regional and national tourism. With a hydrophical valley and area of 205.5 ha, the research area has been studied in accordance with the natural protection criteria and necessity of protection has been suggested. Moreover, it has been stated that the Tortum Waterfall should be taken under protection as a "Natural Park" and emphasized that the improvement plans of the area need to be prepared quickly. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Copyright of Alinteri Journal of Agriculture Sciences is the property of Ataturk University, Faculty of Agriculture and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Copyright of Dîvân: Journal of Interdisciplinary Studies / Disiplinlerarasi Calismalar Dergisi is the property of Bilim ve Sanat Vakfi and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This abstract may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full abstract. (Copyright applies to all Abstracts.)

Tortum Waterfall is one of the most remarkable natural treasures of Turkey, and the third highest natural waterfall in the world. There is a recreation area around the waterfall for tourists visiting the site. An observation platform allows the visitors to have a close sight to the waterfall. A staircase leads to the underneath of the waterfall. Heavily used areas, such as viewing platforms, staircases, pedestrian walkways are under increasing pressure as visitor numbers increase year by year. High visitor numbers, more face to face encounters, not seeing the scene completely decrease visitors' satisfaction. The purpose of this study was to determine the pedestrian capacities of the waterfall by using the method of Highway Capacity Manual (HCM) which has been published by The United State Federal Highway Administration (1998) [1] and adapted to pedestrian walkways and viewing platforms by Itami (2002) [2]. Uninterrupted and interrupted pedestrian flows on walkways were analyzed, and visitor number for optimum quality of recreation use was estimated. Visitor management plans were suggested for comfortable visitation at Tortum Waterfall. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Due to a variety of recreational opportunities, National Parks are in great demand by increasing numbers of visitors day by day. Increasing recreational use may cause destruction of natural and cultural resource values at national parks. Therefore, estimating of national parks' carrying capacity is an essential factor for their sensible use and management. In this study, carrying capacity of Olympos Bey Mountains Coastal National Park was determined. "The Methodology for Estimating Protected Area Carrying Capacity" by Cifuentes (1992) [1] was used. This method supplies the calculation of physical, real and effective carrying capacities for all recreation sites (trails, beaches, camping and picking areas) by using environmental, ecological, climatic and managerial parameters in a formulation. Expected numbers which estimated three levels of carrying capacities were compared to current numbers of national parks' visitors. It was revealed that the current numbers were much more than estimated numbers of visitors. Study findings were evaluated in order to determine how to link and integrate them in a carrying capacity management plan through formulation of quality for the park's natural resources. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Cholesterol embolism is a syndrome that is increasing in prevalence with intravascular diagnostic interventions, and which may be an etiologic factor in more than 3% of end-stage renal diseases. It is detected more frequently in diabetic, hypertensive male patients who smoke. Therapeutic approaches include the use of thrombolytic agents and heparin. The fundamental pathogenesis is the inflammatory and obliterative process of cholesterol crystals which separate from their site and join the distal arterial flow after intravascular interventions. In the clinic, symptoms such as accelerating hypertension, purpura and ecchymosis, abdominal pain, loss of weight, and failure in renal-function tests are frequently observed, as the kidneys, skin, gastrointestinal system and extremities are the most affected organs. Our patient developed gangrene in the right toe, failure in renal-function tests, and acceleration in hypertension after a cardiac angiogram. When a thromboembolism was not detected by venous doppler ultrasonography, the patient was diagnosed with a cholesterol embolism. Steroid therapy was initiated when the patient's diagnosis was confirmed by renal biopsy. The acute renal failure improved after therapy, and those manifestations on the distal lower limb did not progress [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Predictions of the fourth-order small perturbation method (SPM) are examined for scattering from two rough surfaces in a layered geometry. Cross-polarized backscatter, in particular, is emphasized because use of the fourth-order SPM is required to obtain this quantity. The formulation of the SPM fields and incoherent ensemble-averaged normalized radar cross sections (NRCSs) up to the third and the fourth order in surface rms heights, respectively, are reviewed. It is shown that the fourth-order NRCS includes distinct contributions from upper and lower interface roughnesses, as well as an “interaction” term that couples the upper and lower interface roughnesses. A comparison with NRCS values computed using the “numerically exact” method of moments in the full bistatic scattering pattern is shown for verification, and NRCS values at the second and the fourth order are compared in order to assess the convergence of the SPM series. Although the number of parameters inherent in the two-layer rough surface scattering problem makes an exhaustive study of scattering effects difficult, several illustrative examples are presented to capture a range of scattering behaviors. The results emphasize the importance of interactions between the rough surfaces in producing cross-polarized backscattering and also indicate an increased significance of fourth-order contributions in the two-layer geometry as compared to the single-layer case. [ABSTRACT FROM PUBLISHER]