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Resumen La tomografía por emisión de positrones/tomografía computarizada (PET/TC) con 68 Ga-PSMA es una técnica de imagen no invasiva para el estudio del cáncer de próstata con incremento de la expresión del antígeno prostático específico de membrana ( prostate-specific membrane antigen , PSMA). El PSMA es una proteína transmembrana presente en todos los tejidos prostáticos. El incremento de la expresión de PSMA está presente en varios tumores, aunque su concentración es más elevada en el cáncer de próstata. Casi todos los adenocarcinomas de próstata muestran expresión de PSMA en la mayoría de las lesiones, tanto primarias como metastásicas. Estudios inmunohistoquímicos han demostrado que la expresión de PSMA está incrementada en pacientes con tumores desdiferenciados, metastásicos u hormonorrefractarios. Más aún, el nivel de expresión del PSMA tiene un valor pronóstico para la evolución de la enfermedad. La tomografía por emisión de positrones proporciona una medida de la distribución tridimensional del 68 Ga-PSMA, obteniendo imágenes semicuantitativas que permiten valorar de forma no invasiva la expresión de PSMA. Positron emission tomography/computed tomography (PET/CT) with 68 Ga-PSMA is a non-invasive diagnostic technique to image prostate cancer with increased prostate-specific membrane antigen (PSMA) expression. PSMA is a transmembrane protein present in all prostatic tissues. Increased PSMA expression is seen in several malignancies, although prostate cancer is the tumour where it presents higher concentrations. Almost all prostate adenocarcinomas show PSMA expression in most of lesions, primary and metastatic. Immunohistochemistry has demonstrated that the expression of PSMA increases in patients with de-differentiated, metastatic or hormone-refractory tumours. Moreover, the expression level of PSMA has a prognostic value for disease outcome. PET measures the three-dimensional distribution of 68 Ga-PSMA, producing semi-quantitative images that allow for non-invasive assessment of PSMA expression. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Purpose: The radionuclide bone scan is the cornerstone of skeletal nuclear medicine imaging. Bone scintigraphy is a highly sensitive diagnostic nuclear medicine imaging technique that uses a radiotracer to evaluate the distribution of active bone formation in the skeleton related to malignant and benign disease, as well as physiological processes. Methods: The European Association of Nuclear Medicine (EANM) has written and approved these guidelines to promote the use of nuclear medicine procedures of high quality. Conclusion: The present guidelines offer assistance to nuclear medicine practitioners in optimizing the diagnostic procedure and interpreting bone scintigraphy. These guidelines describe the protocols that are currently accepted and used routinely, but do not include all existing procedures. They should therefore not be taken as exclusive of other nuclear medicine modalities that can be used to obtain comparable results. It is important to remember that the resources and facilities available for patient care may vary. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]