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1. Hepatitis B virus infection and its associated factors among medical waste collectors at public health facilities in eastern Ethiopia: a facility-based cross-sectional study

Author

Degu Abate Mengiste, Abebe Tolera Dirbsa, Behailu Hawulte Ayele, and Tewodros Tesfa Hailegiyorgis

Subjects
Seroprevalence, Occupational exposure, Medical waste, Sharps injuries, Eastern Ethiopia, Infectious and parasitic diseases, RC109-216
Abstract

Abstract Background The risk of hepatitis B virus infection among medical waste handlers who undergo collection, transportation, and disposal of medical wastes in the health institutions is higher due to frequent exposure to contaminated blood and other body fluids. There is limited evidence on the seroprevalence of hepatitis B among medical waste handlers in eastern Ethiopia. The study was aimed at studying the seroprevalence of Hepatitis B Virus and associated risk factors among medical waste collectors at health facilities of eastern Ethiopia. Methods A facility-based cross-sectional study was conducted among randomly selected medical waste collectors from public health facilities in eastern Ethiopia from March to June 2018. A pre-tested and well-structured questionnaire was used to collect data on socio-demographic characteristics and hepatitis B infection risk factors. A2.5ml venous blood was also collected, centrifuged and the serum was analyzed for hepatitis B surface antigen using the instant hepatitis B surface antigen kit. Descriptive summary measures were done. Chi-square and Fisher exact tests were used to assess the risk of association. Multivariate logistic regression was conducted with 95% CI and all value at P-value

Published
2021
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2. Urinary tract infection, antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of isolates, and associated factors among women with a post-fistula at public health facilities, Harar, eastern Ethiopia: A cross-sectional study

Author

Dadi Marami, Degu Abate, and Shiferaw Letta

Subjects
Medicine (General), R5-920
Abstract

Introduction: Urinary tract infection remains one of the major public health problems among post-fistula patients worldwide, particularly in sub-Saharan Africa. Besides, antimicrobial resistance impedes the effective infection prevention and treatment of ever-increasing bacteria. There was a paucity of data on urinary tract infections and the antimicrobial susceptibility profile of bacteria among post-fistula patients. Objective: To determine the prevalence, antimicrobial susceptibility pattern, and associated factors of urinary tract infections among women with post-fistula attending public health facilities, Harar, eastern Ethiopia. Methods: An institutional-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 146 consecutively enrolled women with post-fistula from February 2017 to December 2018. Risk factors were collected using a structured questionnaire. The midstream urine was collected, cultured and bacteria species were identified by using standard culture methods. Antimicrobial susceptibility testing was done by the disk diffusion technique. The association between independent and outcome variables was computed by using logistic regression analysis. A p -value

Published
2022
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3. Health status of street children and reasons for being forced to live on the streets in Harar, Eastern Ethiopia. Using mixed methods

Author

Degu Abate, Addis Eyeberu, Dechasa Adare, Belay Negash, Addisu Alemu, Temam Beshir, Alemayehu Deressa Wayessa, Adera Debella, Nebiyu Bahiru, Helina Heluf, Mohammed Abdurke Kure, Ahmedmenewer Abdu, Amanuel Oljira Dulo, Habtamu Bekele, Kefelegn Bayu, Saron Bogale, Genanaw Atnafe, Tewodros Assefa, Rabuma Belete, Mohammed Muzeyin, Haftu Asmerom, Mesay Arkew, Anumein Mohammed, Henock Asfaw, Barkot Taddesse, Daniel Alemu, Dawit Yihun, Shambel Nigussie, Jemal Yusuf Kebira, Siraj Aliyi Adem, Gebisa Dirirsa, Saba Hailu, Abduro Godana, Galana Mamo, Deribe Bekele, and Yadeta Dessie

Subjects
Medicine, Science
Abstract

Introduction In Ethiopia, more than four million children are anticipated to live under particularly difficult circumstances. Street children are subject to violence, a lack of health care, and a lack of education. Which denies them the right to live in a secure environment and exposes them to different health problems. Currently, little is known about the prevalence of Streetism, including health conditions. Therefore, this study was aimed to assess the health status of street children and determinants of Streetism. Methods Mixed methods (sequential) were employed from February 1 to 28, 2021. Quantitative cross-sectional study design and phenomenological qualitative designs were applied. Overall, 220 street children were involved in the study. The most common reason that forced the children to resort to a street way of life is to look for a job and quarreled with parents. The data were collected using interviews methods. Chi-square test and multiple binary logistic regression were applied to examine the variations among variables with the health status of street children. Qualitative data were analyzed using the thematic analysis technique. Results The study included a total of 220 street children. As to the quantitative study, the majority of study participants (92.73%) drank alcohol regularly. Depression (39.22%) and peer pressure (43.14%) were the most common initiation causes of drinking alcohol. According to a qualitative study report, "Street children are mostly affected by the communicable disease” and… They are addicted to substances like benzene” which had a profound effect on their health.” Furthermore, the study discovered a statistically significant association between respondents’ health status and sociodemographic characteristics (age and educational status), job presence, and drug use. Conclusion This study identified the factors that drove street children to live on the streets, such as the inability to find work and disagreements with their parents. The majority of the street children were affected by preventable and treatable diseases. Unfortunately, almost all street children reported drinking alcohol, which exposed them to a variety of health problems. In general, the study discovered that street children require immediate attention. Decision-makers and academicians should collaborate to develop a plan for these children’s health and social interventions.

Published
2022

4. Daily Activity Pattern of Geladas (Theropithecus gelada, Ruppell 1835) in Kotu Forest, Northern Ethiopia

Author

Degu Abate and Zerihun Girma

Subjects
Technology, Medicine, Science
Abstract

Gelada (Theropithecus gelada) is one of the endemic primates of Ethiopia. The ecology of meta populations of geladas outside protected areas is less studied, and their population status is uncertain. As a result, we conducted a study to investigate the daily activity pattern of gelada in Kotu forest and associated grasslands in northern Ethiopia from August 2017 to February 2018 covering both wet and dry seasons. The instantaneous scan sampling method was employed to collect behavioral data. The activity pattern of three selected focal groups of geladas was studied, and predominant behavioral activities were scanned in 15 minutes intervals from dawn 7:00 h to dusk at 18:00 h. Feeding comprised 61.65% of the total scan, followed by moving 18.49%. Feeding activity was more frequent during the dry season (about 65%) than in the wet season (58.20%). On the other hand, moving activity was more frequent during the dry season (about 22%) than in the wet season (about 14%). The daily activity pattern of gelada showed a feeding peak early in the morning and in the late afternoon. The time allocated by geladas for feeding and moving in the study area is higher than other activities. Therefore, there is a need for further in-depth research on diet availability and quality to justify why geladas allocate more time for feeding and moving nexus for conservation interventions.

Published
2022
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5. Community risk perception and health-seeking behavior in the era of COVID-19 among adult residents of Harari regional state, eastern Ethiopia

Author

Addis Eyeberu, Dechasa Adare Mengistu, Belay Negash, Addisu Alemu, Degu Abate, Temam Beshir Raru, Alemayehu Deressa Wayessa, Adera Debela, Nebiyu Bahiru, Helina Heluf, Mohammed Abdurke Kure, Ahmedmenewer Abdu, Amanuel Oljira Dulo, Habtamu Bekele, Kefelegn Bayu, Saron Bogale, Genanaw Atnafe, Tewodros Assefa, Rabuma Belete, Mohammed Muzeyin, Haftu Asmerom, Mesay Arkew, Anumein Mohammed, Henock Asfaw, Barkot Taddesse, Daniel Alemu, Dawit Yihun, Shambel Nigussie Amare, Jemal Yusuf Kebira, Siraj Aliyi Adem, Gebisa Dirirsa, Saba Hailu Girmay, Abduro Godana, Deribe Bekele Dechasa, and Yadeta Dessie

Subjects
Medicine (General), R5-920
Abstract

Background: COVID-19 brought significant challenges to public health. It changed the view of global health and safety, trust in the healthcare system, and clients’ willingness to seek healthcare. To contain the course of the COVID-19 pandemic and its detrimental effects, understanding peoples’ health behavior, especially healthcare-seeking, and determining the community risk perception is very important. Thus, this study aimed to determine the health-seeking behavior, community’s risk perception to COVID-19 pandemics, and factors influencing the community risk perception in Harari regional state, Ethiopia. Methods: Community-based cross-sectional study was conducted from 5 to 30 February 2021. A total of 1320 adult (>18 years) participants were selected using systematic random sampling. The data were collected using an online kobo collect toolbox and analyzed using descriptive statistical tests. Chi-square test and multiple binary logistic regression were applied to examine the difference between variables. A p -value 18 years old. The overall prevalence of willingness to seek healthcare in the study area was 35.6% (95% CI: 33%–38.3.0%). The mean cumulative score of risk perception was 30.5 (SD ± 7.25) with the minimum and maximum score of 13 and 63, respectively. A total of 656 (50.6%) of the participants had low-risk perceptions concerning COVID-19. The study found a statistically significant association between risk perception and sociodemographic characteristics (age, educational status, and income), and knowledge of the respondents. Conclusion: The overall prevalence of willingness to seek healthcare was 35.6%. Healthcare intervention aimed to contain the COVID-19 pandemic should consider the factors associated with the study area. Similarly, the study found a low-risk perception among the community that needs critical action to manage the COVID-19 pandemic and to protect the community as a whole. Thus, it is necessary to improve community risk perception through health education.

Published
2021
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6. Measuring performance on the Healthcare Access and Quality Index for 195 countries and territories and selected subnational locations: a systematic analysis from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016

Author

Fullman, Nancy, Yearwood, Jamal, Abay, Solomon M, Abbafati, Cristiana, Abd-Allah, Foad, Abdela, Jemal, Abdelalim, Ahmed, Abebe, Zegeye, Abebo, Teshome Abuka, Aboyans, Victor, Abraha, Haftom Niguse, Abreu, Daisy M X, Abu-Raddad, Laith J, Adane, Akilew Awoke, Adedoyin, Rufus Adesoji, Adetokunboh, Olatunji, Adhikari, Tara Ballav, Afarideh, Mohsen, Afshin, Ashkan, Agarwal, Gina, Agius, Dominic, Agrawal, Anurag, Agrawal, Sutapa, Ahmad Kiadaliri, Aliasghar, Aichour, Miloud Taki Eddine, Akibu, Mohammed, Akinyemi, Rufus Olusola, Akinyemiju, Tomi F, Akseer, Nadia, Al Lami, Faris Hasan, Alahdab, Fares, Al-Aly, Ziyad, Alam, Khurshid, Alam, Tahiya, Alasfoor, Deena, Albittar, Mohammed I, Alene, Kefyalew Addis, Al-Eyadhy, Ayman, Ali, Syed Danish, Alijanzadeh, Mehran, Aljunid, Syed M, Alkerwi, Ala'a, Alla, François, Allebeck, Peter, Allen, Christine, Alomari, Mahmoud A, Al-Raddadi, Rajaa, Alsharif, Ubai, Altirkawi, Khalid A, Alvis-Guzman, Nelson, Amare, Azmeraw T, Amenu, Kebede, Ammar, Walid, Amoako, Yaw Ampem, Anber, Nahla, Andrei, Catalina Liliana, Androudi, Sofia, Antonio, Carl Abelardo T, Araújo, Valdelaine E M, Aremu, Olatunde, Ärnlöv, Johan, Artaman, Al, Aryal, Krishna Kumar, Asayesh, Hamid, Asfaw, Ephrem Tsegay, Asgedom, Solomon Weldegebreal, Asghar, Rana Jawad, Ashebir, Mengistu Mitiku, Asseffa, Netsanet Abera, Atey, Tesfay Mehari, Atre, Sachin R, Atteraya, Madhu S, Avila-Burgos, Leticia, Avokpaho, Euripide Frinel G Arthur, Awasthi, Ashish, Ayala Quintanilla, Beatriz Paulina, Ayalew, Animut Alebel, Ayele, Henok Tadesse, Ayer, Rakesh, Ayuk, Tambe Betrand, Azzopardi, Peter, Azzopardi-Muscat, Natasha, Babalola, Tesleem Kayode, Badali, Hamid, Badawi, Alaa, Banach, Maciej, Banerjee, Amitava, Banstola, Amrit, Barber, Ryan M, Barboza, Miguel A, Barker-Collo, Suzanne L, Bärnighausen, Till, Barquera, Simon, Barrero, Lope H, Bassat, Quique, Basu, Sanjay, Baune, Bernhard T, Bazargan-Hejazi, Shahrzad, Bedi, Neeraj, Beghi, Ettore, Behzadifar, Masoud, Behzadifar, Meysam, Bekele, Bayu Begashaw, Belachew, Abate Bekele, Belay, Saba Abraham, Belay, Yihalem Abebe, Bell, Michelle L, Bello, Aminu K, Bennett, Derrick A, Bennett, James R, Bensenor, Isabela M, Berhe, Derbew Fikadu, Bernabé, Eduardo, Bernstein, Robert Steven, Beuran, Mircea, Bhalla, Ashish, Bhatt, Paurvi, Bhaumik, Soumyadeep, Bhutta, Zulfiqar A, Biadgo, Belete, Bijani, Ali, Bikbov, Boris, Birungi, Charles, Biryukov, Stan, Bizuneh, Hailemichael, Bolliger, Ian W, Bolt, Kaylin, Bou-Orm, Ibrahim R, Bozorgmehr, Kayvan, Brady, Oliver Jerome, Brazinova, Alexandra, Breitborde, Nicholas J K, Brenner, Hermann, Britton, Gabrielle, Brugha, Traolach S, Butt, Zahid A, Cahuana-Hurtado, Lucero, Campos-Nonato, Ismael Ricardo, Campuzano, Julio Cesar, Car, Josip, Car, Mate, Cárdenas, Rosario, Carrero, Juan Jesus, Carvalho, Felix, Castañeda-Orjuela, Carlos A, Castillo Rivas, Jacqueline, Catalá-López, Ferrán, Cercy, Kelly, Chalek, Julian, Chang, Hsing-Yi, Chang, Jung-Chen, Chattopadhyay, Aparajita, Chaturvedi, Pankaj, Chiang, Peggy Pei-Chia, Chisumpa, Vesper Hichilombwe, Choi, Jee-Young J, Christensen, Hanne, Christopher, Devasahayam Jesudas, Chung, Sheng-Chia, Ciobanu, Liliana G, Cirillo, Massimo, Colombara, Danny, Conti, Sara, Cooper, Cyrus, Cornaby, Leslie, Cortesi, Paolo Angelo, Cortinovis, Monica, Costa Pereira, Alexandre, Cousin, Ewerton, Criqui, Michael H, Cromwell, Elizabeth A, Crowe, Christopher Stephen, Crump, John A, Daba, Alemneh Kabeta, Dachew, Berihun Assefa, Dadi, Abel Fekadu, Dandona, Lalit, Dandona, Rakhi, Dargan, Paul I, Daryani, Ahmad, Daryani, Maryam, Das, Jai, Das, Siddharth Kumar, das Neves, José, Davis Weaver, Nicole, Davletov, Kairat, de Courten, Barbora, De Leo, Diego, De Neve, Jan-Walter, Dellavalle, Robert P, Demoz, Gebre, Deribe, Kebede, Des Jarlais, Don C, Dey, Subhojit, Dharmaratne, Samath D, Dhimal, Meghnath, Djalalinia, Shirin, Doku, David Teye, Dolan, Kate, Dorsey, E Ray, dos Santos, Kadine Priscila Bender, Doyle, Kerrie E, Driscoll, Tim R, Dubey, Manisha, Dubljanin, Eleonora, Duncan, Bruce Bartholow, Echko, Michelle, Edessa, Dumessa, Edvardsson, David, Ehrlich, Joshua R, Eldrenkamp, Erika, El-Khatib, Ziad Ziad, Endres, Matthias, Endries, Aman Yesuf, Eshrati, Babak, Eskandarieh, Sharareh, Esteghamati, Alireza, Fakhar, Mahdi, Farag, Tamer, Faramarzi, Mahbobeh, Faraon, Emerito Jose Aquino, Faro, André, Farzadfar, Farshad, Fatusi, Adesegun, Fazeli, Mir Sohail, Feigin, Valery L, Feigl, Andrea B, Fentahun, Netsanet, Fereshtehnejad, Seyed-Mohammad, Fernandes, Eduarda, Fernandes, João C, Fijabi, Daniel Obadare, Filip, Irina, Fischer, Florian, Fitzmaurice, Christina, Flaxman, Abraham D, Flor, Luisa Sorio, Foigt, Nataliya, Foreman, Kyle J, Frostad, Joseph J, Fürst, Thomas, Futran, Neal D, Gakidou, Emmanuela, Gallus, Silvano, Gambashidze, Ketevan, Gamkrelidze, Amiran, Ganji, Morsaleh, Gebre, Abadi Kahsu, Gebrehiwot, Tsegaye Tewelde, Gebremedhin, Amanuel Tesfay, Gelaw, Yalemzewod Assefa, Geleijnse, Johanna M, Geremew, Demeke, Gething, Peter W, Ghadimi, Reza, Ghasemi Falavarjani, Khalil, Ghasemi-Kasman, Maryam, Gill, Paramjit Singh, Giref, Ababi Zergaw, Giroud, Maurice, Gishu, Melkamu Dedefo, Giussani, Giorgia, Godwin, William W, Goli, Srinivas, Gomez-Dantes, Hector, Gona, Philimon N, Goodridge, Amador, Gopalani, Sameer Vali, Goryakin, Yevgeniy, Goulart, Alessandra Carvalho, Grada, Ayman, Griswold, Max, Grosso, Giuseppe, Gugnani, Harish Chander, Guo, Yuming, Gupta, Rahul, Gupta, Rajeev, Gupta, Tanush, Gupta, Tarun, Gupta, Vipin, Haagsma, Juanita A, Hachinski, Vladimir, Hafezi-Nejad, Nima, Hailu, Gessessew Bugssa, Hamadeh, Randah Ribhi, Hamidi, Samer, Hankey, Graeme J, Harb, Hilda L, Harewood, Heather C, Harikrishnan, Sivadasanpillai, Haro, Josep Maria, Hassen, Hamid Yimam, Havmoeller, Rasmus, Hawley, Caitlin, Hay, Simon I, He, Jiawei, Hearps, Stephen J C, Hegazy, Mohamed I, Heibati, Behzad, Heidari, Mohsen, Hendrie, Delia, Henry, Nathaniel J, Herrera Ballesteros, Victor Hugo, Herteliu, Claudiu, Hibstu, Desalegn Tsegaw, Hiluf, Molla Kahssay, Hoek, Hans W, Homaie Rad, Enayatollah, Horita, Nobuyuki, Hosgood, H Dean, Hosseini, Mostafa, Hosseini, Seyed Reza, Hostiuc, Mihaela, Hostiuc, Sorin, Hoy, Damian G, Hsairi, Mohamed, Htet, Aung Soe, Hu, Guoqing, Huang, John J, Iburg, Kim Moesgaard, Idris, Fachmi, Igumbor, Ehimario Uche, Ikeda, Chad, Ileanu, Bogdan Vasile, Ilesanmi, Olayinka S, Innos, Kaire, Irvani, Seyed Sina Naghibi, Irvine, Caleb M S, Islami, Farhad, Jacobs, Troy A, Jacobsen, Kathryn H, Jahanmehr, Nader, Jain, Rajesh, Jain, Sudhir Kumar, Jakovljevic, Mihajlo B, Jalu, Moti Tolera, Jamal, Amr A, Javanbakht, Mehdi, Jayatilleke, Achala Upendra, Jeemon, Panniyammakal, Jha, Ravi Prakash, Jha, Vivekanand, Jóúwiak, Jacek, John, Oommen, Johnson, Sarah Charlotte, Jonas, Jost B, Joshua, Vasna, Jürisson, Mikk, Kabir, Zubair, Kadel, Rajendra, Kahsay, Amaha, Kalani, Rizwan, Kar, Chittaranjan, Karanikolos, Marina, Karch, André, Karema, Corine Kakizi, Karimi, Seyed M, Kasaeian, Amir, Kassa, Dessalegn Haile, Kassa, Getachew Mullu, Kassa, Tesfaye Dessale, Kassebaum, Nicholas J, Katikireddi, Srinivasa Vittal, Kaul, Anil, Kawakami, Norito, Kazanjan, Konstantin, Kebede, Seifu, Keiyoro, Peter Njenga, Kemp, Grant Rodgers, Kengne, Andre Pascal, Kereselidze, Maia, Ketema, Ezra Belay, Khader, Yousef Saleh, Khafaie, Morteza Abdullatif, Khajavi, Alireza, Khalil, Ibrahim A, Khan, Ejaz Ahmad, Khan, Gulfaraz, Khan, Md Nuruzzaman, Khan, Muhammad Ali, Khanal, Mukti Nath, Khang, Young-Ho, Khater, Mona M, Khoja, Abdullah Tawfih Abdullah, Khosravi, Ardeshir, Khubchandani, Jagdish, Kibret, Getiye Dejenu, Kiirithio, Daniel Ngari, Kim, Daniel, Kim, Yun Jin, Kimokoti, Ruth W, Kinfu, Yohannes, Kinra, Sanjay, Kisa, Adnan, Kissoon, Niranjan, Kochhar, Sonali, Kokubo, Yoshihiro, Kopec, Jacek A, Kosen, Soewarta, Koul, Parvaiz A, Koyanagi, Ai, Kravchenko, Michael, Krishan, Kewal, Krohn, Kristopher J, Kuate Defo, Barthelemy, Kumar, G Anil, Kumar, Pushpendra, Kutz, Michael, Kuzin, Igor, Kyu, Hmwe H, Lad, Deepesh Pravinkumar, Lafranconi, Alessandra, Lal, Dharmesh Kumar, Lalloo, Ratilal, Lam, Hilton, Lan, Qing, Lang, Justin J, Lansingh, Van C, Lansky, Sonia, Larsson, Anders, Latifi, Arman, Lazarus, Jeffrey Victor, Leasher, Janet L, Lee, Paul H, Legesse, Yirga, Leigh, James, Leshargie, Cheru Tesema, Leta, Samson, Leung, Janni, Leung, Ricky, Levi, Miriam, Li, Yongmei, Liang, Juan, Liben, Misgan Legesse, Lim, Lee-Ling, Lim, Stephen S, Lind, Margaret, Linn, Shai, Listl, Stefan, Liu, Patrick, Liu, Shiwei, Lodha, Rakesh, Lopez, Alan D, Lorch, Scott A, Lorkowski, Stefan, Lotufo, Paulo A, Lucas, Timothy C D, Lunevicius, Raimundas, Lurton, Grégoire, Lyons, Ronan A, Maalouf, Fadi, Macarayan, Erlyn Rachelle King, Mackay, Mark T, Maddison, Emilie R, Madotto, Fabiana, Magdy Abd El Razek, Hassan, Magdy Abd El Razek, Mohammed, Majdan, Marek, Majdzadeh, Reza, Majeed, Azeem, Malekzadeh, Reza, Malhotra, Rajesh, Malta, Deborah Carvalho, Mamun, Abdullah A, Manhertz, Trey, Manguerra, Helena, Mansournia, Mohammad Ali, Mantovani, Lorenzo G, Manyazewal, Tsegahun, Mapoma, Chabila C, Margono, Christopher, Martinez-Raga, Jose, Martins, Sheila Cristina Ouriques, Martins-Melo, Francisco Rogerlândio, Martopullo, Ira, März, Winfried, Massenburg, Benjamin Ballard, Mathur, Manu Raj, Maulik, Pallab K, Mazidi, Mohsen, McAlinden, Colm, McGrath, John J, McKee, Martin, Mehata, Suresh, Mehrotra, Ravi, Mehta, Kala M, Mehta, Varshil, Meier, Toni, Mejia-Rodriguez, Fabiola, Meles, Kidanu Gebremariam, Melku, Mulugeta, Memiah, Peter, Memish, Ziad A, Mendoza, Walter, Mengiste, Degu Abate, Mengistu, Desalegn Tadese, Menota, Bereket Gebremichael, Mensah, George A, Meretoja, Atte, Meretoja, Tuomo J, Mezgebe, Haftay Berhane, Miazgowski, Tomasz, Micha, Renata, Milam, Robert, Millear, Anoushka, Miller, Ted R, Mini, GK, Minnig, Shawn, Mirica, Andreea, Mirrakhimov, Erkin M, Misganaw, Awoke, Mitchell, Philip B, Mlashu, Fitsum Weldegebreal, Moazen, Babak, Mohammad, Karzan Abdulmuhsin, Mohammadibakhsh, Roghayeh, Mohammed, Ebrahim, Mohammed, Mohammed A, Mohammed, Shafiu, Mokdad, Ali H, Mola, Glen Liddell, Molokhia, Mariam, Momeniha, Fatemeh, Monasta, Lorenzo, Montañez Hernandez, Julio Cesar, Moosazadeh, Mahmood, Moradi-Lakeh, Maziar, Moraga, Paula, Morawska, Lidia, Moreno Velasquez, Ilais, Mori, Rintaro, Morrison, Shane D, Moses, Mark, Mousavi, Seyyed Meysam, Mueller, Ulrich O, Murhekar, Manoj, Murthy, Gudlavalleti Venkata Satyanarayana, Murthy, Srinivas, Musa, Jonah, Musa, Kamarul Imran, Mustafa, Ghulam, Muthupandian, Saravanan, Nagata, Chie, Nagel, Gabriele, Naghavi, Mohsen, Naheed, Aliya, Naik, Gurudatta A, Naik, Nitish, Najafi, Farid, Naldi, Luigi, Nangia, Vinay, Nansseu, Jobert Richie Njingang, Narayan, KM Venkat, Nascimento, Bruno Ramos, Negoi, Ionut, Negoi, Ruxandra Irina, Newton, Charles R, Ngunjiri, Josephine Wanjiku, Nguyen, Grant, Nguyen, Long, Nguyen, Trang Huyen, Nichols, Emma, Ningrum, Dina Nur Anggraini, Nolte, Ellen, Nong, Vuong Minh, Norheim, Ole F, Norrving, Bo, Noubiap, Jean Jacques N, Nyandwi, Alypio, Obermeyer, Carla Makhlouf, Ofori-Asenso, Richard, Ogbo, Felix Akpojene, Oh, In-Hwan, Oladimeji, Olanrewaju, Olagunju, Andrew Toyin, Olagunju, Tinuke Oluwasefunmi, Olivares, Pedro R, Oliveira, Patricia Pereira Vasconcelos de, Olsen, Helen E, Olusanya, Bolajoko Olubukunola, Olusanya, Jacob Olusegun, Ong, Kanyin, Opio, John Nelson, Oren, Eyal, Ortega-Altamirano, Doris V, Ortiz, Alberto, Ozdemir, Raziye, PA, Mahesh, Pain, Amanda W, Palone, Marcos Roberto Tovani, Pana, Adrian, Panda-Jonas, Songhomitra, Pandian, Jeyaraj D, Park, Eun-Kee, Parsian, Hadi, Patel, Tejas, Pati, Sanghamitra, Patil, Snehal T, Patle, Ajay, Patton, George C, Paturi, Vishnupriya Rao, Paudel, Deepak, Pedroso, Marcel de Moares, Pedroza, Sandra P, Pereira, David M, Perico, Norberto, Peterson, Hannah, Petzold, Max, Peykari, Niloofar, Phillips, Michael Robert, Piel, Frédéric B, Pigott, David M, Pillay, Julian David, Piradov, Michael A, Polinder, Suzanne, Pond, Constance D, Postma, Maarten J, Pourmalek, Farshad, Prakash, Swayam, Prakash, V, Prasad, Narayan, Prasad, Noela Marie, Purcell, Caroline, Qorbani, Mostafa, Quintana, Hedley Knewjen, Radfar, Amir, Rafay, Anwar, Rafiei, Alireza, Rahimi, Kazem, Rahimi-Movaghar, Afarin, Rahimi-Movaghar, Vafa, Rahman, Mahfuzar, Rahman, Muhammad Aziz, Rahman, Sajjad Ur, Rai, Rajesh Kumar, Raju, Sree Bhushan, Ram, Usha, Rana, Saleem M, Rankin, Zane, Rasella, Davide, Rawaf, David Laith, Rawaf, Salman, Ray, Sarah E, Razo-García, Christian Aspacia, Reddy, Priscilla, Reiner, Robert C, Reis, Cesar, Reitsma, Marissa B, Remuzzi, Giuseppe, Renzaho, Andre M N, Resnikoff, Serge, Rezaei, Satar, Rezai, Mohammad Sadegh, Ribeiro, Antonio L, Rios Blancas, Maria Jesus, Rivera, Juan A, Roever, Leonardo, Ronfani, Luca, Roshandel, Gholamreza, Rostami, Ali, Roth, Gregory A, Rothenbacher, Dietrich, Roy, Ambuj, Roy, Nobhojit, Ruhago, George Mugambage, Sabde, Yogesh Damodar, Sachdev, Perminder S, Sadat, Nafis, Safdarian, Mahdi, Safiri, Saeid, Sagar, Rajesh, Sahebkar, Amirhossein, Sahraian, Mohammad Ali, Sajadi, Haniye Sadat, Salama, Joseph, Salamati, Payman, Saldanha, Raphael de Freitas, Salimzadeh, Hamideh, Salomon, Joshua A, Samy, Abdallah M, Sanabria, Juan Ramon, Sancheti, Parag K, Sanchez-Niño, Maria Dolores, Santomauro, Damian, Santos, Itamar S, Santric Milicevic, Milena M, Sarker, Abdur Razzaque, Sarrafzadegan, Nizal, Sartorius, Benn, Satpathy, Maheswar, Savic, Miloje, Sawhney, Monika, Saxena, Sonia, Saylan, Mete I, Schaeffner, Elke, Schmidhuber, Josef, Schmidt, Maria Inês, Schneider, Ione J C, Schumacher, Austin E, Schutte, Aletta E, Schwebel, David C, Schwendicke, Falk, Sekerija, Mario, Sepanlou, Sadaf G, Servan-Mori, Edson E, Shafieesabet, Azadeh, Shaikh, Masood Ali, Shakh-Nazarova, Marina, Shams-Beyranvand, Mehran, Sharafi, Heidar, Sharif-Alhoseini, Mahdi, Shariful Islam, Sheikh Mohammed, Sharma, Meenakshi, Sharma, Rajesh, She, Jun, Sheikh, Aziz, Shfare, Mebrahtu Teweldemedhin, Shi, Peilin, Shields, Chloe, Shigematsu, Mika, Shinohara, Yukito, Shiri, Rahman, Shirkoohi, Reza, Shiue, Ivy, Shrime, Mark G, Shukla, Sharvari Rahul, Siabani, Soraya, Sigfusdottir, Inga Dora, Silberberg, Donald H, Silva, Diego Augusto Santos, Silva, João Pedro, Silveira, Dayane Gabriele Alves, Singh, Jasvinder A, Singh, Lavanya, Singh, Narinder Pal, Singh, Virendra, Sinha, Dhirendra Narain, Sinke, Abiy Hiruye, Sisay, Mekonnen, Skirbekk, Vegard, Sliwa, Karen, Smith, Alison, Soares Filho, Adauto Martins, Sobaih, Badr H A, Somai, Melek, Soneji, Samir, Soofi, Moslem, Sorensen, Reed J D, Soriano, Joan B, Soyiri, Ireneous N, Sposato, Luciano A, Sreeramareddy, Chandrashekhar T, Srinivasan, Vinay, Stanaway, Jeffrey D, Stathopoulou, Vasiliki, Steel, Nicholas, Stein, Dan J, Stokes, Mark Andrew, Sturua, Lela, Sufiyan, Muawiyyah Babale, Suliankatchi, Rizwan Abdulkader, Sunguya, Bruno F, Sur, Patrick J, Sykes, Bryan L, Sylaja, PN, Tabarés-Seisdedos, Rafael, Tadakamadla, Santosh Kumar, Tadesse, Andualem Henok, Taffere, Getachew Redae, Tandon, Nikhil, Tariku, Amare Tariku, Taveira, Nuno, Tehrani-Banihashemi, Arash, Temam Shifa, Girma, Temsah, Mohamad-Hani, Terkawi, Abdullah Sulieman, Tesema, Azeb Gebresilassie, Tesfaye, Dawit Jember, Tessema, Belay, Thakur, JS, Thomas, Nihal, Thompson, Matthew J, Tillmann, Taavi, To, Quyen G, Tobe-Gai, Ruoyan, Tonelli, Marcello, Topor-Madry, Roman, Topouzis, Fotis, Torre, Anna, Tortajada, Miguel, Tran, Bach Xuan, Tran, Khanh Bao, Tripathi, Avnish, Tripathy, Srikanth Prasad, Troeger, Christopher, Truelsen, Thomas, Tsoi, Derrick, Tudor Car, Lorainne, Tuem, Kald Beshir, Tyrovolas, Stefanos, Uchendu, Uche S, Ukwaja, Kingsley N, Ullah, Irfan, Updike, Rachel, Uthman, Olalekan A, Uzochukwu, Benjamin S Chudi, Valdez, Pascual Rubén, van Boven, Job F M, Varughese, Santosh, Vasankari, Tommi, Violante, Francesco S, Vladimirov, Sergey K, Vlassov, Vasiliy Victorovich, Vollset, Stein Emil, Vos, Theo, Wagnew, Fasil, Waheed, Yasir, Wallin, Mitchell T, Walson, Judd L, Wang, Yafeng, Wang, Yuan-Pang, Wassie, Molla Mesele, Weaver, Marcia R, Weiderpass, Elisabete, Weintraub, Robert G, Weiss, Jordan, Weldegwergs, Kidu Gidey, Werdecker, Andrea, West, T Eoin, Westerman, Ronny, White, Richard G, Whiteford, Harvey A, Widecka, Justyna, Winkler, Andrea Sylvia, Wiysonge, Charles Shey, Wolfe, Charles DA, Wondimkun, Yohanes Ayele, Workicho, Abdulhalik, Wyper, Grant M A, Xavier, Denis, Xu, Gelin, Yan, Lijing L, Yano, Yuichiro, Yaseri, Mehdi, Yimer, Nigus Bililign, Yin, Peng, Yip, Paul, Yirsaw, Biruck Desalegn, Yonemoto, Naohiro, Yonga, Gerald, Yoon, Seok-Jun, Yotebieng, Marcel, Younis, Mustafa Z, Yu, Chuanhua, Zadnik, Vesna, Zaidi, Zoubida, Zaki, Maysaa El Sayed, Zaman, Sojib Bin, Zamani, Mohammad, Zenebe, Zerihun Menlkalew, Zhou, Maigeng, Zhu, Jun, Zimsen, Stephanie R M, Zipkin, Ben, Zodpey, Sanjay, Zuhlke, Liesl Joanna, Murray, Christopher J L, and Lozano, Rafael

Published
2018
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7. Hepatitis B virus infection and associated risk factors among medical students in eastern Ethiopia.

Author

Tewodros Tesfa, Behailu Hawulte, Abebe Tolera, and Degu Abate

Subjects
Medicine, Science
Abstract

BackgroundHepatitis B virus (HBV) is a highly contagious pathogen that has become a severe public health problem and a major cause of morbidity and mortality, particularly in developing countries. Medical students are at high occupational risk during their training. However, no facility-based studies were found among medical students in eastern Ethiopia. Thus, this study aimed to investigate the seroprevalence of Hepatitis B Virus and associated factors among medical students in eastern Ethiopia.MethodsA facility-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 407 randomly selected medical students from March to June 2018. A pretested and structured questionnaire was used to collect data on socio-demographic characteristics and other risk factors. A 5ml blood was collected, and the serum was analyzed for Hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) using the Instant Hepatitis B surface antigen kit. Data were entered using Epidata version 3.1 and analyzed using SPSS statistical packages version 22. Outcome and explanatory variables were described using descriptive summary measures. Binary and multivariable logistic regression was conducted at 95% CI and an association at P-value < 0.05 was declared statistically significant.ResultsThe seroprevalence of hepatitis B virus surface antigen was 11.5% (95%CI = 8.6, 14.7). Poor knowledge of universal precaution guideline (AOR = 2.58; 95% CI = [1.35-4.93]), history of needle stick injury (AOR = 2.11; 95% CI = [1.07-4.18]) and never been vaccinated for HBV (AOR = 2.34; 95% CI = [1.17-4.69]) were found statistically significantly associated with HBsAg positivity after multivariate analysis.ConclusionHepatitis B virus infection rate is high among health care trainees in eastern Ethiopia. Improvement at health care practice centers safety through training on universal precaution guidelines, and scaling up HBV vaccination is mandatory.

Published
2021
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8. Prevalence, Antimicrobial Susceptibility Pattern, and Associated Factors of Urinary Tract Infections among Pregnant and Nonpregnant Women at Public Health Facilities, Harar, Eastern Ethiopia: A Comparative Cross-Sectional Study

Author

Degu Abate, Dadi Marami, and Shiferaw Letta

Subjects
Infectious and parasitic diseases, RC109-216, Microbiology, QR1-502
Abstract

Background. Urinary tract infection is one of the most common health problems worldwide, afflicting many women in reproductive age, especially in developing countries. Increased risk of infection has been attributed to pregnancy and antimicrobial resistance. Objective. To compare the prevalence, antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of the bacteria and associated factors of urinary tract infections among pregnant and nonpregnant women attending public health facilities, Harar, Eastern Ethiopia. Methods. A health facility-based comparative cross-sectional study was conducted among 651 randomly selected women from public health facilities, Harar, Eastern Ethiopia, between February 2017 and December 2017. Pertinent data were collected through a face-to-face interview using a structured questionnaire. The midstream urine specimen was collected and cultured on cysteine-lactose-electrolyte-deficient agar and blood agar. Pure isolates were tested against the ten most prescribed antimicrobials using the Kirby-Bauer disk diffusion method. Data were entered and analysed using Statistical Program for Social Sciences version 21. A p value

Published
2020
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9. Asymptomatic Bacteriuria among Pregnant Women Attending Antenatal Care at Hiwot Fana Specialized University Hospital, Harar, Eastern Ethiopia: Magnitude, Associated Factors, and Antimicrobial Susceptibility Pattern

Author

Mekuria Edae, Zelalem Teklemariam, Fitsum Weldegebreal, and Degu Abate

Subjects
Microbiology, QR1-502
Abstract

Background. Asymptomatic bacteriuria is one of the major risk factors for the development of urinary tract infections during pregnancy which accounts for about 70% of the cases. However, there is no guideline which recommends routine screening of pregnant women for asymptomatic bacteriuria in most of developing countries including Ethiopia. Thus, the aim of this study was to determine the magnitude, associated factors, and antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of asymptomatic bacteriuria among pregnant women. Methods. A cross-sectional study was conducted from March to April 2019. Data were collected through face-to-face interview and analyzed using Statistical Package for Social Science version 22. A test of association was performed using logistic regression and P value less than 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results. The overall prevalence of asymptomatic bacteriuria was 19.9%. Direction of wiping after genital wash, postcoital urination, and catheterization were factors significantly associated with asymptomatic bacteriuria. Most of the isolated Gram positive were highly sensitive to Ceftriaxone (90.9%). Coagulase-negative staphylococci showed higher sensitivity to Augmentin (75.0) and Ceftriaxone (87.5%), whereas they showed resistance to Clindamycin (68.7%) and Ampicillin (62.5%). Gram-negative bacteria isolates showed higher sensitivity to Ceftriaxone (88.2%), Gentamycin (67.5%), and Augmentin (64.7%), while they showed resistance to Ampicillin (70.5%) and Clindamycin (50.0%). Conclusion. The overall prevalence of asymptomatic bacteriuria among pregnant women in this study was high. Direction of wiping after genital wash, catheterization, and postcoital urination increases the odds of asymptomatic bacteriuria. Therefore, health education on the predisposing factors is strongly recommended.

Published
2020
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10. Breast cancer screening practice and its associated factors among women in Kersa District, Eastern Ethiopia

Author

Teshale Mulatu Dibisa, Tilayie Feto Gelano, Lemma Negesa, Tewelde Gebrehawareya, and Degu Abate

Subjects
breast cancer, breast screening practice, eastern ethiopia, Medicine
Abstract

INTRODUCTION: Breast cancer is one of the most common cancers and cause of death among women globally. Mortality due to breast cancer was higher in lower (LMICs) and middle-income countries than high income countries (HICs) mostly due to lack of timely detection and treatment. There was limited evidence related to breast cancer screening practice among women in eastern Ethiopia. Therefore, the aim of this study was to assess breast cancer screening practice and its associated factors among women in this area. METHODS: a community based descriptive cross-sectional study design was conducted among 422 randomly selected women in Kersa district, eastern Ethiopia using systematic sampling. Data were collected using pretested interviewer administered questionnaire. Logistic regression was used to analyse the association between the dependent and independent variables. RESULTS: the overall breast cancer screening practice among women was 6.9%. Women with the age of 26 years and above were 2.3 times more likely to have breast cancer screening practice as compared to women with age of 25 years or less (AOR=2.3; 95% CI: 1.4, 3.7), and women who had good knowledge on breast cancer risk factors were 3.4 times more likely to had breast cancer screening as compared to their counterpart (AOR=3.4; 95% CI: 1.3, 9.4). The women who had ever heard about breast cancer screening were 2.8 times more likely to have breast cancer screening as compared to those who had never heard about breast cancer screening (AOR=2.8; 95% CI: 1.2, 6.5). CONCLUSION: the overall breast cancer screening practice was very low among women in the study area. Age and women's knowledge towards breast cancer risk factors and breast cancer screening information were identified as important factors for breast cancer screening practice.

Published
2019
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11. Sero-Prevalence of HBV and its Associated Factors Among Healthcare Providers in Public Health Facilities in Eastern Ethiopia

Author

Degu Abate, Abebe Tolera, Behailu Hawulte, Tewodros Tesfa, and Ayele Geleto

Subjects
sero-prevalence, healthcare providers, eastern Ethiopia, HBV, Infectious and parasitic diseases, RC109-216, Original Research
Abstract

Background: Healthcare providers are in high occupational risk of Hepatitis B virus infection than that of the general population because of the high risk of occupational exposure to patients’ body fluids and accidental sharp injuries. There are no large facility-based studies conducted on the prevalence of HBV infection and its associated factors among health care providers in eastern Ethiopia. Objective: This study aimed at investigating the seroprevalence of Hepatitis B Virus and its associated factors among the healthcare providers in public health facilities in eastern Ethiopia. Methods: A facility-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 438 randomly selected healthcare providers in eastern Ethiopia from March to June 2018. Pretested structured questionnaire was used to collect data on socio-demographic characteristics and other risk factors. In addition, a 2.5 ml blood was collected and the serum was analyzed for Hepatitis B surface antigen using the Instant Hepatitis B surface antigen kit. Data were entered using Epidata version 3.1 and analyzed using SPSS statistical packages version 22. Descriptive summary measures were used. Bivariate and multivariable logistic regression was conducted at 95% CI. An association at P-value Results: A total of 438 (92.02% response rate) health care providers have participated in this study. The prevalence of hepatitis B virus infection was 9.6%. There were no significant differences in the HBV infection rates among healthcare providers with respect to socio-demographic characteristics ( P-value >.05). After adjusting for some variables, the following variables remained statistically significantly associated with HBsAg positive result in the multivariable analysis: exposure to body fluids (AOR = 3.0; 95% CI [1.25, 7.05]), history of needle stick injury (AOR = 4.70; 95% CI [2.10, 10.55]), history of operation/surgery (AOR = 4.88, 95% CI [1.43, 16.62]), history of multiple sexual partner (AOR = 7.48; 95% CI [2.08, 26.96]), and being unvaccinated (AOR = 6.09; 95% CI [2.75, 13.51]). Conclusion: This study showed a high prevalence of HBV infection among health care providers in eastern Ethiopia. This is significant because health professionals may be at increased risk of chronic complications and may also be source of infection for their clients and general population during their healthcare practice. Management commitment that should focus on occupational safety and health promotions is necessary.

Published
2022
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12. Effect of chlorhexidine cord application on prevention of neonatal sepsis in developing countries: Systematic review and meta-analysis

Author

Tilayie Feto, Gelano, Yadeta Dassie, Bacha, and Degu, Abate

Subjects
neonatal mortality, neonatal sepsis, umbilical cord care, Chlorhexidine, Review Article
Abstract

Objective: The aim of this review was to identify the pooled effect of chlorhexidine cord application on prevention of neonatal sepsis in developing countries. Methods: We have conducted systemic review and meta-analysis. Articles were searched from electronic databases such as PubMed, EMBASE, CINHAL, Cochrane central register of controlled trials (CENTRAL), and other sources such as direct Google search, Google Scholar, and POPline. Only randomized controlled trial studies were considered for this review. The effect of chlorhexidine cord application on prevention of neonatal sepsis and mortality was assessed as compared to dry cord care. Results: Five studies from developing countries were included in the review with a total of 129,293 participants. Pooled result of meta-analysis showed that chlorhexidine cord application reduces neonatal sepsis by 32% as compared to dry cord care (relative risk [RR] 0.68, 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.57–0.81, random effect model, I2 =93%). It also indicated that chlorhexidine cord application reduces severe sepsis by 77% (RR 0.23, 95% CI 0.11–0.48, random effect model, I2 = 63%) and neonatal mortality reduction by 13 % as compared to dry cord care (RR 0.87, 95% CI 0.79–0.97, random effect model, I2 = 0%). Conclusions: Chlorhexidine cord application significantly reduces neonatal sepsis and mortality in developing countries. Therefore, we stress the importance of including chlorhexidine cord application into the essential newborn care in the setting with high burden of neonatal mortality. The review protocol was registered at PROSPERO with registration number CRD 42018089204.

Published
2019

13. Bacterial Nosocomial Infections and Antimicrobial Susceptibility Pattern among Patients Admitted at Hiwot Fana Specialized University Hospital, Eastern Ethiopia

Author

Merga Dheresa, Degu Abate, Moti Tolera, and Dadi Marami

Subjects
0301 basic medicine, medicine.medical_specialty, Article Subject, business.industry, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Tetracycline, lcsh:R, 030106 microbiology, lcsh:Medicine, Erythromycin, Ceftazidime, Pathogenic bacteria, General Medicine, medicine.disease_cause, Antimicrobial, Serology, 03 medical and health sciences, 0302 clinical medicine, Staphylococcus aureus, Internal medicine, medicine, 030212 general & internal medicine, business, Research Article, medicine.drug
Abstract

Nosocomial infections remain a major cause of mortality and morbidity worldwide. Despite the highly specialized interventions and policies, the rate of infection is still high due to the emergence of antimicrobial-resistant bacteria. This study described the prevalence of bacterial nosocomial infections and antimicrobial susceptibility pattern of isolates among patients admitted at Hiwot Fana Specialized University Hospital, Eastern Ethiopia. A hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted among 394 nosocomial infection-suspected patients from March 2017 to July 2017. Data were collected using a structured questionnaire. Specimens from the respective site of infections were collected and examined for the presence of pathogenic bacteria and their antimicrobial susceptibility using standard culture and serological tests. Data were summarized using descriptive statistics. The prevalence of culture-confirmed bacterial nosocomial infection was 6.9% (95% CI: 4.3–7.9).Staphylococcus aureus(18.5%) was the most common isolate followed byEscherichia coli(16.7%).S. aureusshowed 80% resistance to chloramphenicol and erythromycin, and 70% to cephalexin and tetracycline, respectively. A methicillin-resistantS. aureusmade up 88.9% of allS. aureusisolates.Pseudomonas aeruginosashowed 83.7% resistance to each of ceftazidime and cephalexin, and 66.7% to chloramphenicol. The most common multidrug-resistant isolates wereP. aeruginosa(30.4%) andS. aureus(21.7%). The prevalence of nosocomial infections in this study was comparable with other findings; however, the high rates of antimicrobial resistant isolates represent a substantial threat to the patients, communities, health care providers, and modern medical practices. Bacterial nosocomial infection treatment should be supported by culture isolation and antimicrobial susceptibility testing.

Published
2018
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14. Intensified tuberculosis case finding, implementation of isoniazid preventive therapy and associated factors among people living with human immunodeficiency virus at public health facilities of Harari Region, Eastern Ethiopia: A cross-sectional study

Author

Ayele, Geleto, Degu, Abate, and Gudina, Egata

Subjects
people living with human immunodeficiency virus, tuberculosis, isoniazid preventive therapy, Original Article, Intensified case finding
Abstract

Objective: Globally, the number of people living with human immunodeficiency virus (PLHIV) particularly in sub-Saharan Africa is growing. This has been resulted in increased number of tuberculosis (TB) new cases. To control burden of TB among PLHIV, a number of collaborative TB/HIV activities were recommended. However, data about collaborative TB/HIV services in the study area is scarce. The objective of this study is to assess intensified TB case finding, implementation of isoniazid preventive therapy (IPT) and associated factors among PLHIV. Methods: A facility based cross-sectional study design was employed among 419 randomly selected PLHIV from public health facilities of Harari region. Systematic sampling method was used to obtain sample from each health facilities. Interviewer-administered questionnaire was used to collect data. Data were entered into EpiData and analyzed by SPSS statistical software. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was conducted to determine the presence of association between variables using odds ratio with 95% confidence interval and association was declared significant at P ≤ 0.05. Results: One hundred fifteen (75.2%) of the respondents reported that they offered screening for TB during their HIV chronic cares and 94 (29.8%) of them were found to be positive for active TB. Female sex [AOR 2.51; 95%CI (1.52, 6.14)], educated patients [AOR 0.52; 95%CI (0.21, 0.83)], CD4 count greater than 350 cells/dl3 [AOR 0.62; 95%CI(0.22,0.82)], Antiretroviral Therapy (ART) initiation [AOR 0.50; 95%CI (0.35, 0.88)] and missing dose of ART [AOR 2.57; 95%CI (1.21, 5.32)] were significantly associated with TB infection. Nearly four-fifth (78.7 %) of the study participants were provided IPT. Conclusions: Screening of TB among PLHIV and implementation of IPT in the region is lower when compared to the findings of other studies conducted in different parts of the country and needs to be improved through implementation of national and international guidelines.

Published
2017

15. Hepatitis B virus infection and its associated factors among medical waste collectors at public health facilities in eastern Ethiopia: a facility-based cross-sectional study.

Author

Mengiste, Degu Abate, Dirbsa, Abebe Tolera, Ayele, Behailu Hawulte, and Hailegiyorgis, Tewodros Tesfa

Subjects
MEDICAL wastes, MEDICAL waste disposal, HEPATITIS B virus, HEALTH facilities, HEPATITIS associated antigen
Abstract

Background: The risk of hepatitis B virus infection among medical waste handlers who undergo collection, transportation, and disposal of medical wastes in the health institutions is higher due to frequent exposure to contaminated blood and other body fluids. There is limited evidence on the seroprevalence of hepatitis B among medical waste handlers in eastern Ethiopia. The study was aimed at studying the seroprevalence of Hepatitis B Virus and associated risk factors among medical waste collectors at health facilities of eastern Ethiopia.Methods: A facility-based cross-sectional study was conducted among randomly selected medical waste collectors from public health facilities in eastern Ethiopia from March to June 2018. A pre-tested and well-structured questionnaire was used to collect data on socio-demographic characteristics and hepatitis B infection risk factors. A2.5ml venous blood was also collected, centrifuged and the serum was analyzed for hepatitis B surface antigen using the instant hepatitis B surface antigen kit. Descriptive summary measures were done. Chi-square and Fisher exact tests were used to assess the risk of association. Multivariate logistic regression was conducted with 95% CI and all value at P-value < 0.05 was declared statistically significant.Results: From a total of 260 (97.38%) medical waste collectors participated, HBV was detected in 53 (20.4%) of the participants [95%CI; 15.8, 25.6]. No significant differences were observed in the detection rates of HBV with respect to socio-demographic characteristics. In both bivariate and multivariable logistic regression analysis, being unvaccinated (AOR = 6.35; 95%CI = [2.53-15.96], P = 0.001), history of blood transfusion (receiving) (AOR; 3.54; 95%CI; [1.02-12.24], P = 0.046), history of tattooing (AOR = 2.86; 95%CI = [1.12-7.27], p = 0.03), and history of multiple sexual partner (AOR = 10.28; 95%CI = [4.16-25.38], P = 0.001) remained statistically significantly associated with HBsAg positivity.Conclusion: This cross-sectional study identified that HBV infection is high among medical waste collectors in eastern Ethiopia. Immunization and on job health promotion and disease prevention measures should be considered in order to control the risk of HBV infection among medical waste collectors in eastern Ethiopia. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]

Published
2021
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