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Abstract This article describes a teaching strategy that synergizes computing and management, aimed at the running of complex projects in industry and academia, in the areas of civil engineering, physics, geosciences, and a number of other related fields. The course derived from this strategy includes four parts: (a) Computing with a selected set of modern paradigms—the stress is on Control Flow and Data Flow computing paradigms, but paradigms conditionally referred to as Energy Flow and Diffusion Flow are also covered; (b) Project management that is holistic—the stress is on the wide plethora of issues spanning from the preparation of project proposals, all the way to incorporation activities to follow after the completion of a successful project; (c) Examples from past research and development experiences—the stress is on experiences of leading experts from academia and industry; (d) Student projects that stimulate creativity—the stress is on methods that educators could use to induce and accelerate the creativity of students in general. Finally, the article ends with selected pearls of wisdom that could be treated as suggestions for further elaboration.

School-based programmes have shown promising results in the reduction of aggressive behaviour, but the effectiveness of physical activity modalities among adolescents remains to be determined. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of a school-based soccer programme on physical fitness and aggression in adolescent students. One hundred and five high school students were randomized to a small-sided soccer training group (SG) or a control group (CG). In addition to the regular physical education classes performed as part of a curriculum, the SG completed eight months of small-sided soccer training twice a week after school. Aerobic fitness (YYIR1), vertical jump (VJ), backward overhead medicine ball throw (BOMBT), and Buss and Perry’s aggression questionnaire were evaluated before and after eight months of training. Greater improvements were observed in the SG than in the CG in the BOMBT (%diff=4.3, η p 2 =.308) and YYIR1 tests (%diff=2.2, η p 2 =.159), and physical aggression subscale (%diff=-12.1, η p 2 =.144). Extra, school-based recreational soccer for adolescents was accompanied by a significant improvement in physical fitness, compared to physical education classes only. Moreover, the implementation of recreational soccer into regular physical education classes seems to be a potentially appropriate stimulus for reducing aggression in high-school students.

The aim of this study was to determine the isokinetic profile of shoulder internal and external rotators in judo and karate female elite athletes.; Methods: Study sample consisted of senior 13 female karate athletes (21.23 ± 2.83 years) and 13 female judokas (21.00 ± 2.51 years). For testing the isokinetic muscle strength of the external and internal rotation of the shoulder joint, the HUMAN NORM isokinetic dynamometer has been used. Testing the maximum muscle strength of subjects was carried out at an angular speed of 60º / sec and 180 º / sec; Results: Judo female athletes had higher isokinetic peak torque for right and left shoulder internal rotators than karate athletes at 60º/s and 180º/s, with a large effect size, Cohen’s d = 0.89, 1.02, 0.97, 0.95, respectively. Also, large differences were observed between the judo and karate subjects in peak muscle torques of the right shoulder external shoulder rotator muscles of both limbs were greater in judokas than karate athletes. Isokinetic testing should be an integral part of training process in combat sports because in order to decrease the number of injuries and improve performance.

The aim of this research was to determine the differences in health-related fitness between preschool children involved in organized and unorganized physical activities. This study was performed on a sample of 220 healthy preschool children that were divided into two groups, organized physical activity group (N=99) and unorganized physical activity group (N=121). Beside the set of anthropometric variables children were tested for Standing broad jump, Classic sit- and-reach test, Bent arm hang, Sit-ups in 30 seconds and Handgrip strength test. The t-test applied to determine differences between anthropometric characteristic revealed differences for almost all variables (p≤0.05). Moreover, the organized physical activity group showed better results in all fitness variables compared to unorganized group (p≤0.01). It can be concluded that the developmental gymnastics program has influence on improvement of health-related fitness in preschool children.

Studies concerning the effects of different invasion games on physical fitness in school children are scarce. Consequently, the purpose of this study was to examine the effects of the application of invasion games on physical fitness in primary school children. A total of 62 primary school children aged 10-12 years voluntarily participated in this study. They were divided into experimental (32) and control (30) group. Physical fitness of children was estimated by the following tests: Standing broad jump, Vertical jump, Bent-arm hang, Sit-ups, Pushups, Medicine ball test and Andersen test. The experimental group had twice per week invasion games on non-consecutive days for 12 weeks. Participants in control group did not perform specific program but attended their regular PE class twice per week. Compared with initial measurement, there was a significant (p < 0.05) improvement in vertical jump test for both groups. Furthermore, the group that participated in the invasion games program made significantly greater gains compared to the control group (p < 0.05) in Standing broad jump (8.2%; ES=0.56 vs. 3%; ES=0.2) and Medicine ball test (8.2%; ES=0.6 vs. 3%; ES=0.3). There was a significant improvement in bent arm hang, sit ups and push-ups in experimental group. Compared with initial measurement, there was a significant (p < 0.05) improvement in Andersen test in invasion games group, which was not the case with control group (p>0.05). To conclude, invasion games were an effective way of improving physical fitness in primary school children, because the results of this study indicate that this method was more effective for physical fitness than traditional school program.

Good knowledge of athletes and their abilities, that achieve superior results may be a landmark and milestone in what direction should be focused on selection and training process. The various disciplines determine the development of various motor abilities, and be for each sport to define their standards. Motor abilities are subject to weather changes, due to which standards have limited time. "Ideal team" is a set of best individuals in the starting lineup in a given season competition. The aim of this research was to perform the difference between "ideal teams" two generation of footballers in motor abilities. The sample comprised 54 players age 23.74 years, who are members of FK Vojvodina Novi Sad divided into two groups. The first group consists of 26 players aged 24.57±2,55 years from the season 2004/2005, while the second group of 28 players aged 22.96±2,86 years from the season 2010/2011. Sample measures for the evaluation of motor abilities are: deep forward bend, Abalakov test, push-ups and raising troops. To determine the difference between the two groups of players applied the t-test. Based on the conducted this study show that the two groups of respondents players statistically significantly different only in the test deep forward bend on the bench and better overall results achieved less more successful generation of footballers.

Sample consisted of 237 students (130 boys and 103 girls), of fifth and sixth grades of primary school "Petefi Šandor" in Novi Sad, aged 11 and 12, which in a period of nine weeks were subjected to the experimental treatment in the form of gymnastic training exercises in the regular physical education classes. Results of multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) showed that the two groups of respondents differ significantly in the overall system of anthropometric and motor abilities variables. Results of analysis of variance (ANOVA) showed that girls had better results in the tests of flexibility, while the boys had better results in all other motor abilities tests. Kolmogorov-Smirnov test showed that the distribution of the data deviates from the normal distribution. Mann-Whitney U test confirmed that there was a statistically significant difference in the results of gymnastic exercises between boys and girls. On the basis of these results the authors concluded that trained gymnastic exercises for the students represent complex motor tasks and as such require physical preparation which is mostly related to the increase in the level of general and explosive strength (especially in girls), and increased level of flexibility (especially in boys).

Allowed stimulating means of recovery are considered substances and physiological processes that act through the increase in performance athletes and to more efficient recovery and improvement of sports results, which are very difficult to achieve the usual training methods of training, and it can be considered useful until used as a supplement to training. If the rational use, it significantly increases the resistance of the organism in Training athletes and competition loads and favorably affect the elimination of general and local fatigue. The aim of the research consists of testing and analyzing the attitudes of different sports experience on the allowed means of stimulating recovery. The sample of examinees consists of 120 footballers of different sports experience (I group (62) – 4-8 years of sports experience, II group (58) – 9-14 years of sports experience). The sample of variables consists of the system of 10 attitudes (claims), and each attitude (claim) consists of 5 verbal categories (marked from -2 to +2). To determine multivariate and univariate significance of differences between footballers of different competition ranks multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) and univariate analysis of variance (ANOVA) have been applied. Generally it can be concluded that players with less experience attach less importance to some of the allowed recovery stimulus, and that the level of information increases with sports experience.

Proper selection of means of physical exercising included in development gymnastics result in children’s correct growth and development, improvement of general motor status of organism, as well as positive effect on cognitive abilities (at younger age) and conative characteristics, which was confirmed by a number of earlier research works. The sample of girls consisted of 305 girls aged 7-11 that were not engaged in organized physical activities, as well as 300 girls engaged in the program of development gymnastics. According to decimal years, the girls were divided into four age groups within range of one calendar year. The test Raven’s Progressive Matrices in Color was applied for assessment of intellectual functioning with an aim to determine intellectual abilities of the two groups of girls. Results of chisquare test indicated statistically significant differences between the two groups of subjects in age groups of 8-9 and 9-10 applying a more relaxed criterion of statistical conclusion (p=0.05). Analyzing the distribution of female subjects within three intellectual groups (below-average, average, and above-average), a lower number of girls included in the program of development gymnastics was observed in the category of below-average intellectual abilities, especially in the two oldest groups. In addition, in most age groups, a higher number of girls with average and above-average intellectual abilities were observed among those engaged in the program of development gymnastics. According to the results of this research, authors concluded that successful practice of development gymnastics requires at least average intellectual abilities of younger school girls.

Infrared thermography, or thermovision, is getting more and more applicable in sport and sport rehabilitation. Thermovisional method is fast, efficient, and with technology development it is getting more and more available. In this paper thermovisional method is used to improve kendo training process. Kendo is japanese martial art with sword. Kendo traininng is specific. With termovision we can show correct posture and practice with sword.

According to many authors who have studied the relations of cognitive and motor skills (Ismail, Madić), there is a relationship between these two anthropological spaces. Motor skill is related with cognitive factor, especially in these tasks which have unusual rhythmic structure where speed and accuracy of performance is needed. As many test tasks for evaluation of coordination are designed in exactly the same manner, it may be assumed that there is a relation with cognitive skills of students performing these exercises. Relations between cognitive skills and coordination in rhythm are evaluated on the sample of 217 students of the Faculty of Sport and Physical Education in Novi Sad. For evaluation of cognitive skills, we have used the battery of tests KOG 3 (Wolf, Momirović & Džamonja, 1992). For coordination in rhythm, we have used the following tests: tapping on horizontal plates, tapping on plates in three plane surfaces, and tapping with hands and feet.(Metikoš et al., 1989).Using regression analysis, we have found the relationship between these two anthropological spaces.

Nowdays, strength training important place because it belongs to the forces should ensure the formation of such physical fitness swimmers that would provide up to arrival of top sports achievements. Strength training should be planned and systematic work during the micro, mezo and macro cycle during many years of training plan. Preparation of land and water should be planned so that the exercises in a dry supplement and compensate for deficiencies of preparation that is done directly in the water.

Power is one of the basic factors that ensure the achievement of top sports achievements in swimming. This paper deals with methods and means for the development of specific strength in swimmers. Given the problems, this paper gives a certain contribution to the confirmation and correction of theoretical and empirical positions, primarily in the objective seeing, development and planning of training process.

The sample of 260 students of the Faculty of Sport and Physical education were tested for the influence of morphological characteristics on their success in exercises on apparatuses. Negative statistically significance influence on the success in exercises on apparatuses had morphological factor of the longitudinal skeleton dimensions as well as the factor of subcutaneous tissue. There are some diferencies in results on manifest level

Female population,s model of thinking about women in sport depends of woman like professors, instructors and coaches in sport. From that reason, it is interesting to analise conative charachteristics of female students of physical education and compare it with same anthropological characherstics of their male colege in this research

In model of athropological dimensions for successfully persuing of top-level sport, there are some dimensions in which evaluation coches can not make mistake in process of selection. That especially stand for morphological characteristics in women sport gymnastics. World Gymnastic Federation (FIG) recomended specific indicators of morphological status of boys and girls to prevent that factor of body constituion should not be limited factor for progres in sport gymnastics. The question is how many children in specific region are appropriate with mentioned morphological model, when future top-level results is planed? Another question is, are the morphological characteristics and postural status of some population limited factor which make that some region is „condemned“ on much harder way to succes in sport gymnastics? Morphological and postural status was evaluated on the sample of i.e. 412 girls 6-8 years old of the region of Vojvodina, and compared to recomended standards of World gymnastic Federation (FIG). The aim of this research was to analize selection base for woman sport gymnastics in Vojvodina as important factor of development of that sport, by aspect of morphological and postural status.

Research in the field of balance of agonist and antagonist muscle groups is very important in top sport. As soon as certain misbalance of antagonist muscle groups is found, it is fully justifiable to advise sportsmen and other professionals involved in their training process to apply extra work in order to strengthen the muscle groups which were weaker than their antagonists. This is highly important for establishing stability of articulations where a movement is generated by means of particular musculature. In case of a good balance, this also means better protection of articulation-bone system, as well as muscles stretched in the highest-amplitude movements, which might be broken due to the contraction of antagonist muscle groups. Good strength balance of antagonist muscle groups is also important in view of the fact that the above muscles represent active fixers of an actual joint. However, in top sport where health prevention aspect is not the predominant one, it happens that the only criterion for strength development in certain muscle groups is the one on which competition successfulness depends directly and to a greatest extent, where as “less important muscle groups” are often neglected. The Paper analyses the above problems on the sample of male sport gymnasts and their successfulness in jumping.

Fatigue is an unplanned reduction or stagnation of the working ability over a longer period of time caused by the overstrain of the organism of a sportsman/woman, i.e it can be said that fatigue is a phenomenon which protects the organism from excessive and harmful exhaustion. In this paper the authors will explain the causes of fatigue and the value of different training programmes in increasing swimmer’s tolerance to fatigue. It can be said that fatigue and exhaustion during swimming depend on the availability of energy, accumulation of metabolic harmful products and the limitation within the nervous system There is no factor solely responsible for the occurrence of fatigue.It is more likely that there is a multitude of causes that contribute to the feeling of uneasiness connected with fatigue and exhaustion during swimming;therefore, having this fact in mind any training has to be adjusted to individual abilities.

Swimmers are always in road to something that will give them better swam time. Top swimmer doesn’t want to feel that he didn’t give his all for the victory. Very often, swimmers sped important time on technical and conditional preparation, ignoring regular eating and resting. In searching for “magic poison” is used experiences of succeed swimmers that are reled unsaid. But, inexperience, inexpert and less medical control could be potentional danger for swimmers health, if in eating are used preparats of suspicious and not enough researches. The goal of the paper is to point to methods and possibilities of influence of various nutritients on swimmers organism.

The aim of research was to estimate influence of swimming on increasing of respiratory status at swimmers. Duration of training process was six months. The sample of variables of respiratory system was consisted of: forced vital capacity, forced expiratory volume in first second, summed expiratory flume on one half of VC, summed expiratory flume on one quarter, working expiratory flume and elasticity of thorax. Influence of swimming on all parameters of respiratory system is noticed

Top level water polo demands maximal condition preparation. Type of Compton last few years demands engagement during whole year (national clubs championships, national and international club cups, international competitions of national selections). Changes in training process and selection are consequences of these obligations. Physical preparation, a dry lands and in the water, is underlined. The paper is an attempt of analysis of motorical abilities of water polo players, dryland (basic motorics) and in the water (swim and situation motorics), connection between these two dimensions and finding possibilities for location of positive influences of basic-motorical abilities on motorics in the water. 80 water polo players, aged 12-13, at least two years sport experience are investigated. 12-tests battery is used for basicmotorical, 6-tests battery for space of situation-motorical and swim abilities estimation. Results are processed by canonical correlation analysis. The results of this research will be significant for new information of water polo training process in early selection period

Modern sports theory and praxis points an importance of morphological characteristics for orientation and selection in many sport disciplines. In equation of specification of every sport and specific position in equip even, morphological characteristics are an important factor. Specific morphological characteristics of players are needed for technical and tactical quality achievement in water polo, because they determine biomechanical laws of movement and locomotion. Water polo game development demands of player complete preparation. Most of these demands are in field of morphological characteristics, so it should be take care in selection period. The goal of paper is to establish influence of morphological characteristics on situation- motorical abilities of water polo players in early selection period. 85 water polo players, aged 12-13, at least 2 years sport experience are investigated. 12-tests battery is used for morphological characteristics estimation, 6-tests battery for space situation-motorical and swim abilities. Results are processed by canonical correlation analysis. Results of this research will be significant in candidate selection for water polo and training process improvement.

The aim of this research was to determine the differences between the finalists and semifinalists of the 2019 World Championships in the 100 m breaststroke. The total sample of subjects included in the study consisted of 23 male participants of the 2019 World Swimming Championships, who were divided into two groups. The first group consisted of finalists (24.75 ± 1.58 years; n = 8), and the second group of semifinalists (25.00 ± 3.38 years; n = 15). The results are taken from the official website of the International Swimming Federation (FINA). The variables analyzed in this study are: Split 1 - first passing time of the 100 m breaststroke, Split 2 - second passing time of the 100 m breaststroke, T100 - total time of the 100 m breaststroke. All data were processed by statistical analysis one‐way ANOVA. The results of the research showed that there are no statistically significant differences between the final and semifinal groups in any of the examined variables, but there are evident numerical differences that are more pronounced in the Split 2 (F = 2.063; p = .166). Based on these results, it can be concluded that swimmers who excel in their abilities in the other 50 m of the race, or achieve better times in this segment of the race, will achieve a better final result.

Th is study aimed to investigate the eff ect of offi cial soccer matches on selected markers of muscle damage in U-21 soccer players. A group of 19 trained, healthy male soccer players from the junior category took part in this study. Blood samples were assessed pre-match and immediately aft er a match in response to a competitive (2×45 min) soccer match. Analysis was performed for muscle damage and infl ammatory markers. Signifi cant diff erences between two measures (before and aft er soccer match) exist in Aspartate-aminotransferase (AST), Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and Myoglobin. Plasma K+ signifi cantly decreased aft er the match (p

Main aim of this study was examining validity and reliability of using a new specific Parkour repeated sprint ability test (SPRSA) for assessing repeated sprint ability while facing obstacles and establishing between-day reliability and sensitivity of SPRSA related to its physiological and performance responses. Thirteen high-level traceurs (three females) performed in random order and twice eight tests for assessing a total of 23 variables: SPRSA (a typical maximal-speed shuttle run interspersed with four Parkour competition-common fundamentals) and seven established fitness tests, core stability, hand-grip, vertical-jump, long-jump, pull-up, 300-m shuttle run (as a field test for anaerobic capacity), and Leger test. Except for muscular elasticity index of vertical jump test (intra-class Correlation Coefficient model 3,1 [ICC3,1] = 0.54 [fair]), fitness tests’ ICC3,1s resulted excellent (ICC3,1: 0.93–1.00). SPRSA total time and time of its fastest sprint (SPRSA peak time) were significantly correlated with the majority of core stability (r: −0.79 to 0.59; P < 0.01–0.05), jumping (r: −0.78 to 0.67; P < 0.01–0.05), pull-up tests (r: −0.86; P < 0.01), 300-m shuttle run test total time (r: 0.77–0.82; P < 0.01), and Leger test-estimated VO2 max (r: −0.78; P < 0.01). Principal component analysis (PCA) of the 23 variables led to extraction of four significant components (each due to different variables’ combinations), which explained 90.2% of 23 variables’ total variance. SPRSA (i.e., total and peak time) showed high reliability (ICC3,1: 0.991–0.998 and standard-error-of-measurement %: 0.07–0.32). Finally, SPRSA showed high sensitivity (smallest-worthwhile-change %: 0.29–0.68). Considering its excellent logical and strong ecological validity, SPRSA may serve as a valid specific field test for Parkour sport. In addition, thanks to its high reliability and sensitivity, this test is suitable for monitoring, evaluating, and programming training processes for Parkour practitioners in repeated sprint ability involving crossing obstacles.