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Myxomycetes play crucial ecological roles, yet their species diversity, distribution, and taxonomic relationships remain poorly understood. In this study, we examined 104 specimens from 19 provinces in China. Through morphological analysis, we identified a group of species with reduced lime formation, a feature typically associated with the Physaraceae, but with key morphological similarities to the Diderma. A comprehensive phylogenetic analysis was conducted using three genes (nSSU, EF-1α, and COI), resulting in a dataset of 452 sequences from 116 species. Notably, we identified a distinct clade within Didymiaceae containing species with fewer lime knots, a trait traditionally linked to Physaraceae. This clade, designated as the new genus Neodiderma, was phylogenetically positioned as a sister group to Diderma, potentially representing a transitional group between Didymiaceae and Physaraceae, supported by both morphological and molecular evidence. Eleven new species — N. macrosporum, N. pseudobisporum, N. verrucocapillitium, N. rigidocapillitium, N. rufum, Physarum guangxiense, P. subviride, P. nigritum, P. biyangense, P. neoovoideum, and P. jilinense — were identified from China, and their phylogenetic positions were analysed. Additionally, N. spumarioides (formerly Diderma spumarioides) was recombined. The new and recombined species were formally described and illustrated, and a key to the sections and species of Neodiderma and Physarum was provided.

Abstract Objective To reveal the contributing effects of MTDH gene SNPs in the risk of invasive ductal breast cancer (IDC). Patients and methods A case–control study was conducted, recruiting a total of 300 cases of IDC and 565 cancer-free controls from East China. Genotyping of three single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the MTDH gene was performed. Genomic DNA was extracted from peripheral blood samples of patients. The three SNPs (rs1311 T > C, rs16896059 G > A, rs2449512 A > G) in the MTDH gene were selected for detection using a TaqMan real-time polymerase chain reaction assay. The association between MTDH and the risk of IDC was analyzed employing an epidemiology case–control study and a multinomial logistic regression model. Results Among the three evaluated SNPs, rs1311 T > C, rs16896059 G > A, and rs2449512 A > G demonstrated a significant association with an increased risk of IDC. Furthermore, stratified analysis revealed that individuals carrying the rs1311 CC genotype, rs16896059 GA/AA genotypes, and rs2449512 GG genotype were more susceptible to developing IDC in subgroups of patients younger than 53 years, without family history of IDC, pre-menopause status, clinical stage 2, high grade, with no distant metastasis or invasion, Her2-positive type, ER positive, PR positive, and Ki67 cells less than 10%. However, carriers of the rs16896059 GA/AA genotypes and rs2449512 GG genotype had an elevate the risk of IDC in patients with tumor size larger than 2 cm, post-menopause status, clinical stage 3, with invasion, lymph node infiltration, ER negative, PR negative, Her2 negative, and Ki67 cells exceeding 10%. Compared to the reference haplotype TGA, haplotypes TAA, TAG, and TGG were significantly associated with an increased IDC risk. Conclusion In this study, we demonstrated a significant association between MTDH gene polymorphisms and an increased risk of IDC. Moreover, our findings suggested that MTDH gene polymorphisms could serve as a potential biomarker for IDC subtyping and therapeutic selection.

We investigated the correlation between microstructures and optical properties of boron ion implanted microcrystalline diamond (B-MCD) thin films annealed at different temperatures. Ellipsometry characterization of B-MCD films was performed in the wavelength range of 380–1000 nm and the disperse parameters of the films such as single oscillator energy and dispersive energy were uniquely determined by using a Gaussian model. The results show that the refractive index increases from 2.18 to 2.21 to 2.28–2.29 with annealing temperature increasing from 700 to 800 °C and then it slightly decreases to 2.25–2.28 with annealing temperature further increasing to 900 °C, implying that the annealing temperature has a significant impact on the optical properties of B-MCD films. Raman spectra reveal that the full width at half maximum of diamond peak significantly decreases after 800 °C annealing, indicating a better quality of diamond crystalline. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy results show that this sample contains higher sp3 carbon content, lower sp2 and C–O contents on the film surface after 800 °C annealing, implying that fewer defects exist. The results are of great significance for the preparation of excellent boron ion implanted microcrystalline diamond for waveguide based Mach-Zehnder Interferometer liquid sensing.

Diachea is an important genus of myxomycetes, recognized for its ecological role and wide distribution. This study aimed to expand knowledge of species diversity within this genus in China. We collected Diachea specimens from various locations in Shaanxi and Sichuan provinces and characterized them through morphological analysis and phylogenetic analysis using four genetic markers: small subunit ribosomal RNA (nSSU), translation elongation factor 1-alpha (EF-1α), mitochondrial small subunit (mtSSU), and alpha-tubulin gene (α-Tub). Based on these analyses, we describe two new species, namely, Diachea plectophylla and D. sichuanensis, discovered in the Shaanxi and Sichuan provinces, respectively. Diachea plectophylla is distinguished by its dense, rigid capillitium, spore warts, and distinct separation of capillitium ends from the peridium. Diachea sichuanensis, closely related to D. leucopodia, is identified by its blunt-headed columella, clustered spore warts, and robust stalks. In addition to these new species, we recorded five previously documented species, including D. bulbillosa in Gansu province, D. leucopodia in Yunnan and Sichuan provinces, and D. subsessilis in Sichuan province. Detailed descriptions, micrographs, taxonomic comparisons, and an identification key are provided to aid in accurate identification. The discovery of these new species not only enhances the known diversity of slime molds in the region but also provides valuable information for future studies on their geographical distribution and ecological relationships.

Battery housing (BH) in modern electric vehicles must meet demanding functional requirements. The design and geometry of the BH become intricate to prevent damage during collisions and to ensure absolute impermeability to gases and water during operation. Moreover, in the pursuit of a lightweight BH, manufacturers rely on high-strength 6xxx aluminium alloys, posing significant challenges for the welding processes. It is estimated that up to 30 m of weld length is required during the construction of battery housings including joining the lid and under-shield to the main structural frame and joining the ribs to the frame for standard vehicles. Due to the increasing use of thin sheets for lightweighting the structure, thermal-induced buckling may occur and generate critical dimensional unconformities going beyond design tolerances. This underpins the need to optimise fixturing design to control thermal-induced buckling.This paper goes beyond the state-of-the-art “N-2-1″ approaches for fixturing thin and deformable parts and proposes the new principle of “unilateral N-2-1 fixturing”. The driving idea is adding unilateral restraints to the direction of thermal contraction, which ultimately causes buckling; and, keeping the direction where the thermal expansion occurs in a free state. The methodology is based on three main steps: (1) physics-based modelling of parts and fixtures using a thermo-mechanical FEA simulation; (2) calibration of the weld heat source using metallographic data; (3) validation using optical scanning technology. The methodology was demonstrated during the laser beam welding of a high-strength aluminium 6xxx thin deformable lid to a rigid high-strength 6xxx aluminium extrusion frame. Results indicated that the thermal induced buckling deformation was reduced from 15 mm, when using the state-of-the-art fixturing approach, to approximately 2 mm with the proposed methodology.

The Calocybe species possess notable economic and medicinal value, demonstrating substantial potential for resource utilization. The taxonomic studies of Calocybe are lacking in quality and depth. Based on the specimens collected from northeast China, this study provides a detailed description of two newly discovered species, namely Calocybe betulicola and Calocybe cystidiosa, as well as two commonly found species, Calocybe decolorata and Calocybe ionides. Additionally, a previously unrecorded species, C. decolorata, has recently been discovered in Jilin Province, China. The two newly discovered species can be accurately distinguished from other species within the genus Calocybe based on their distinct morphological characteristics. The primary distinguishing features of C. betulicola include its grayish-purple pileus, grayish-brown to dark purple stipe, smaller basidiomata, absence of cellular pileipellis, and its habitat on leaf litter within birch forests. Calocybe cystidiosa is distinguished by its growth on the leaf litter of coniferous forests, a flesh-pink pileus, a fibrous stipe with a white tomentose covering at the base, non-cellular pileipellis, larger basidiospores, and the presence of cheilocystidia. The reconstruction of phylogenetic trees using combined ITS, nLSU, and tef1-α sequences, employing maximum likelihood and Bayesian inference analyses, showed that C. betulicola formed a cluster with C. decurrens, while C. cystidiosa clustered with C. vinacea. However, these two clusters formed separate branches themselves, which also supported the results obtained from our morphological studies. A key to the Calocybe species reported from northeast China is provided to facilitate future studies of the genus.

Myxomycetes are an important component of terrestrial ecosystems, and in order to understand their diversity and phylogenetic relationships, taxonomic issues need to be addressed. In our 1985–2021 biodiversity investigations in Shaanxi Province, Jilin Province, the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, Hubei Province, and Henan Province, China, Diderma samples were observed on rotten leaves, rotten branches, and dead wood. The samples were studied, based on morphological features coupled with multigene phylogenetic analyses of nSSU, EF-1α, and COI sequence data, which revealed two new species (Diderma shaanxiense sp. nov. and D. clavatocolumellum sp. nov.) and two known species (D. radiatum and D. globosum). In addition, D. radiatum and D. globosum were newly recorded in Henan Province and the Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, respectively. The paper includes comprehensive descriptions, detailed micrographs, and the outcomes of phylogenetic analyses for both the newly discovered and known species. Additionally, it offers morpho-logical comparisons between the new species and similar ones.

Brown-rot fungus is one of the important medicinal mushrooms, which include some species within the genus Fomitopsis. This study identified wild macrofungi collected from a broad-leaved tree in Liaoning Province as Fomitopsis palustris using both morphological and molecular methods. To elucidate the potential medicinal and economic value of F. palustris, we conducted single-factor and orthogonal tests to optimize its mycelium culture conditions. Subsequently, we completed liquid culture and domestic cultivation based on these findings. Furthermore, crude polysaccharides were extracted from the cultivated fruiting bodies of F. palustris and their antioxidant activity was evaluated using chemical methods and cell-based models. The results showed that the optimal culture conditions for F. palustris mycelium were glucose as the carbon source, yeast extract powder as the nitrogen source, pH 6.0, and a temperature of 35 °C. Moreover, temperature was found to have the most significant impact on mycelial growth. The liquid strains were fermented for 6 days and then inoculated into a cultivation substrate composed of broadleaf sawdust, resulting in mature fruiting bodies in approximately 60 days. The crude polysaccharides extracted from the cultivated fruiting bodies of F. palustris (FPPs) possess in vitro scavenging abilities against DPPH radicals and OH radicals, as well as a certain ferric-reducing antioxidant power. Additionally, FPPs effectively mitigated H2O2-induced oxidative stress in RAW264.7cells by enhancing the intracellular activity of antioxidant enzymes such as SOD and CAT, scavenging excess ROS, and reducing MDA levels. This study provides preliminarily evidence of the potential medicinal and economic value of F. palustris and offers initial data for the future development and utilization of this species.

Purpose: Antibiotic-resistant bacterial pneumonia poses a significant therapeutic challenge. In China, Chinese herbal compound (CHC) is commonly used to treat bacterial pneumonia. We aimed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of CHC and identify core herb combinations for the treatment of multidrug-resistant or extensively drug-resistant bacterial pneumonia.Methods: Stata 16 and TSA 0.9.5.10 beta software were used for meta-analysis and trial sequential analysis (TSA), respectively. Exploring the sources of heterogeneity through meta-regression and subgroup analysis.Results: Thirty-eight studies involving 2890 patients were included in the analyses. Meta-analysis indicated that CHC combined with antibiotics improved the response rate (RR = 1.24; 95% CI: 1.19–1.28; p < 0.0001) and microbiological eradication (RR = 1.41; 95% CI: 1.27–1.57; p < 0.0001), lowered the white blood cell count (MD = −2.09; 95% CI: −2.65 to −1.53; p < 0.0001), procalcitonin levels (MD = −0.49; 95% CI: −0.59 to −0.40; p < 0.0001), C-reactive protein levels (MD = −11.80; 95% CI: −15.22 to −8.39; p < 0.0001), Clinical Pulmonary Infection Scores (CPIS) (MD = −1.97; 95% CI: −2.68 to −1.26; p < 0.0001), and Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation (APACHE)-II score (MD = −4.08; 95% CI: −5.16 to −3.00; p < 0.0001), shortened the length of hospitalization (MD = −4.79; 95% CI: −6.18 to −3.40; p < 0.0001), and reduced the number of adverse events. TSA indicated that the response rate and microbiological eradication results were robust. Moreover, Scutellaria baicalensis Georgi, Fritillaria thunbergii Miq, Lonicera japonica Thunb, and Glycyrrhiza uralensis Fisch were identified as core CHC prescription herbs.Conclusion: Compared with antibiotic treatment, CHC + antibiotic treatment was superior in improving response rate, microbiological eradication, inflammatory response, CPIS, and APACHE-II score and shortening the length of hospitalization. Association rule analysis identified four core herbs as promising candidates for treating antibiotic-resistant bacterial pneumonia. However, large-scale clinical studies are still required.Systematic Review Registration:https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/prospero/, identifier CRD42023410587.

Diamond is an ultrawide bandgap semiconductor with excellent electronic and photonic properties, which has great potential applications in microelectronic and optoelectronic devices. As an allotrope of diamond, graphene also has many fantastic properties like diamond, which caught much attention in combing them together. In this work, a direct sp3-to-sp2 conversion method was proposed to fabricate graphene layers on single crystal diamond by thermal treatment with Ni film catalyst. By optimizing the conversing conditions, a thin graphene layer with low sheet resistance was obtained on diamond. Based on this, an all-carbon sandwich structural graphene-diamond-graphene (GDG) detector was fabricated, which shows low dark current of 0.45 nA at 0.5 V μm−1 applied electric field. The maximum sensitivity of this detector is obtained when the incident X-ray is 12 keV, with the value of 2.88 × 10−8 C Gy−1. Moreover, the rise time and delay time of the GDG detector is about 1.2 and 22.8 ns, respectively, which are very close to that of diamond detector with Ti/Au electrode. The realization of the direct in-situ sp3-to-sp2 conversion on diamond shows a promising approach for fabricating diamond-based all-carbon electronic devices.

ObjectiveTo investigate the status and influencing factors of insufficient sleep among adult residents in Anhui province, and to provide evidences for improving the residents′ sleep quality. MethodsWith stratified multistage cluster random sampling, we conducted face-to-face interviews among 7 344 permanent adult residents (at ages of 18 years and above) recruited at 12 disease surveillance points in Anhui province during October – December 2018. A self-designed questionnaire was used to collect the residents′ information on sleep duration and its associates; the prevalence of insufficient sleep (less than 7 hours per day) and its influencing factors were assessed using complex weighting and post-weighted stratification and logistic regression analysis. ResultsAmong 7 253 respondents with complete information, the average sleep duration was 7.5 hours per day and insufficient sleep was reported by 24.5% (2 240) of the respondents. Unconditional multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that aged ≥ 45 years and with a general or poor/very poor self-rated health condition are risk factors for insufficient sleep; while the education of junior high school and above is a protective factor. ConclusionThe prevalence of insufficient sleep was high and mainly influenced by age, education and self-rated health status among adult residents in Anhui province.

The retrospective study aimed to describe the epidemiological characteristics and trends of cancer in Anhui Province, China between 2010 and 2018. Cancer registry data were analyzed using the Joinpoint regression model to calculate trends in cancer incidence and mortality. Age-standardized incidence rate, calculated based on the world Segi’s population (ASIRW) was higher in males (239.34 per 100 000) than in females (157.13 per 100 000), and higher in rural areas (203.98 per 100 000) compared to urban areas (189.93 per 100 000). The ASIRW for males decreased with an AAPC of −3.0%, while that of females showed an upward trend with an AAPC of 2.1%. At the same time, the ASIRW in urban areas decreased with an AAPC of −2.4%, whereas it remained relatively stable in rural areas. Among males, lung cancer was the most prevalent type of cancer, while breast cancer was the most frequent cancer among women. The age-standardized mortality rate according to the world Segi’s population (ASMRW) was 115.32 per 100 000. The ASMRW was higher in males (156.70 per 100 000) than in females (75.51 per 100 000), and higher in rural areas (122.18 per 100 000) than urban areas (109.21 per 100 000). Lung cancer accounted for the majority of cancer-associated mortalities in the province. Attention needs to be focused on women and rural areas due to rapidly increasing incidence and mortality rates for cancer. Furthermore, an effective public health response is imperative, encompassing early screening, diagnosis, and treatment of prevalent cancers in high-risk populations and regions. It’s crucial to promote healthy lifestyles among the public through health education.

BackgroundGrowing evidence shows a significant association between intestinal flora and allergic diseases, specifically atopic dermatitis (AD), allergic rhinitis (AR), and allergic asthma (AA). However, the causality has not yet been clarified.ObjectiveWe conducted a bidirectional two-sample Mendelian randomization (TSMR) analysis to study the causal relationships between intestinal flora classification and AD, AR, or AA.Materials and methodsWe obtained summary data of intestinal flora, AD, AR, and AA from a genome-wide association research. The inverse-variance weighted method is the primary method for analyzing causality in the TSMR analysis. Several sensitivity analyses were conducted to examine the stability of TSMR results. Reverse TSMR analysis was also performed to assess whether there was a reverse causality.ResultsA total of 7 bacterial taxa associated with AD, AR, and AA were identified by the current TSMR analysis. Specifically, the genus Dialister(P=0.034)and genus Prevotella(P=0.047)were associated with a higher risk of AD, whereas class Coriobacteriia (P=0.034) and its child taxon, order Coriobacteriales (P=0.034) and family Coriobacteriaceae (P=0.034), all had a protective effect on AR. In addition, the family Victivallaceae (P=0.019) was identified as a risk factor for AR. We also noticed a positive association between the genus Holdemanella (P=0.046) and AA. The reverse TSMR analysis didn’t suggest any evidence of reverse causality from allergic diseases to the intestinal flora.ConclusionWe confirmed the causal relationship between intestinal flora and allergic diseases and provided an innovative perspective for research on allergic diseases: targeted regulation of dysregulation of specific bacterial taxa to prevent and treat AD, AR, and AA.

The hickory (Carya cathayensis) nuts are considered as a traditional nut in Asia due to nutritional components such as phenols and steroids, amino acids and minerals, and especially high levels of unsaturated fatty acids. However, the edible quality of hickory nuts is rapidly deteriorated by oxidative rancidity. Deeper Masked autoencoders (DEEPMAE) with a unique structure for automatically extracting some features that could be scaleable from local to global for image classification, has been considered to be a state-of-the-art computer vision technique for grading tasks. This paper aims to present a novel and accurate method for grading hickory nuts with different oxidation levels. Owing to the use of self-supervised and supervised processes, this method is able to predict images of hickory nuts with different oxidation levels effectively, i.e., DEEPMAE can predict the oxidation level of nuts. The proposed DEEPMAE model was constructed from Vision Transformer (VIT) architecture which was followed by Masked autoencoders(MAE). This model was trained and tested on image datasets containing four classes, and the differences between these classes were mainly caused by varying levels of oxidation over time. The DEEPMAE model was able to achieve an overall classification accuracy of 96.14% on the validation set and 96.42% on the test set. The results on the suggested model demonstrated that the application of the DEEPMAE model might be a promising method for grading hickory nuts with different levels of oxidation.

Boletaceae, the largest family in Boletales, has been attracted by mycologists in the world due to its diverse morphology and complex history of evolution. Although considerable work has been done in the past decades, novel taxa are continually described. The current study aimed to introduce three new taxa and one new record of Boletaceae from China. The morphological descriptions, color photographs, phylogenetic trees to show the positions of the taxa, and comparisons with allied taxa are provided. The new genus Hemilanmaoa is unique in the Pulveroboletus group, and Hemilanmaoa retistipitatus was introduced as the type species. It can be distinguished by its bluing basidioma when injured, a decurrent hymenophore, a stipe covered with distinct reticulations, and a fertile stipitipellis. Porphyrellus pseudocyaneotinctus is characterized by its pileipellis consisting of broadly concatenated cells and thin-walled caulocystidia in Porphyrellus. In Phylloporus, Phylloporus biyangensis can be distinguished by its hymenophores that change to blue when injured and yellow basal mycelium. Lanmaoa angustispora, as a new record, is first reported in Northern China. Internal transcribed spacer (ITS), 28S rDNA (28S), translation elongation factor 1-alpha (tef1-α), RNA polymerase II subunit 1 (rpb1), and RNA polymerase II subunit 2 (rpb2) were employed to execute phylogenetic analyses.

Walnut grading is an important step before the product enters the market. However, traditional walnut grading primarily relies on manual assessment of physiological features, which is difficult to implement efficiently. Furthermore, walnut kernel grading is, at present, relatively unsophisticated. Therefore, this study proposes a novel deep-learning model based on a spatial attention mechanism and SE-network structure to grade walnut kernels using machine vision to ensure accuracy and improve assessment efficiency. In this experiment, we found through the literature that both the lightness (L* value) and malondialdehyde (MDA) contens of walnut kernels were correlated with the oxidation phenomenon in walnuts. Subsequently, we clustered four partitionings using the L* values. We then used the MDA values to verify the rationality of these partitionings. Finally, four network models were used for comparison and training: VGG19, EfficientNetB7, ResNet152V2, and spatial attention and spatial enhancement network combined with ResNet152V2 (ResNet152V2-SA-SE). We found that the ResNet152V2-SA-SE model exhibited the best performance, with a maximum test set accuracy of 92.2%. The test set accuracy was improved by 6.2, 63.2, and 74.1% compared with that of ResNet152V2, EfficientNetB7, and VGG19, respectively. Our testing demonstrated that combining spatial attention and spatial enhancement methods improved the recognition of target locations and intrinsic information, while decreasing the attention given to non-target regions. Experiments have demonstrated that combining spatial attention mechanisms with SE networks increases focus on recognizing target locations and intrinsic information, while decreasing focus on non-target regions. Finally, by comparing different learning rates, regularization methods, and batch sizes of the model, we found that the training performance of the model was optimal with a learning rate of 0.001, a batch size of 128, and no regularization methods. In conclusion, this study demonstrated that the ResNet152V2-SA-SE network model was effective in the detection and evaluation of the walnut kernels.

Introduction Metformin (MET) can regulate glucose and lipid levels, and the gut microbiota may be involved in the control of metabolism. We hypothesized that MET alleviates glucolipid metabolism disorder by modulating gut microbiota and microbial metabolites.Research design and methods A total of 24 male C57BL/6 J mice were equally divided into three groups (normal control, model control (MC), and MET-treated groups). Model mice were established by feeding a high-fat diet for 6 weeks. The MET-treated group was administered MET solution (2.5 g/100 mL, 250 mg/kg). Fecal samples were collected to characterize the microbiota system using metagenomic shotgun sequencing and gas chromatography–time of flight–mass spectrometry analysis. Phenotypic and biochemical indices were obtained for further correlation analysis.Results Compared with the MC group, MET reduced the levels of weight, glucose, areas under the glucose curve in the glucose tolerance test, triglyceride (TG), and total cholesterol (TC). A decreasing abundance of bacteria, including Parabacteroides distasonis, and an increasing abundance of bacteria, including Bacteroides vulgatus, were observed in the MET-treated group. The 2-deoxytetronic acid declined after MET intervention and was positively correlated with species over-represented in the MC group and negatively correlated with species enriched in the MET-treated group. Additionally, species enriched in the MET-treated group negatively correlated with glucose, areas under the glucose curve in the glucose tolerance test, and TGs. Further, the correlation between the differential metabolites, which decreased after MET intervention, and the phenotypic indices was positive.Conclusions MET-induced restoration of intestinal homeostasis correlates with the amelioration of host glucolipid metabolism.

Summary: Background: Oxytocin (OXT) and corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) are both produced in hypothalamic paraventricular nucleus (PVN). Central CRH may cause depression-like symptoms, while peripheral higher OXT plasma levels were proposed to be a trait marker for bipolar disorder (BD). We aimed to investigate differential OXT and CRH expression in the PVN and their receptors in prefrontal cortex of major depressive disorder (MDD) and BD patients. In addition, we investigated mood-related changes by stimulating PVN-OXT in mice. Methods: Quantitative immunocytochemistry and in situ hybridization were performed in the PVN for OXT and CRH on 6 BD and 6 BD-controls, 9 MDD and 9 MDD-controls. mRNA expressions of their receptors (OXTR, CRHR1 and CRHR2) were determined in anterior cingulate cortex and dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) of 30 BD and 34 BD-controls, and 24 MDD and 12 MDD-controls. PVN of 41 OXT-cre mice was short- or long-term activated by chemogenetics, and mood-related behavior was compared with 26 controls. Findings: Significantly increased OXT-immunoreactivity (ir), OXT-mRNA in PVN and increased OXTR-mRNA in DLPFC, together with increased ratios of OXT-ir/CRH-ir and OXTR-mRNA/CRHR-mRNA were observed in BD, at least in male BD patients, but not in MDD patients. PVN-OXT stimulation induced depression-like behaviors in male mice, and mixed depression/mania-like behaviors in female mice in a time-dependent way. Interpretation: Increased PVN-OXT and DLPFC-OXTR expression are characteristic for BD, at least for male BD patients. Stimulation of PVN-OXT neurons induced mood changes in mice, in a pattern different from BD. Funding: National Natural Science Foundation of China (81971268, 82101592).

We propose a DeiT (Data-Efficient Image Transformer) feature encoder-based algorithm for identifying disease types and generating relevant descriptions of diseased crops. It solves the scarcity problem of the image description algorithm applied in agriculture. We divided the original image into a sequence of image patches to fit the input form of the DeiT encoder, which was distilled by RegNet. Then, we used the Transformer decoder to generate descriptions. Compared to “CNN + LSTM” models, our proposed model is entirely convolution-free and has high training efficiency. On the Rice2k dataset created by us, the model achieved a 47.3 BLEU-4 score, 65.0 ROUGE_L score, and 177.1 CIDEr score. The extensive experiments demonstrate the effectiveness and the strong robustness of our model. It can be better applied to automatically generate descriptions of similar crop disease characteristics.

In this study, Coprinopsis jilinensis and Coprinopsis pusilla were introduced, based on their morphological characteristics, the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) and large subunit ribosomal (LSU) region sequences of nrDNA. These new psathyrelloid species were found in Jilin Province, China. Coprinopsis jilinensis has brown pileus, utriform pleurocystidia, brown, smooth, dextrinoid basidiospores and tiny pore. It mainly grows on humus. Coprinopsis pusilla has small basidiomata, greyish-white pileus, thick and distinct veil at edges, subcolourless and verrucose basidiospores. It is poreless and it grows on the decaying wood of broad-leaved trees. Both of them belong to the C. sect. Melanthinae. A supplementary description of C. sect. Melanthinae was given in combination with the newly-discovered taxa and an identification key to the fourteen psathyrelloid species of Coprinopsis is provided. Coprinopsis sect. Canocipes and C. sect. Quartoconatae were evaluated and the phylogenetic position of the psathyrelloid species of Coprinopsis was discussed. Psathyrella subagraria, as a confusing species, was also discussed in this study.

Cordyceps species are notable medicinal fungi in China, which are pathogenic on insects and exhibit high biodiversity in tropical and subtropical regions. Recently, three new Cordyceps species, Cordyceps changchunensis and Cordyceps jingyuetanensis growing on pupae of Lepidoptera and Cordyceps changbaiensis growing on larvae of Lepidoptera, were found in Jilin Province, China and are described, based on morphological and ecological characteristics. These three new species are similar to the Cordyceps militaris group, but are distinctly distinguishable from the known species. Cordyceps changchunensis, characterised by its small and light yellow to orange stromata which is occasionally forked, covered with white mycelium at the base of stipe, globose to ovoid perithecia, is macroscopically similar to Cordyceps militaris. Cordyceps changbaiensis is clearly discriminated from other Cordyceps species by its white to orange and branched stromata, clavate to cylindrical fertile apical portion, immersed and globose to ovoid perithecia. Moreover, unbranched, clavate and orange to light red stromata, almond-shaped to ovoid and immersed perithecia separate Cordyceps jingyuetanensis from other Cordyceps species. nrITS, nrLSU and EF-1α sequences were undertaken and phylogenetic trees, based on Maximum Likelihood and Bayesian Inference analysis showed that the three new species clustered with Cordyceps militaris, but formed individual clades, as well as confirmed the results of our morphological study.

Aim: Psoriasis vulgaris (PV) is a complicated autoimmune disease characterized by erythema of the skin and a lack of available cures. PV is associated with an increased risk of metabolic syndrome and cardiovascular disease, which are both mediated by the interaction between systemic inflammation and aberrant metabolism. However, whether there are differences in the lipid metabolism between different levels of severity of PV remains elusive. Hence, we explored the molecular evidence for the subtyping of PV according to alterations in lipid metabolism using serum metabolomics, with the idea that such subtyping may contribute to the development of personalized treatment.Methods: Patients with PV were recruited at a dermatology clinic and classified based on the presence of metabolic comorbidities and their Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI) from January 2019 to November 2019. Age- and sex-matched healthy controls were recruited from the preventive health department of the same institution for comparison. We performed targeted metabolomic analyses of serum samples and determined the correlation between metabolite composition and PASI scores.Results: A total of 123 participants, 88 patients with PV and 35 healthy subjects, were enrolled in this study. The patients with PV were assigned to a “PVM group” (PV with metabolic comorbidities) or a “PV group” (PV without metabolic comorbidities) and further subdivided into a “mild PV” (MP, PASI

AIM: To evaluate and compare the quality of life of patients submitted to phacoemulsification combined with goniosynechialysis(PPI+GSL)and trabeculectomy, and analyze the potentially involved variables.METHODS: A perspective, randomized case-control study was conducted. Patients with acute primary angle-closure glaucoma(ACG)and early cataracts underwent PPI+GSL implantation(group A, n=29)and trabeculectomy(group B, n=30). The quality of life was assessed using the National Eye Institute 25-Item Visual Function Questionnaire(NEI-VFQ-25)before and 6mo after surgery. Intraocular pressure(IOP), best corrected visual acuity(BCVA), review frequency and the basic characteristics were recorded simultaneously.RESULTS: Compared with preoperative status, the IOP in both groups was significantly decreased(all P0.05). Besides, group B presented higher review frequency than group A(P

Since impurities produced during walnut processing can cause serious harm to human health, strict quality control must be carried out during production. However, most detection equipment still uses photoelectric detection technology to automatically sort heterochromatic particles, which is unsuitable for detecting endogenous foreign bodies with similar colors. Therefore, this paper proposes an improved YOLOv4 deep learning object detection algorithm, WT-YOLOM, for detecting endogenous impurities in walnuts—namely, oily kernels, black spot kernels, withered kernels, and ground nutshells. In the backbone of the model, a lightweight MobileNet module was used as the encoder for the extraction of features. The spatial pyramid pooling (SPP) structure was improved to spatial pyramid pooling—fast (SPPF), and the model size was further reduced. Loss function was replaced in this model with a more comprehensive SIoU loss. In addition, efficient channel attention (ECA) mechanisms were applied after the backbone feature map to improve the model’s recognition accuracy. This paper compares the recognition speed and accuracy of the WT-YOLOM algorithm with the Faster R-CNN, EfficientDet, CenterNet, and YOLOv4 algorithms. The results showed that the average precision of this model for different kinds of endogenous impurities in walnuts reached 94.4%. Compared with the original model, the size was reduced by 88.6%, and the recognition speed reached 60.1 FPS, which was an increase of 29.0%. The metrics of the WT-YOLOM model were significantly better than those of comparative models and can significantly improve the detection efficiency of endogenous foreign bodies in walnuts.

Abstract Background At present, coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by infection with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, is spreading all over the world, with disastrous consequences for people of all countries. The traditional Chinese medicine prescription Dayuanyin (DYY), a classic prescription for the treatment of plague, has shown significant effects in the treatment of COVID-19. However, its specific mechanism of action has not yet been clarified. This study aims to explore the mechanism of action of DYY in the treatment of COVID-19 with the hope of providing a theoretical basis for its clinical application. Methods First, the TCMSP database was searched to screen the active ingredients and corresponding target genes of the DYY prescription and to further identify the core compounds in the active ingredient. Simultaneously, the Genecards database was searched to identify targets related to COVID-19. Then, the STRING database was applied to analyse protein–protein interaction, and Cytoscape software was used to draw a network diagram. The R language and DAVID database were used to analyse GO biological processes and KEGG pathway enrichment. Second, AutoDock Vina and other software were used for molecular docking of core targets and core compounds. Finally, before and after application of DYY, the core target gene IL6 of COVID-19 patients was detected by ELISA to validate the clinical effects. Results First, 174 compounds, 7053 target genes of DYY and 251 genes related to COVID-19 were selected, among which there were 45 target genes of DYY associated with treatment of COVID-19. This study demonstrated that the use of DYY in the treatment of COVID-19 involved a variety of biological processes, and DYY acted on key targets such as IL6, ILIB, and CCL2 through signaling pathways such as the IL-17 signaling pathway, AGE-RAGE signaling pathway in diabetic complications, and cytokine–cytokine receptor interaction. DYY might play a vital role in treating COVID-19 by suppressing the inflammatory storm and regulating immune function. Second, the molecular docking results showed that there was a certain affinity between the core compounds (kaempferol, quercetin, 7-Methoxy-2-methyl isoflavone, naringenin, formononetin) and core target genes (IL6, IL1B, CCL2). Finally, clinical studies showed that the level of IL6 was elevated in COVID-19 patients, and DYY can reduce its levels. Conclusions DYY may treat COVID-19 through multiple targets, multiple channels, and multiple pathways and is worthy of clinical application and promotion.

Background: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) complicated with dyslipidaemia is associated with a high risk of cardiovascular diseases. The Jiangtang Tiaozhi (JTTZ) recipe is a Chinese herbal formula that has been used to regulate the blood glucose and lipid levels for many years. Interestingly, a previous study has demonstrated its efficacy; however, the associated mechanism remains unclear. We hypothesised that the therapeutic effect of the JTTZ on patients with T2DM may be mediated by the modulation of metabolites secreted by the gut microbiota. This study aims to examine this mechanism.Methods and analysis: This study is a randomised, positive drug parallel-controlled, open-label clinical trial in patients with T2DM and dyslipidaemia. A total of 96 patients will be recruited and randomly assigned to treatment with JTTZ or metformin for 12 weeks. The primary outcome will be the rates of effectively regulated blood glucose and lipid levels (measured with the levels of glycated haemoglobin, fasting plasma glucose, 2-h plasma glucose, triglyceride, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol). The secondary outcomes will be the changes in body weight, body mass index, and waist circumference and Traditional Chinese Medicine symptom scores. In addition, 16S rRNA gene sequencing will be performed on the gut microbiota obtained from faeces, and metabolomics analysis will be performed based on blood and gut microbiota samples. Intention-to-treat, per-protocol analysis and safety analysis will be performed.Clinical trial registration number: https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT04623567

Psoriasis is a chronic, immune-mediated skin disorder involving hyperproliferation of the keratinocytes in the epidermis. As complex as its pathophysiology, the optimal treatment for psoriasis remains unsatisfactorily addressed. Though systemic administration of biological agents has made an impressive stride in moderate-to-severe psoriasis, a considerable portion of psoriatic conditions were left unresolved, mainly due to adverse effects from systemic drug administration or insufficient drug delivery across a highly packed stratum corneum via topical therapies. Along with the advances in nanotechnologies, the incorporation of nanomaterials as topical drug carriers opens an obvious prospect for the development of antipsoriatic topicals. Hence, this review aims to distinguish the benefits and weaknesses of individual nanostructures when applied as topical antipsoriatics in preclinical psoriatic models. In view of specific features of each nanostructure, we propose that a proper combination of distinctive nanomaterials according to the physicochemical properties of loaded drugs and clinical features of psoriatic patients is becoming a promising option that potentially drives the translation of nanomaterials from bench to bedside with improved transdermal drug delivery and consequently therapeutic effects.

A sensitive and selective electrochemical dopamine (DA) sensor has been developed using gold nanoparticles decorated marimo-like graphene (Au NP/MG) as a modifier of the glassy carbon electrode (GCE). Marimo-like graphene (MG) was prepared by partial exfoliation on the mesocarbon microbeads (MCMB) through molten KOH intercalation. Characterization via transmission electron microscopy confirmed that the surface of MG is composed of multi-layer graphene nanowalls. The graphene nanowalls structure of MG provided abundant surface area and electroactive sites. Electrochemical properties of Au NP/MG/GCE electrode were investigated by cyclic voltammetry and differential pulse voltammetry techniques. The electrode exhibited high electrochemical activity towards DA oxidation. The oxidation peak current increased linearly in proportion to the DA concentration in a range from 0.02 to 10 μM with a detection limit of 0.016 μM. The detection selectivity was carried out with the presence of 20 μM uric acid in goat serum real samples. This study demonstrated a promising method to fabricate DA sensor-based on MCMB derivatives as electrochemical modifiers.

Short video hot spot classification is a fundamental method to grasp the focus of consumers and improve the effectiveness of video marketing. The limitations of traditional short text classification are sparse content as well as inconspicuous feature extraction. To solve the problems above, this paper proposes a short video hot spot classification model combining latent dirichlet allocation (LDA) feature fusion and improved bi-directional long short-term memory (BiLSTM), namely the LDA-BiLSTM-self-attention (LBSA) model, to carry out the study of hot spot classification that targets Carya cathayensis walnut short video review data under the TikTok platform. Firstly, the LDA topic model was used to expand the topic features of the Word2Vec word vector, which was then fused and input into the BiLSTM model to learn the text features. Afterwards, the self-attention mechanism was employed to endow different weights to the output information of BiLSTM in accordance with the importance, to enhance the precision of feature extraction and complete the hot spot classification of review data. Experimental results show that the precision of the proposed LBSA model reached 91.52%, which is significantly improved compared with the traditional model in terms of precision and F1 value.

BackgroundAn early and accurate evaluation of the risk of bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) in premature infants is pivotal in implementing preventive strategies. The risk prediction models nowadays for BPD risk that included only clinical factors but without genetic factors are either too complex without practicability or provide poor-to-moderate discrimination. We aim to identify the role of genetic factors in BPD risk prediction early and accurately.MethodsExome sequencing was performed in a cohort of 245 premature infants (gestational age

Abstract Background Mutations in the surfactant protein C gene (SFTPC) result in interstitial lung disease (ILD). Our objective was to characterize clinical and genetic spectrum of ILD in Chinese children associated with SFTPC mutations. Methods Six Chinese children with ILD heterozygous for SFTPC mutations were included. Candidate genes responsible for surfactant dysfunction were sequenced by next-generation sequencing. Subclones of SFTPC with novel mutations were generated and transiently transfected into A549 cells. The functional characterization of mutant surfactant protein C (SP-C) was evaluated by Western blotting and immunofluorescence. Results The age of onset ranged from 7 days to 15 months. All cases required supplemental oxygen. Failure to thrive (5/6) was the most significant extra-pulmonary manifestation. Hydroxychloroquine was given as the long-term treatment of lung disease in four patients and two of them responded well. Three mutations were identified in six patients: four with I73T, one with D105G, one with Y113H. Mutations in three patients were inherited and three arised de novo. Western blotting revealed totally different band patterns between mutant SP-C (D105G and Y113H) and the wildtype. Immunofluorescence showed mutant SP-C (D105G) was scarcely trafficked to lamellar bodies but localized well to early endosomes, which was in marked contrast to the wildtype protein. Conclusion SFTPC mutations were an important cause of childhood ILD in Chinese population. I73T was a common SFTPC mutation in Chinese ILD children associated with surfactant protein C mutations.

Owing to the unfavorable wetting and density difference between graphene and copper, it remains challenging to achieve homogeneous dispersion of graphene for utilizing the unique nature of graphene in copper matrix composites. Here, we design an in-situ process to fabricate graphene-like carbon (GLC) reinforcing copper matrix composites: GLC can be directly fabricated on commercial copper particles using modified PECVD method followed by vacuum hot pressing, which is high-efficiency and can be massively produced for graphene reinforced metal matrix composites in industrial level. After hot pressing, the GLC with ultralow content (170 to 350 ppm) can be uniformly dispersed and tightly embedded within the copper matrix. A remarkable thermal conductivity enhancement efficiency of 85% and enhanced thermal conductivity (439 W m−1 K−1), accompanied by the higher wear resistance, can be obtained in our GLC reinforced copper matrix composites. In actual arc ablation performance measurement, the breakdown strength and relative arc ablation resistance of GLC/Cu composites can be significantly improved by 106.5% and 33.3% than pure copper, respectively, demonstrating GLC/Cu composites a promising candidate for application as high voltage electrical contacts.

Objective This study evaluated serum ferritin (SF) levels and investigated their relationships with various clinical markers in patients with multiple myeloma (MM). Furthermore, the effects and molecular mechanism of deferoxamine (DFO) in myeloma cells were studied. Methods Clinical data from 84 patients with MM were collected to evaluate SF content and its relationship with several important clinical parameters. MM1S and MM1R myeloma cells were chosen to investigate the effects of iron and DFO on cell survival and apoptosis. Results Increased SF levels were detected in newly diagnosed patients, especially those with stage III disease or the κ isotype. SF content was positively correlated with β2-microglobulin, interleukin-6, and lactate dehydrogenase expression. Furthermore, patients with progressive or relapsed disease had higher SF levels. Importantly, iron chelation with DFO efficiently inhibited myeloma cell survival and accelerated apoptosis by regulating apoptosis-related genes. Conclusions The importance of SF for MM was highlighted. Additionally, it is suggested that DFO may be a good therapeutic option for MM.

Background Ketamine is a novel fast-acting antidepressant. Acute ketamine treatment can reverse microstructure deficits and normalize functional alterations in the brain, but little is known about the impacts of ketamine on brain volumes in individuals with depression. Methods We used 3 T magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and tensorbased morphological methods to investigate the regional volume differences for 29 healthy control (HC) subjects and 21 subjects with major depressive disorder (MDD), including 10 subjects with comorbid post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). All the subjects participated in MRI scanning before and 24 h post intravenous ketamine infusion. The effects of acute ketamine administration on HC, MDD, and MDD/PTSD groups were examined separately by whole-brain voxel-wise t-tests. Results Our data showed smaller volume of inferior frontal gyrus (IFG, opercular part) in MDD and MDD/PTSD subjects compared to HC, and a significant correlation between opercular IFG volume and depressive severity in MDD subjects only. Ketamine administration normalized the structural alterations of opercular IFG in both MDD and MDD/PTSD groups, and significantly improved depressive and PTSD symptoms. Twenty-four hours after a single ketamine infusion, there were two clusters of voxels with volume changes in MDD subjects, including significantly increased volumes of opercular IFG. No significant structural alterations were found in the MDD/PTSD or HC groups. Conclusion These findings provide direct evidence that acute ketamine administration can normalize structural alterations associated with depression and highlight the importance of IFG in the guidance of future therapeutic targets.

Metabolic syndrome (MetS) is a multifarious metabolic disorder that could severely damage multiple organs. The emergence of MetS has markedly increased medical burden for patients. The treatment of MetS involves multitarget regulation, which is the advantage of traditional Chinese medicine (TCM). Many high-quality studies related to TCM for MetS have been conducted in recent years; however, no overall efficacy analysis has been reported. To evaluate the efficacy and safety of TCM against MetS, we reviewed randomized controlled trials of MetS published in the past decade and then selected and analyzed 16 high-quality articles from over 800 papers. The results showed that TCM might be beneficial in improving body weight as well as in regulating glucose and lipid metabolisms; thus, TCM might be an ideal alternative therapy for MetS management. Treatment safety was also estimated in our analysis. A more elaborately designed and long-term observation of TCM for MetS should be performed in the future.

The family Boletaceae primarily represents ectomycorrhizal fungi, which play an essential ecological role in forest ecosystems. Although the Boletaceae family has been subject to a relatively global and comprehensive history of work, novel species and genera are continually described. During this investigation in northern China, many specimens of boletoid fungi were collected. Based on the study of their morphology and phylogeny, four new species, Butyriboletus pseudoroseoflavus, Butyriboletus subregius, Tengioboletus subglutinosus, and Suillellus lacrymibasidiatus, are introduced. Morphological evidence and phylogenetic analyses of the single or combined dataset (ITS or 28S, rpb1, rpb2, and tef1) confirmed these to be four new species. The evidence and analyses indicated the new species’ relationships with other species within their genera. Detailed descriptions, color photographs, and line drawings are provided. The species of Butyriboletus in China were compared in detail and the worldwide keys of Tengioboletus and Suillellus were given.

Rapid urbanization, population growth, and other intensive human activities have greatly altered natural hydrological conditions and matter cycling, which are the main causes of water quality deterioration in North China’s rivers. With the help of a 15-year (2005–2019) dataset of river water quality (1043 records from nine sites), this study investigated the spatiotemporal water quality patterns in the Yongding River Basin (YRB) in North China using a new water quality index (WQI-DET), which has been customized for China’s water quality classification scheme. Our results showed that the river water quality of the YRB has significantly improved due to the decreased surface runoff and an abrupt change of WQI-DET was observed in 2011. The elimination of anoxic conditions and the mitigation of nitrogen and phosphorus resulting from the construction of wastewater treatment plants and the improvement of treatment capacity are the main reasons for the improvement in river water quality. We also found that eutrophication is still not completely eradicated because of the high concentrations of NH _4 ^+ and total phosphorus. Our study suggests that for rivers in which runoff has decreased sharply, the water quality could be improved significantly by wastewater treatment facilities. At present, for the YRB, more effort is needed to eliminate eutrophication and dried-up river sections and thereby finally improve the river ecosystem. We concluded that more attention and effort should be given to river hydrological conditions, specific river ecological characteristics, and the increasingly important non-point source pollutants during the design of river restoration measures in North China.

Considering the vital physiological functions of dopamine (DA) and uric acid (UA) and their coexistence in the biological matrix, the development of biosensing techniques for their simultaneous and sensitive detection is highly desirable for diagnostic and analytical applications. Therefore, Ti3C2Tx/rGO heterostructure with a double-deck layer was fabricated through electrochemical reduction. The rGO was modified on a porous Ti3C2Tx electrode as the biosensor for the detection of DA and UA simultaneously. Debye length was regulated by the alteration of rGO mass on the surface of the Ti3C2Tx electrode. Debye length decreased with respect to the rGO electrode modified with further rGO mass, indicating that fewer DA molecules were capable of surpassing the equilibrium double layer and reaching the surface of rGO to achieve the voltammetric response of DA. Thus, the proposed Ti3C2Tx/rGO sensor presented an excellent performance in detecting DA and UA with a wide linear range of 0.1–100 μM and 1–1000 μM and a low detection limit of 9.5 nM and 0.3 μM, respectively. Additionally, the proposed Ti3C2Tx/rGO electrode displayed good repeatability, selectivity, and proved to be available for real sample analysis.

In the context of the rapid development of online shopping, enterprises and consumers realized the importance of an effective online short video display. However, academics rarely explored the content of a short video display and its impacts on consumers’ perceptions. This paper discusses the impacts of this display form on consumers’ perceived quality via questionnaires and scenario experiments based on the existing literature and theories. A short video of clothes was the main research object. We used an experimental design that included 2 (time: long, short) × 2 (display perspectives: overall, specific) × 2 (scenarios: outdoors, indoors) groups of experiments, for a total of eight groups of scenario experiments, to verify our hypotheses. The results reveal that the short video display makes consumers have a higher perceived quality compared with the long video display. Compared with a video that only includes an overall view of the product, a video that provides both an overall view and the details of the product makes consumers have a higher perceived quality. Consumers were found to have a higher perceived quality of products shot outdoors compared with products shot indoors.

Electronic packaging materials and thermal interface materials (TIMs) are widely used in thermal management. In this study, the epoxy composites with core-shell structure SiC@SiO(2) nanowires (SiC@SiO(2) NWs) as fillers could effectively enhance the thermal conductivity of epoxy composites. The unique structure of fillers results in a high thermal conductivity of epoxy composites, which is attributed to good interfacial compatibility epoxy matrix and bridging connections of SiC@SiO(2) NWs. From neat epoxy to 2.5 wt% loading of SiC@SiO(2) NWs, the thermal conductivity is significantly increased from 0.218 to 0.391 W m^−1 K^−1, increased by 79.4%. In addition, the composite with 2.5 wt% filler possess lower coefficient of thermal expansion and better thermal stability than that of neat epoxy. All these outstanding properties imply that epoxy/SiC@SiO(2) NWs composites could be the ideal candidate for TIM.

Brown blotch disease (BBD) caused by Pseudomonas tolaasii is one of the most devastating diseases of Pleurotus spp. worldwide. Breeding for resistant strains is the most effective method for controlling BBD. To identify resistant germplasm for BBD management, 97 strains comprising 21 P. cf. floridanus, 20 P. ostreatus, and 56 P. pulmonarius were screened by two different methods; namely, inoculation of the pathogen on the mushroom pileus (IMP) and on the spawned substrate (IMSS) under controlled conditions. Out of the 97 strains screened, 22 P. pulmonarius, and four P. cf. floridanus were moderately resistant to BBD using the IMP method. Eleven P. pulmonarius, six P. cf. florida, and one P. ostreatus strains were highly resistant to BBD using the IMSS method. All of the 97 strains showed varying degrees of susceptibility using the IMP method, but eight strains were completely resistant using the IMSS method. Combining these two methods, five strains were highly resistant (four P. pulmonarius and one P. cf. floridanus) and 11 were moderately resistant (eight P. pulmonarius and three P. cf. floridanus). The resistance sources to P. tolaasii identified in P. pulmonarius and P. cf. floridanus could be used for further breeding of Pleurotus spp.

Copper-based materials are common industrial products which have been broadly applied to the fields of powder metallurgy, electrical contact, and heat exchangers, etc. However, the ease of surface oxidation limits the durability and effectiveness of copper-based components. Here, we have developed a powder metallurgy process to fabricate graphene/copper composites using copper powders which were first deposited with graphene layers by thermal chemical vapor deposition (CVD). The graphene/copper composites embedded with an interconnected graphene network was then able to be obtained by vacuum hot-pressing. After thermal oxidation (up to 220 °C) in humid air for several hours, we found that the degree of surface oxidation of our samples was much less than that of their pure Cu counterpart and our samples produced a much smaller increase of interfacial contact resistance when used as electrical contact materials. As a result, our graphene/copper composites showed a significant enhancement of oxidation resistance ability (≈5.6 times) compared to their pure Cu counterpart, thus offering potential applications as novel electrical contact materials.

It is of great significance to distinguish enantiomers due to their different, even completely opposite biological, physiological and pharmacological activities compared to those with different stereochemistry. A sp3-to-sp2 converted highly stable and regenerative graphene/diamond electrode (G/D) was proposed as an enantiomer recognition platform after a simple β-cyclodextrin (β-CD) drop casting process. The proposed enantiomer recognition sensor has been successfully used for d and l-phenylalanine recognition. In addition, the G/D electrode can be simply regenerated by half-minute sonication due to the strong interfacial bonding between graphene and diamond. Therefore, the proposed G/D electrode showed significant potential as a reusable sensing platform for enantiomer recognition.

We study the tritronquée solution u(x, t) of the PI² equation, the second member of the Painlevé I hierarchy. This particular solution is also known as the Gurevich--Pitaevskii solution of the KdV equation. It is pole-free on the real line and has various applications in mathematical physics. We obtain a full asymptotic expansion of u(x, t) as x → ± ∞, uniformly for the parameter t in a large interval. Based on this result, we successfully derive the total integrals of u(x, t) and the associated Hamiltonian with respect to x ∈ R . Surprisingly, although u(x, t) exhibits significant differences between t > 0 and t < 0, both integrals equal zero for all t. [ABSTRACT FROM AUTHOR]