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Researchers, policymakers, and governments are increasingly interested in assessing the ecological health (EH) of lakes and streams. The EH of a lake can be expressed in terms of water quality, trophic state and biodiversity of riparian vegetation, macroinvertebrates and fishes. The ecological health index (EHI) of Renuka lake, Himachal Pradesh of India, was analyzed based on National Sanitation Foundation Water Quality Index (NSFWQI), Carlson's Trophic State Index (TSI), Simpson Diversity Index (SDI), and Shannon-Weiner index (SWI). The results of NSFWQI and CTSI are found in the range of 40-59 and 49.9-58.9 respectively indicating that the water quality was poor to medium and not suitable for drinking purposes but can be used for secondary purposes such as agriculture, industry, and recreation etc. The trophic state of the lake is similarly in the eutrophic range, with an overall EHI of 1.81-2.47, indicating poor to medium trophic status. Apart from analyzed results, the EH category from mesotrophic to a eutrophic state of the lake is caused due to the cultural siltation/nutrient loading, religious practices, land tenurial issues, and uncontrolled tourist pressure followed by recreational activities on water bodies and lake vicinity. Accordingly, suitable restoration methods such as source control, desilting/dredging, and lake aquatic plantation are suggested to recover the ecological health of the lake back to a mesotrophic or oligotrophic state. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Building Information Modeling (BIM) technologies have attracted much research attention, especially in the last fifteen years. The prospects and benefits that BIM promises for all participants in the design, construction and operation of buildings are hopeful and enthusiastic. Nevertheless, the global adoption of BIM has been slow and uneven. A bibliometric analysis shows that BIM research is concentrated in a few centers and performed by a narrow group of specialists. As a result, there are research areas with few or no publications (“blind spots”). One such area is the economics of BIM implementation. Considering the transition to the use of BIM as an investment project, the authors of the article formulate the necessary conditions for BIM implementation to become investment attractive. It is shown that the participation of governmental structures is necessary for a wide transition to digital technologies in the architectural and construction sphere.

Succession planning and changeover between outgoing and incoming leaders within medical education is an important but largely neglected topic (Rayburn, Grigsby & Brubaker, 2016). The paucity of literature is even more apparent regarding leadership transitioning at regional medical campuses (RMC). With this paper, perhaps one of the first to inform this topic, we hope to bridge this gap by assembling the shared perspectives of an administrator, senior faculty member and a learner from the same RMC. Specifically, this work will focus on the following two questions: • Based on our collective experiences what are the critical issues facing an incoming RMC dean? • Are there practical strategies which might assist an incoming RMC dean with the leadership transition process? This commentary is the result of our collective experience at Western University’s Windsor Campus, a 10-year old regional medical campus of the Schulich School of Medicine & Dentistry located in southwestern Ontario, Canada. We make the assumption that RMC’s encountering leadership transitions are adequately funded, in this way incoming deans can properly attend to effective leadership succession processes. This paper might be of particular interest to those who are personally transitioning as new RMC deans or who will soon take on such a leadership role. We have no conflicts of interest to declare.