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Introduction: Antibiotic usage for bacterial infections causes antibiotic resistance in bacteria. One is extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL), which produces Klebsiella pneumoniae, a pathogen responsible for increased antibiotic resistance. Basil (Ocimum sanctum) is a candidate for combination therapy. It has been proven to have antibacterial effects. However, its combination with antibiotics is rarely researched. This study evaluated the antibacterial effects of O. sanctum leaf extract and meropenem combination against ESBL-producing K. pneumoniae. Methods: This study used the disk diffusion method. The extract was tested for each experiment at 6%, 4%, 2%, 1%, and 0.5% concentration. The research was divided into two experiments to evaluate the antibacterial effects of O. sanctum leaf extract (n=18) and its combination with meropenem against ESBL-producing K. pneumoniae (n=18). The data was analyzed using the International Business Machines Corporation (IBM) Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 26.0 for Windows. A probability p

Thalassemia is the most common monogenic disease in Asia, including Indonesia that causes burdens for the government, patients, and families. As the sixth most non-communicable disease, thalassemia utilized IDR 600 billion in 2022 for more than 300 thousand cases. With, 3.8% of Indonesians carrying a mutation of thalassemia on their globin gene, this economic burden is projected will increase if no actions are taken. On the other hand, child marriage is reported to increase every year, including among orphans. Without proper knowledge and genetic testing on thalassemia, child marriage might contribute to the increasing of thalassemia patients. Thus, increasing knowledge on thalassemia among orphan adolescents is important. This community development uses several methods, including seminar, discussion, book, and poster, targeting the orphan adolescents (n= 40) in Mojokerta, East Java. A questionnaire on thalassemia was used to measure the knowledge, before and after the activity. The results show that the respondents have a moderate knowledge about thalassemia (median= 4 (0-9)), and increase to median=9 (3-10)) after the activities (p< 0.001). Even though overall knowledge is increased, several information including thalassemia is a genetic disease, not similar to blood cancer, not the only type of anemia (Q6), and how to diagnose thalassemia (Q9) still need to be emphasized. Taken together, direct and indirect approaches, such as seminar, discussion, book, and poster are effective in increasing thalassemia knowledge among orphan adolescents. These activities are more effective in targeting late adolescents, compared to early and middle adolescents. However, more effective methods are necessary to target Generation Z who are more familiar with the internet.

Background: Acne vulgaris is a disease in the form of chronic inflammation of the pilosebaceous follicles with multifactorial causes. Acne vulgaris is a very common skin disease with a prevalence of 85% in the age range of 18-25 years. There are aggravating factors that can exacerbate acne vulgaris, including hormonal factors. However, the study about how strong the effects of hormonal factors and on acne severity is really limited. Purpose: The objective of this research is to determine how strong hormonal factors contribute on the severity of acne vulgaris. Methods: This was a cross-sectional retrospective study using secondary data obtained from 199 patients at the Dermatology and Venereology Outpatient Unit of RSUD Dr. Soetomo from January- December 2019. The data were analyzed using SPSS with regression analysis.Result: Hormonal factors significantly influenced the degree of acne vulgaris severity (P-value=0.030). Based on the logistic regression model, it can be found that hormonal factors influence the degree of acne vulgaris by 70% Conclusion: The effect of hormonal factors on the severity of acne vulgaris is 70%.

Lack of public compliance with the implementation of health protocol activities in daily life has resulted in increased cases of Covid-19 in Indonesia, so the government issued the latest policy regarding the health protocol, namely 6M, which consists of wearing masks, maintaining hand hygiene, maintaining distance, reducing mobility, staying away from crowds, and avoid eating together. This study aims to educate and make the public more aware of the importance of health protocols during the Covid-19 pandemic. This research used total sampling method. The target of the counseling was non-medical students in Surabaya who took part in Covid-19 educational counseling by filling out complete pre-test and post-test questions. The results obtained were an increase in the average score (17.26 points) on tests filled before and after the educational presentation of health protocols with a value of p

Highlights: 1. Carrots (Daucus carota L.) can reduce the side effects of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) due to its gastroprotective components. 2. Histopathological studies of the gastric inflammation signs showed that carrots can prevent NSAID-induced peptic ulcers. Abstract Introduction: Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) consumption contributes significantly to gastrointestinal morbidity, including peptic ulcers. NSAIDs cause gastric mucosal damage by inhibiting PGE2 and PGI2 secretion, increasing HCl secretion, and also causing local irritation and neutrophil adhesion. Flavonoids and chlorogenic acid are gastroprotective agents found in carrots (Daucus carota L.). Therefore, this study aimed to validate the effect of carrots on gastric histopathology of piroxicam-induced mice. Methods: This was an experimental study using a post-test-only control group design. 35 mice were divided into 5 groups and were allowed to adapt for 1 week. The negative control group received 0.25 mL aqua dest, while the positive control group received 0.104 mg famotidine. Group A, B, and C received carrot extract with each dosage was 200 mg/kgBW, 300 mg/kgBW, and 400 mg/kgBW. The mice were induced 2 hours later with 0.052 mg piroxicam. The treatments lasted 14 days. Each stomach was taken and examined on the 15th day. Afterward, histopathological preparations were made. Results: The results of the histopathological signs of inflammation using the Kruskal-Wallis method showed p = 0.000, indicating that there was an effect of the carrot extract in preventing the inflammation on the gastric histopathology (p < 0.05). Conclusion: In conclusion, this study confirmed that carrot extract is more effective in avoiding peptic ulcers due to NSAID consumption.

Purpose – This study aimed to measure the effectiveness of online peer-group activism to promote thalassemia prevention among high school students of East Java Indonesia. Design/methodology/approach – Twenty students were recruited as cadres and trained for thalassemia every weekend for four weeks, followed by creating health promotions via online media. The media was further disseminated among the students’ peer groups for a week. The respondent’s knowledge was measured before and after health promotion utilizing an online media mixed-methods approach that combined quantitative data using an online questionnaire and in-depth interviews for qualitative measurement. Descriptive and inferential analyses were performed using Graph Prism 5.00. Interview transcripts were analyzed to elaborate on the respondent’s understanding of thalassemia. Findings – The respondents had good basic knowledge about thalassemia; however, it was not in-line with their understanding, which increased after the online health promotion activity. Therefore, this approach is useful for disseminating health issues during the COVID-19 pandemic and can be implemented for broadening respondents. Originality/value – This study showed the experience of online peer-group activism for thalassemia prevention in high school students. By empowering the peer group, health promotion is effective in increasing the knowledge and understanding of thalassemia. A similar approach can be proposed for other health issues.

Thalassemia, the fifth-most catastrophic disease with 10,555 patients, causes physical, emotional, and economic burden for the patient, their family, and the country. Annually, IDR 500 billion are needed to cover the treatment of thalassemia. This projected number will continue to increase if no action is taken, so education and knowledge dissemination are important for thalassemia prevention. This community development involves thalassemia patients and families as partners and encourages them to share their knowledge and experience about thalassemia with the Indonesian late adolescents, young adult, and middle-aged adult population through an online webinar to increase public knowledge on thalassemia. Education media, such as posters and videos, were developed and disseminated during the activity, followed by live sharing from thalassemia patients, parents, and pediatricians. The respondents’ knowledge of thalassemia was measured using an 11-items questionnaire before and after the online educational activity. The results show that the respondents have a good knowledge of thalassemia, and it increases after attending online education event about the disease (9.74+2.4, 10.22+0.77, p

Severe Coronavirus Disease 19 (COVID-19) can cause serious lung inflammation and death. COVID-19 is characterized by a high mortality rate. This severity is associated with the overproduction of proinflammatory cytokines called "cytokine storms". One of the cytokines that play a central role is Interleukin-6 (IL-6). High IL-6 levels are associated with mortality. Expectedly, the IL-6 blockade could reduce cytokine storms and thus reduce deaths in severe COVID-19 patients. This systematic review aimed to summarize the comparison between mortality using anti-IL-6 therapy and mortality using standard treatment in severe COVID-19 patients. We systematically searched the PubMed, ScienceDirect, and ProQuest databases until 13 August 2020. After screening, twelve studies matched the inclusion criteria. The mortality of the anti-IL-6 therapy group was lower than the standard treatment group without anti-IL-6 therapy in COVID-19 patients in 10 of the 12 studies obtained. Four of the ten studies statistically found a significant difference in mortality of the anti-IL-6 therapy group and the standard treatment group. Confirmation of anti-IL-6 therapy effectiveness in reducing mortality in severe COVID-19 patients will require randomized controlled trials.

Aim: Gene therapy is expected to improve patients' quality of life. Medical students need to be aware about this technology as its application is becoming wider. Materials & methods: A web-based survey was conducted to measure the acceptance of Indonesian medical students regarding gene therapy. Results: Data from 621 valid responses showed that Indonesian medical students have little knowledge of this technology, with 34.4% of them ever heard of gene therapy. However, most of them support the approved gene therapy for health-related matters, but not on the non-health related matters. Their acceptance was determined by the sex, domicile and studentship status. Conclusion: Increasing medical students' knowledge of gene therapy is important to minimize the future conflict of gene therapy application.

Penelitian bertujuan untuk menguji efek analgesik ekstrak etanol Zingiber cassumunar Roxb. pada mencit yang diinduksi dengan asam asetat. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian eksperiment posttest only control design, menggunakan metode writhing test. Sampel penelitian terdiri dari 25 mencit terbagi dalam tiga kelompok perlakuan ekstrak Zingiber cassumunar Roxb.; P1, P2, dan P3, dengan masing-masing dosis 100 mg/kgBB, 200 mg/kgBB, 400 mg/kgBB, kelompok kontrol negatif aquades (K-), serta kelompok kontrol positif aspirin (K+). Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa (P1) dan (P2) signifikan menurunkan jumlah geliat pada mencit dibandingkan (K-) (p < 0,05), dengan persentase penurunan jumlah geliat sebesar 49,53% dan 57,01%, sedangkan (P3) tidak menunjukkan aktivitas analgesik. Ekstrak Zingiber cassumunar Roxb. dosis 100 mg/kgBB dan 200 mg/kgBB tidak memiliki perbedaan yang signifikan terhadap (K+) untuk mengurangi rasa nyeri.

Background: One of the most common health problems is infectious diseases. Infectious disease can be caused by bacteria. There were two groups of bacteria based on the staining, Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria. Purpose: Antibiotics are the main therapy used in the incidence of bacterial infections. But over time, some antibiotics became resistance. Several studies have shown that garlic has an antibacterial effect. The content of allicin, ajoene, saponins, and flavonoids is found in garlic which has antibacterial properties. The antibiotic activity test of garlic was carried out on the bacteria Streptococcus pyogenes and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The goal of this study is to investigate the antibacterial effect of Allium sativum L. extract against Streptococcus pyogenes and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Methods: Garlic extract was made using the maceration method using 96% alcohol as the solvent. Tube dilution method elected to observe garlic antibiotic activity. This test aims to determine the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and the minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC). There were eight different concentration used, i.e. 2 grams/ml, 1 gram/ml, 0.5 gram/ml, 0.25 gram/ml, 0.125 gram/ml, 0.0625 gram/ml, 0.03125 gram/ml, and 0.015625 gram/ml. Replication is done three times. Results: In this experiment, the extract produced was turbid that MIC could not be determined and there was no momentous differentiation between before and after treatment. There was no growth of Streptococcus pyogenes in 1 gram/ml and Pseudomonas aeruginosa in 0.5 gram/ml. This number indicates the MBC for each bacteria. Conclusion: Garlic (Allium sativum L.) has an effect of bactericidal activity, it can perform as an antibacterial for Streptococcus pyogenes and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Garlic extract was more effective for Pseudomonas aeruginosa than Streptococcus pyogenes.

Introduction: Urinary tract infection (UTI) is an infection that involves the urinary tract, including the urethra, bladder, ureter, and kidneys. UTI is caused by microorganisms that breed in the urinary tract which are supposed to be free of microorganisms. Two bacterias that cause UTI in general are Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae. UTI can occur at any age but generally occurs in the elderly. UTI caused by gram-negative bacteria can be killed with several examples of antibiotics namely amikacin, ceftazidime, meropenem and nitrofurantoin. These antibiotics found resistance to the bacteria that cause the UTI. This research is to determine the resistance patterns of Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae bacteria against amikacin, ceftazidime, meropenem, nitrofurantoin antibiotics in elderly patients with UTI in Dr. Soetomo Surabaya January-June 2017 period. Methods: A descriptive retrospective study in accordance with the logbook data of Clinical Microbiology Installation at Dr. RSUD. Soetomo Surabaya. Data from this study were taken from all populations that met the inclusion criteria. The results are presented by tables. Results: There are 163 elderly patient data which diagnosed with urinary tract infection. Escherichia coli resistance pattern against ceftazidime (75.6%), nitrofurantoin (12.6%) and meropenem (2.4%). Meanwhile, Klebsiella pneumoniae against ceftazidime (72.2%), nitrofurantoin (55.6%), meropenem (11.1%) and amikacin (2.8%). Conclusion: There were resistance number of Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae bacteria against antibiotics amikacin, ceftazidime, meropenem, nitrofurantoin in elderly patients with UTI.